【TED】Which country does the most good for the world？世界上最好的国家是？

I've been thinking a lot about the world recently and how it's changed over the last 20,30,40 years.

最近我常常思考我们的世界，以及它在过去的20，30，40年里经历了何等的转变。

Twenty or thirty years ago,if a chicken caught a cold and sneezed and died in a remote village in East Asia,it would have been a tragedy for the chicken and its closest relatives,but I don't think there was much possibility of us fearing a global pandemic and the deaths of millions.

20或30年前，如果在东亚一个遥远村落里，一只鸡患了感冒，打个喷嚏然后死了，对那只鸡和它的近亲来说可能是个灾难，但我想我们不太可能会因此而担心全球流行病和数百万人的死亡。

Twenty or thirty years ago,if a bank in North America lend too much money to some people who couldn't afford to pay it back and the bank went bust,that was bad for the lender and bad for the borrower,but we didn't imagine it would bring the global economic system to its knees for nearly a decade.

20或30年前，如果北美的一家银行借出了太多钱，给那些无力偿还的人，并因此而倒闭了，只是借贷双方运气不好而已，但我们不会想到这会给全球经济系统带来将近10年的瘫痪期。

This is globalization.

这就是全球化。

This is the miracle that has enabled us to transship our bodies and our minds and out words and our pictures and our ideas and our teaching and our learning around the planet,ever faster and ever cheaper.

这就是奇迹，它已经让我们的身体、我们的头脑、我们的语言、图像以及我们的思想、还有我们的教育和学习都围绕这个星球，运转得更快、成本更低。

It's brought a lot of bad stuff,like the stuff that I just described,but it's also brought a lot of good stuff.

它带来很多坏事，比如我刚才举的例子；但它也带来许多好事。

A lot of us are not aware of the extraordinary successes of the Millennium Development Goals,several of which have achieved their targets long before the due date.

我们当中很多人并不了解千禧年发展目标取得了非凡的成就，有几个远在截止日期之前就完成了预定目标。

That proves that this species of humanity is capable of achieving extraordinary progress,if it really acts together and it really tries hard.

这证明了人类这个物种，能够取得超凡的进展，如果我们真正地一起合作并努力的话。

But if I had to put it in a nutshell these days,I sort of feel that globalization has taken us by surprise,and we've been slow to respond to it.

但如果我简明扼要地说，我觉得全球化有点让我们措手不及，我们对它的回应太慢了。

If you look at the downside of globalization,it really dose seem to be sometimes overwhelming.

如果你看看全球化的负面影响，有时候的确有点难以应付。

All of the grand challenges that we face today,like climate change and human rights and demographics and terrorism and pandemics and narco-trafficking and human slavery and species loss,I could go on,we're not making an awful lot of progress against a n awful lot of those challenges.

今天我们面对的所有重大挑战，像气候变化或人权问题，还有人口问题、恐怖主义和流行病 ，还有毒品走私和奴隶贩卖，以及物种灭绝，我可以一直说下去，我们在这么多可怕的挑战面前并没有取得多么重大的进展。

So in a nutshell,that's the challenge that we all face today at this interesting point in history.

所以简单来说，这就是我们所有人在这个有意思的历史时期，如今面临的挑战。

That's clearly what we've got to do next.

这很明显是我们接下来要做的。

We've somehow got to get our act together and we've got to figure out how to globalize the solutions better so that we don't simply become a species which is the victim of the globalization of problems.

我们要设法共同行动起来，我们要想办法如何更好地解决全球化问题，以至于我们不会沦为全球化问题中受害的一个种群。

注：Please viewed  the following points of view dialectically.请辩证地看待以下观点。

Why are we so slow at achieving these advances?What's the reason for it？

为什么我们取得进展的速度如此缓慢？原因是什么？

Well,there are,of course,a number of reasons,but perhaps the primary reason is because we're still organized as a species in the same way that we were organized 200 or 300 years ago.

当然，这有许多原因。但也许是最首要的原因，是我们这个物种的机构组成与200或300年前一样。

There's one superpower left on the planet and that is the seven billion people,the seven billion of us who cause all these problems,the same seven billion,by the way,who will resolve them all.

目前世界上只有一个超能力，那就是这70亿人口（billion为十亿，字幕中翻译为亿是错误的）我们这70亿人，造成了所有这些问题，但同样的70亿人，也要解决这些问题。

But how are those seven billion organized?

