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外刊读写译|《卫报》之高考的意义是什么?

2021-06-08 17:54 作者:HeartyEnglish  | 我要投稿

写在前面


今年的高考终于落下帷幕,对大部分中国学生来说,高考是必经之路,也是寒窗苦读多年热切盼望的终点线。而外刊是怎么评价这场考试的呢?
今天,我们就通过一段来自《卫报》的文章,来回顾人生旅途中这非比寻常的两天吧!
文本精读


Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughest school exam?


Chinese children must endure years of stress and impossible expectations preparing for their final school exam. The students who do best can look forward to glittering careers and even good marriage prospects. But for the less successful, the system is brutal.


首先,我们来看看标题和导语部分。


Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughestschool exam?

标题——中国的高考是世界上最难的考试吗?以问句形式呈现,设置悬念,也引发读者兴趣。tough一词在该语境中指“艰难的,困难的”( difficult to do or deal with),应用范围极广,部分情况下可以和difficult互换。


比如,tough可以用来形容问题等具体事物的困难程度。 It was a tough race. The reporters were asking a lot of tough questions.


也常用tough来修饰life, time,year等,形容“日子、经历的艰辛不易”。


She’s had a tough life.

她命途多舛。


The company admitted that it had been a tough year.


而tough用来修饰人时,可形容人在体力和精神上的强大,并能够应对艰难处境。如《老人与海》里的主人翁就是“坚强硬汉”的代表,我们也可用俚语as tough as boots/nails来形容他。



①Chinese children must endure years of stress and impossible expectationspreparing for their final school exam. 

在准备学生生涯最后一场考试时,中国的孩子必须忍受长时间的压力和无望的期望。



这句话概括了大部分中国孩子的备考状态,用到的核心动词是endure,endure一词做及物动词时,意为“忍受,忍耐”(suffer something painful or difficult patiently)。preparing for...是现在分词做伴随状语。

美剧《纸牌屋》中,有这样一句台词:

Nothing can help us endure dark timesbetter than our faith.

没什么比信仰更能支撑我们度过艰难时光了。


《经济学人》也曾用endure一词,比较了两相关利益方承受的政治压力:

The political pressure Mr Powell endured was nothing compared with Turkey's central bank.

与土耳其央行相比,鲍威尔所承受的政治压力可以说微不足道。


而endure做不及物动词时,则表示“持续,长存”(remain in existence)之意,类似于last.


Donald Trump在此前的每周电视讲话中,曾有一句非常鼓舞人心的话,我们一起看看:


Arm-in-arm, we will strive, we will endure, and we will emerge stronger than ever before.

我们会携手共同奋斗,会坚韧不拔,会变得比以往更加强大。


years of stress and impossible expectations里的years of表示“多年,数年的”,在不确定具体年数时,我们往往可以用到该短语。


CRI在线的一个例句:

After years of effort, the rail route now stretches 11-thousand kilometers.

经过数年的努力,这条线路已经绵延11000公里。


②The students who do best can look forward to glittering careers and even good marriage prospects. But for the less successful, the system is brutal.

这两句话就考试成功者和发挥不佳者的未来进行了对比:对优胜者而言,高考意味着他们能尽情畅想未来——光明的就业前景和更多的婚恋选择。而对考场失意者而言,高考制度却是残酷的。


look forward to (doing)是一个常见短语,表示“期待,期盼”,用在这里是为了表示优胜者的期盼都将成为现实,glittering careers中,glittering来源于动词glitter(“闪光”),该形容词除了表示“闪闪发光的”,还可比喻“辉煌,夺目的”(impressively successful or elaborate),在此处指“光明的就业前景”。而“就业前景”一词也常用career prospects表示,prospect表示“前景”,比如,在此前的英语专四听力原文中,就提到了该短语:


I am sure that career prospects in the industry will be very good no matter what sort of job I went into.

我相信,无论我从事什么样的工作,这个行业的职业前景都会很好。




good marriage prospects表示“好的婚恋前景”,也可以理解为:更多的婚恋选择。


the system is brutal.system一词在此处指高考制度(Gaokao system )。brutal一词常表示“残暴,野蛮的”,在此处表示该制度对某些人而言,意味着残酷的结果。


接着,我们来看第二段:


For two days in early June every year, China comes to a standstill as high school students who are about to graduate take their college entrance exams. Literally the “higher examination”, the gaokao is a national event on a par with a public holiday, but much less fun. Construction work is halted near examination halls, so as not to disturb the students, and traffic is diverted. Ambulances are on call outside in case of nervous collapses, and police cars patrol to keep the streets quiet. Radio talkshow hosts discuss the format and questions in painstaking detail, and when the results come out, the top scorers are feted nationally. A high or low mark determines life opportunities and earning potential. That score is the most important number of any Chinese child’s life, the culmination of years of schooling, memorisation and constant stress.


①For two days in early June every year, China comes to a standstill as high school students who are about to graduate take their college entrance exams. 

每年六月初,随着临近毕业的高中生参加高考,中国总会有两天仿佛陷入了停滞。


这句话描述了举国上下在高考那两天的整体氛围——仿佛陷入停滞,用到的短语是come to a standstill。standstill意为“停滞状态”(a situation or condition in which there is no movement or activity at all),此处作者的用意是凸显高考的极其重要性,在这两天内,由于一切都围绕高考展开,其他活动暂时停摆。


而交通水泄不通,陷入停滞时,我们也可以用这个短语形象说明:

The traffic came to a standstill.


