【英文字幕-经济】IMF和世界银行的区别 What's the diffe...

If you if you are confused by the difference between the international  mandatory fund The I MF  and the world bank well you’re not the only one

famous economist John Maynard Keynes Who was the founding father of both institutions said that he was confused  just by their names.

The IMF and the World Bank are closely linked so  so close that their headquarters a are cross the street with each other here in Washington.

so what’s the difference between then?

It all started at this hotel;

In New Hampshire in July 1944 where 44 countries gathered for the Brettonwoods conference  The goal of the conference was to agree  on framework for the international monetary system.

Which is the rules and institutions that keep The global economy running smoothly, after World War II most people agree that the old system has failed it has seen the Great Depression, unfair trade policies and unstable currencies, After three weeks of heated negotiation at  Bretton woods especially between canes who was representing the United Kingdom and harry Dexter White the US treasury representatives a deal was reached.

The agreement created the IMF, and  international bank for reconstruction and development soon to be know World Bank Each institution was given a instinct role , The IMF job was to oversee a system of fixed exchange rates which tied the value of a country‘s currency to the US which was pegged to Gold .

The main purpose of this was to make sure exchange rate stayed stable to encourage the global trade ,the IMF was also tasked with providing short term loans ,

Meanwhile the main goal of the World Bank was to give Financial assistance to countries mainly in Europe that needed to rebuild, after the  war .

The roles of both the IMF  and the World-bank  have changed a lot since the days of Bretton woods president Nixon unpaged the US Dollar from gold in 1971, essentially dissolving the fix exchange rate system that the imf oversaw since then the IMF has taken on a big role 

Fighting financial crisis around the world it keeps tabs on the global economy, and put economic policies in place in member countries.

The World Bank focuses its efforts on development, and  reducing poverty,

It provides funding and resources and projects in some of the poorest countries in the world. Both institutions include 189 members countries but the IMF has around 2700 employees, compared to the world bank stuff of 10,000,the IMF is funded mainly by quotas  basically subscription fees from member countries it receives around $675 billion in quarters, with the US Japan China Germany contributing the most , The world bank is financed mostly by issuing bonds to global investors, The groups lending commitments which nearly $59 billion in fiscal year 2017.

The IMF has committed $160 billion Under its  currently lending commitments today in the I MF‘s biggest borrower include Greece , Ukraine Portugal and Pakistan.

The place where is the word bank running most projects are in Africa and east Asia, One thing in the IMF and the World Bank have in common  and that they both have some opponents.

 critics point to the condition attached to their loans say they don’t always address specific economy issues with the country The IMF has come under fire for continue to bail  out Greece , even as the country has found to clean up its finances, human rights groups has criticized the World Bank for ignoring the environmental and social impacts of some of its projects in countries like Ethiopia or Myanmar .

But the IMF and the World Bank say they promote global economic stability they make a countries less vulnerable to crisis .