但这7亿人是怎么组织起来的呢？

They're still organized in 200 or so nation-states,and the nations have governments that make rules and cause us to behave in certain ways.

他们还是由200多个国家或者多民族国家组成，国家都有政府，颁布法律，并要求我们遵守一定的准则。

And that's a pretty efficient system,but the problem is that the way that those laws are made and the way those governments think is absolutely wrong for the solution of glabal problems,because it all looks inwards.

这是一个相当有效的体制，但问题是这些法律的形成以及政府思考的方式，在解决全球问题上是完全错误的，因为它只看到国内。

三个原因的浅浅的总结：

1. 只看到国内
2. 是文化精神变态
3. 认为国内事务和国际事务不兼容

07:00

And so you may say,well,given all of that,why then doesn't it work?

你可能说，就算这样，为什么不奏效呢？

Why can we not make our politicians change?

为什么我们无法让政党改变？

Why can't we demand them?

为什么我们无法要求他们？

Well,I,like a lot of us,spend a lot of time complaining about how hard it is to make people change,and I don't think we should fuss about it.

我，就像我们中间许多人，花很多时间抱怨让人改变有多困难，我不认为我们应该对此小题大作。

I think we should just accept that we are an inherently conservative species.

我觉得我们应该接受，我们是天生非常保守的物种。

We don't like to change.

我们不喜欢改变。

It exists for very sensible evolutionary reasons.

这种现状的存在是因为非常合理的进化原因。

We probably wouldn't still be here today,if we weren't so resistant to change.

如果我们不是如此顽固执守的话，我们今天很可能不会在这里。



It's very simple:Many thousands of years ago,we discovered that if we carried on doing the same things,we wouldn't die,because the things that we've done before by definition didn't kill us,and therefore as long as we carry on doing them,we'll be okay,and it's very sensible not to do anything new because it might kill you.

这很简单：几千年前，我们发现如果我们继续做同样的事情，我们就死不了。因为我们以前所做的，肯定能让我们生存下去，所以只要我们继续这么做，我们就没事。不去尝试新事物是很合理的，因为新事物可能会杀了你。

But of couse,there are exceptions to that.

但当然，也有例外。

Otherwise,we'd never get anywhere.

不然我们就无法前进。

And one of the exceptions,the interesting exception is when you can show to people that there might be some self-interest in them making that leap of faith and changing a little bit.

一个有趣的例外，是当你告诉别人，满怀信心，并做出一些改变是对他们自身有利的时候。

So I've spent a lot of the last 10 or 15 years trying to find out what could be that self-interest that would encourage not just politicians but also businesses and general populations,all of us,to start to think a little more outwardly,to think in a bigger picture,not always to look inwards,sometimes to look outwards.

所以我在过去的10到15年里，试图找到那个可以鼓励，不仅是政治家，也包括商家和大众的自身利益的是什么，我们所有人，开始一点点往远看，想想大局，不要总是只顾自己，偶尔也向外看看。

And this is where I discovered something quite important.

这时我发现了一件相当重要的事。

9:09

Countries depend enormously on their reputataions in order to survive and prosper in the world.

国家很大程度上取决于他们的声誉，来决定他们在世界中的生存与繁荣。

If a country has a great,positive image,everything is easy and everything is cheap.

如果一个国家有很伟大很正面的形象，所有事情就会很容易，而且东西也会很便宜。

You can get more tourists.You can get more investors.You sell your products more expensively.

你能得到游客，你能得到投资商，你可以高价卖出你的商品。

If,on the other hand,you have a country with a very weak or a very negative image,everything is difficult and everything is expensive.

另一方面，如果你的国家有一个非常弱或者负面的形象，所有事情就会变得困难，而且东西昂贵。

So governments care desperately about the image of their country,because it makes a direct difference to how much money they can make（so表因果关系不能和because连用）and that's what they've promised their populations they're going to deliver.

所以政府极度关注国家的形象，因为它直接影响到他们能挣多少钱，这也是他们向国民所承诺的他们将给予的。

So a couple of years ago,I thought I would take some time and speak to that gigantic database and ask it,why do some people prefer one country more than another?

所以几年以后，我认为我可以抽出些时间来跟那个庞大的数据库聊聊，问问它为什么有些人相比于一个国家更喜欢另一个国家。

And the answer that the database gave me completely staggered me.

