2023年上半年四六级汉译英预测：清洁能源、环境（2篇）
预测背景：
在全球能源紧张的话题下，2023年环境和能源依然是重中之重的话题，政府工作报告也明确指出，继续坚持推动发展方式绿色转型。人民生活的“幸福指数”和绿水青山的“生态颜值”息息相关。因此，环境作为热门话题，很有可能会在汉译英和写作上有出题。今年能源也会作为重点话题出现。
其中在2022年6月，六级写作真题已经出过一篇如下：
To write an essay that begins with the sentence "nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle."
环境友好型生活方式以作文的形式曾经出现，所以不排除汉译英的出现。其中六级会偏向于政府工作报告内容，十四五主题，总书记讲话的原句可能会更高概率。
预测目的：
增加对环境相关词汇的认识，增加对能源词汇的了解。对环境相关的时政词汇增加了解并形成记忆。
Directions: Translate the following passage into English.
CET4 Version
清洁能源传统意义上指的是对环境友好的能源，通常表现为排放少，对环境污染程度小，同时具有高经济性。清洁能源一般包括两种类型：一种是可再生的能源，如太阳能、风能、地热能（geothermal energy）、潮汐能等，在被消耗后自身能够恢复和补充，并且不会产生或很少产生污染物；另一种是利用洁净能源技术处理过的化石燃料，是不可再生的低污染能源（如天然气等），一般情况下多指前者。中国始终坚持清洁低碳的发展方向，大力发展非化石能源，推动能源清洁低碳转型，提高能源效率，减少污染物及二氧化碳排放，保护生态环境，促进人与自然和谐发展。“十四五”规划是中国进一步加快可再生能源的关键机遇，将帮助中国碳中和目标的实现。
Conventionally, clean energy refers to energy sources that are environmentally-friendly, characterized by their low emission, little-to-zero pollution to the environment and high cost-efficiency. Clean energy usually is classified into two major types: One is the family of renewable energy sources, for instance, solar, wind, geothermal and tidal energy, which replenish and recover spontaneously after consumption; the other is the non-renewable low-pollution energy sources processed with clean-energy techniques such as natural gas, etc. Clean energy usually refers to the former. China adheres to clean and low-carbon development courses and invigorates non-fossil energy sources to drive forward clean and low-carbon energy transition, improve energy efficiency, reduce the emission of pollutants and carbon dioxide and protect the environment for a harmonious development of humanity and nature. The 14th 5-year plan is a key opportunity pushing forward China’s development in renewable energy for its goals of carbon neutrality.
解析：
1- 传统意义上讲：conventionally, generally (speaking), widely (speaking), traditionally
2- 指的是refer to, be known as（非直译）
3- 表现为：be characterized by（标准的翻译），be distinctive of（特征非常明显），后面建议使用名词格式。如：表现为排放少→表现为低排放
Be distinctive of its low emission。再如：地中海地区的气候表现为冬暖夏凉：Climate in the Mediterranean regions are usually characterized by warm winters and cool summers.
有关能源的常见词汇
可持续发展：sustainable development；
清洁能源：clean energy
可再生能源：renewable energy (re-new-able)
化石能源：fossil energy
燃料：fuel
新能源汽车：NEV (new-energy vehicles)
联合国可持续发展目标：UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
碳中和：carbon neutrality
碳达峰：carbon emission peak
二氧化碳：carbon dioxide (CO2)
（应对）气候变化：adress climate change
气象学的：meterological (meter - o - logy - logical)
极端天气：extreme weather conditions
度过难关：weather the difficulties（weather v. 度过难关）
绿水青山就是金山银山：Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets
能源供应紧张：energy supply crunch / shortage
低碳的：low-carbon
碳足迹：carbon footprint
十四五：The 14th 5-year Plan
光伏发电：photovoltaic power generation
(Photovoltaic光伏：photo 光的，-volt 伏特，-aic 形容词后缀)
立场、观点词汇
强调立场 sharpen the position / strengthen the stance on
坚持……的原则（理念）：adhere to the stance / principle（philosopy） of
坚定不移地走……的发展道路：adhere unswervingly to the pathway of ...
人与自然和谐发展: the harmonious development of humanity and nature
绿色转型：green transition
第二篇：环境（难度在CET4到CET6之间）
生态环境是人类赖以生存繁衍的重要基础。过去五年，我们加强生态环境保护，促进绿色低碳发展，坚持“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，健全生态文明制度体系，处理好发展和保护的关系，不断提升可持续发展能力，加强生物多样性保护，完善生态保护补偿制度。森林覆盖率、湿地保护率大幅提高，水土流失、荒漠化得到有效遏制，人民群众越来越多享受到蓝天白云、绿水青山。
难点翻译
1- 生存繁衍：生存，发展和后代，这里可以拆成三个：existence, development, breeding。
2- 健全……的体系：可以使用improve来表示健全。
*另一个常见的是replenish，多为数量的补全或者通过增加法令使得体系整齐全面。
3- 处理好……的关系：levering the balance between A and B，处理好本质上就是平衡二者
4- 知识点：生态保护补偿（eco-protection / ecological compensation mechanisms）是指采取财政转移支付或市场交易等方式，对生态保护者因履行生态保护责任所增加的支出和付出的成本，予以适当补偿的激励性制度安排。生态保护补偿制度作为生态文明制度的重要组成部分，是落实生态保护权责、调动各方参与生态保护积极性、推进生态文明建设的重要手段。
5- 遏制：在正式报道中多用curb或者contain，尤其指恶劣事件得到遏制。surpress多为抑制其增长速度，或者抑制某种状态，偏中性。
The eco-environment is the vital foundation for the existence, development and breeding of mankind. Over the past five years, we have been strengthening our eco-environment protection, promoting green and low-carbon development, adhering to the philosophies of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", improving our eco-civilization institution systems, levering the balance between environmental development and protection, continiously improving our capabilities in sustainable development, strengthening our bio-diversity protection and improving our eco-protection compensation mechanisms. Over the years, we have seen a remarkable rise in the rates of our forest coverage and wetland preservation, and effectively curbed soil and water loss and land desertification. Our people are enjoying more and more clearer days, bluer skies, whiter clouds, more lucid waters and lush mountains.