数据库给我的答案完全出乎我的预料.

It was 6.8.

答案是6.8。

I haven't got time to explain indetail.Basically what it told me was

我没时间解释详情，基本上它告诉我的是——

The kinds of countries we prefer are good countries.

我们喜欢的国家是好国家。

We don't admire countries primarily because they're rich,because they're powerful,because they're successful,because they're modern,because they're technologically advanced.

我们不会因为有些国家富有而爱慕它们，或因为它们有权势，因为它们成功，因为它们现代化，因为它们有先进的科技。

We primarily admire countries that are good.

我们爱慕一个国家因为它们好。

What do we mean by good?

好是什么意思？

We mean countries that seem to contribute something to the world in which we live,countries that actually make the world safer or better or richer or fairer.

我们指的是那些国家对我们所居住的世界做出了贡献。那些让世界更安全或更好或富有或更公平的国家。

Those are the countries we like.

这些是我们喜欢的国家。

This is a discovery of sidnificant importance—you see where I'm going—because it squares the circle.

这是一个有重大意义的发现——你知道我要说什么了——因为它解释了一切。

I can now say,and often do,to any goverment,in order to do well,you need to do good.

我现在可以说，而且经常说，对任何政府，想要做的好，就要做好事。

If you want to sell more products,if you want to get more investment,if you want to become more competitive,then you need to start behaving,because that's why people will respect you and do business with you,and therefore,the more you collaborate,the more competitive you become.

如果你想卖更多产品，如果你想得到更多投资，如果你想变得更有竞争力，那你就得开始好好表现，这样人们才会尊重你，与你展开商务往来，因此，你合作得越多，你就越有竞争力。

This is quite an important discovery,and as soon as I discovered this,I felt another index coming on.

这是一个相当重要的发现。我一发现这一点，我感到另一指数的必要性。

I swear that as I get older,my ideas become simpler and more and more childish.

我发誓我年龄越大，我的想法就越简单，也会越孩子气。

This one is called the Good Country Index,and it does exactly what it says on the tin.

这个指数叫好国家指数。它所做的完全是它的字面意思。

It measures,or at least it tries to measure,exactly how much each country on Earth contributes,not to its own population but to the rest of humanity.

他衡量，起码试图衡量，地球上每个国家到底贡献了多少，不是对它本身的国民而是其余的人类。

Bizarrely,nobody had ever thought of measuring this before.

奇怪的是，从来没有人想过，要来衡量这个。

So my colleague Dr. Robert Govers and I have spent the best part of the last two years,with the help of a large number of very serious and clever people,cramming together all the reliable data in the world e could find about what countries give to the world.

我的同事Robert Govers博士和我花了过去两年的大部分时间，在许多非常认真而聪明的人们的帮助下，搜集了世界上所有我们能找到的关于国家向世界提供的数据。

11:51

But first of all,I want to tell you precisely what I mean when I say a good country.

但首先，我想告诉你我对于一个好国家的精确定义是什么。

I do not mean morally good.

我并不是说道德上的好。

When I say that Country X is the goodest country on Earth,and I mean goodest,I don't mean best.

当我说某国家是世界上最好的国家，而且我说的是最好的，而不是最优秀的。

Best is something different.

最优秀是另一个意思。

When you're talking about a good country,you can be good,gooder,goodest.

当你说一个国家是好国家，你可以是好的，更好的，最好的。

It's not the same thing as good,better and best.

它与优秀的，更优秀的和最优秀的不同。

This is a country which simply gives more to humanity than any other country.

这是一个单纯为人类和其他国家贡献更多的国家。

I don't talk about how they behave at home because that's measured elsewhere.

我不是说它们在家的行为如何，因为那是用其他东西来衡量的。

www.goodcountry.org

13:01

In the depths of a cery severe economic recession,I think that there's a really important lesson there,that if you can remember your international obligations,whilst(同while)you are trying to rebuild your own economy,that's really something.

在每场剧烈的经济萧条期，我想这都是一个重要的功课，如果你能记得你的国际责任，在你重建本国经济的同时，那是件了不起的事。

www.goodcountry.org

14:53

Now that's the Good Country Index.

这就是好国家指数。

What's it there for?

它有什么目的？

Well,it's there really because I want to try to introduce this word or reintroduce this word,into the discourse.

它存在的目的是因为我想尝试介绍这个词，或重新介绍这个词，在我们的语境中。

I've had enough hearing about competitive countries.

我已经听够了有竞争力的国家。

I've had enough hearing about prosperous,wealthy,fast-growing countries.

我已经听够了繁荣、富有、发展迅速的国家。

I've even had enough hearing about happy countries because in the end that's still selfish,that's still about us,and if we carry on thinking about us,we are in deep,deep trouble.

我甚至听够了快乐的国家，因为说到底这都是自私的，都是关乎我们自己。如果我们继续考虑自己，我们就有大麻烦了。

I think we all know what it is that we want to hear about.

我想我们都知道我们想听到什么。

We want to hear about good countries,and so I want to ask you all a favor.

我们想听到关于好国家，所以我想请求你一件事。

I'm not asking a lot.

我所要求的不多。

It's something that you might find easy to do and even helpful to do,and that's simply to start using the word "good" in this context.

对你来说可能很容易，甚至很有帮助——那就是在这个大环境中单纯地开始使用“好”这个词。

When you think about your own country,when you think about other people's countries,when you think about companies,when you talk about the world that we live in today,start using that word,in the way that I've talk about this evening.

当你想到你自己的国家，当你想到其他人的国家，当你想到公司，当你谈论我们如今所居住的世界，开始用这个词，而且是用我们今晚谈论的方式使用。

Not good,the opposite of bad,because that's an argument that never finishes.

不是“坏”的反义词“好”，因为这是一个永无完结的争论。

Good,the opposite of selfish,good being a country that thinks about all of us.

是“自私”的反义词“好”，好的意思是这个国家为所有人考虑。

That's what I would like you to do,and I'd like you to use it as a stick with which to beat your politicians.

这是我希望你做的，我希望你把它当成一根棍子使用，鞭策你的政党。

When you elect them,when you reelect them,when you cote for them,when you listen to waht they're offering you,use that word,"good",and ask yourself,"Is that what a good country would do?"

当你选举他们或重选他们的时候，当你为他们投票，听他们说他们能给你带来什么的时候，用“好”这个词，并问你自己，“这是一个好国家会做的事吗？”

And if the answer is no,be very suspicious.

如果答案是不，那就要持怀疑态度。

Ask yourself,is that the behavior of my country?

问你自己，这种行为是我的国家该有的吗？

Do I want to come from a country where the government,in my name,is doing things like that?

我愿意来自于一个政府以我的名义做这种事情的国家吗？

Or do I,on the other hand,prefer the idea of walking around the world with my head held high thinking,"Yeah,I'm proud to come from a good country"?

或者我，从另一方面来说，更喜欢在周游世界的时候，可以抬头挺胸地说，“是的，我很自豪我来自于一个好国家。”

And everybody will welcome you.

每个人都会欢迎你。

And everybody in the last 15 seconds before they drift off to sleep at night will say,"Gosh,I'm glad that person's country exists."

每个人都会在他们睡前的15秒钟说，“我为这个国家的存在感到骄傲。”

Ultimately,that,I think,is what will make the change.

最终，我认为，这是改变的原因。

That word,"good"and the number 6.8 and the discovery that's behind it have changed my life

这个词“好”，还有6.8这个数字，还有这背后的发现，改变了我的人生。

I think they can change your life,and I think we can use it to change the way that our politicians and our companies behave,and in doing so,we can change the world.

我想他们也能改变你的人生，我认为我们能用它来改变我们的政党和企业的行为，这样，我们就可以改变世界。

I've started thinking very differently about my own country since I've been thinking about these things.

自从我开始思考这些事情，我开始以非常不同的方式考虑我自己的国家，。

I used to think that I wanted to live in a rich country,and then I started thinking I wanted to live in a happy country,but I began to realize,it's not enough.

我曾经想我会愿意住在一个富有的国家，后来我想我会愿意住在一个快乐的国家，但我开始意识到，这些都不够。

I don't want to live in a rich country.

我不想住在一个富有的国家。

I don't want to live in a fast-growing or competitive country.

我不想住在一个快速发展或是竞争力强的国家。

I want to live in a good country,and I so,so hope that you do too.

我想住在一个好国家，而且我十分、十分希望你也这么想。

Thank you.

多谢。

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