此外,be at a standstill也是常用短语,例如:CNN在描述新冠疫情带来的影响时,这样说道:


Because of the global coronavirus pandemic, commerce is at a standstill.

由于全球冠状病毒大流行,商业活动陷于停滞。




②Literally the “higher examination”, the gaokao is a national event on a par with a public holiday, but much less fun. 

“高考”一词的字面意思为“高级考试”,是一项全国性事件,影响力堪比法定节假日,但又不如后者有趣。


literally是literal的副词形式,此处表示“逐字地”(exactly as written or said),比如,我们很熟悉的意大利甜点提拉米苏,字面意思就是“带我走”。tiramisu, literally translated "pick me up".



(be)on a par with表示“与...不相上下”,也就是“与...相媲美”“堪比...”之意。《万物简史》中,有这样一句话:


At the same time he showed himself to be a peerless anatomist with instincts for reconstruction almost on a par with the great Cuvier in Paris.

与此同时,他证明了自己是个无与伦比的解剖学家,具有很强的复原本能,几乎可以与伟大地巴黎古生物学家居维叶相比。


public holiday即“公共假日,法定假日”,根据维基百科的解释,public holiday也叫做:national holiday或者legal holiday.以下为原文:A public holiday, national holiday, or legal holiday is a holiday generally established by law and is usually a non-working day during the year.


而该话题也曾是2019年1月份的雅思口语话题,可能会涉及到中国庆祝法定假日的习俗,中西方节日习俗的差异等。比如:What public holidays do you have in your country?Do people in your country celebrate Christmas?What do other people in your country usually do on public holidays?


口语和翻译、写作都是对输出的考验,只有多留心多积累,才能做到侃侃而谈,下笔有神。



③Construction work is halted near examination halls, so as not to disturb the students, and traffic is diverted. Ambulances are on call outside in case of nervous collapses, and police cars patrol to keep the streets quiet. Radio talkshow hosts discuss the format and questions in painstaking detail and when the results come out, the top scorers are feted nationally. 

这几句话生动描述了各行各业在高考期间的活动。


construction work is halted是指“施工活动被暂停”,halt既可做及物,又可做不及物动词,表示“(使)...停止”,来看一个例句, Safety concerns have led them to halt work on the dam.出于安全考虑,他们停止了对大坝施工。此外,halt一词还常做名词,和不同动词构成短语,频繁出现在外刊文章中。比如,对某事叫停,英文会用:call a halt to sth. 例:我敦促责任方叫停暴力行动。I urge those responsible to call a halt to the violence.


再比如,come/grind/screech to a halt,表示“停止前进或运行”,有时候也可用come to a grinding halt或come to a screeching halt。grind作动词时,表示“发出刺耳的摩擦声”,screech类似,也表示“发出尖利的嘎吱作响声”,用在短语中,嘎吱嘎吱作响后,逐渐停下来的景象就跃然纸上。


例如,《经济学人》在描述家政服务群体对经济产生的影响时:

WITHOUT them many an economy would grind to a halt: the global army of between 50m and 100m domestic workers, most of them women and children.

全球约有五千万到一亿的家政服务大军,如果没有他们,许多经济体会陷入一潭死水。他们中的大多数人是妇女和儿童。


④《新视野大学英语》教材中也有关于该短语的例句:

Nations that take such steps will lose balance. Social and economic progress will grind to a halt and the negative side of this transformation will eliminate more and more jobs.

采取这类措施的国家会失去平衡。社会和经济上的进步会慢慢停滞下来,而且越来越多的工作岗位会因为这种改革的负面作用而消失。


in detail是“细致地,详尽地”,而如何进一步深化细致的程度呢?答案就是在detail前加上相关形容词,比如painstaking,这个词表示“细心的”(done with or employing great care and thoroughness)。


⑤A high or low mark determines life opportunities and earning potential. That score is the most important number of any Chinese child’s life, the culmination ofyears of schooling, memorisation and constant stress.

高考分数的高低决定了未来的人生机遇和收入水平。在每个中国孩子的一生中,高考分数是最重要的指标,是多年求学、记忆新知旧识和升学压力的结晶。



determine表示“决定”,其形容词形式determining(决定性的)也是高频词汇,比如“决定性因素”,a determining factor,亦作a deciding factor。


culmination表示“结果”、“告终”,来源于动词culminate,做“结果,成果”时,可替换result。例:The show marked the culmination of months of hard work.

这场演出标志着几个月艰辛工作的最终成果。


如若想积累更多有关“成果,结果,产物”的词,可看看这篇文章:全新栏目|热点话题翻译思路拆解之5G时代


写作应用

在上面的文本精读中,我们学习了不少短语和句型,在「写作应用」这个板块,我们来一起总结一下:


「(光明的)就业前景」的说法:glittering careers;career prospects;

「某事很残酷」的表达:sth is brutal;

「陷入停滞」的两种表达方式:come to a standstill/halt; come/screech/grind to a halt;

「描述A与B不相上下」的一个短语:be on a par with...;

「决定性因素」的说法:a deciding/determining fator;

「表示“结果”,代替result」的另一个词:culmination。


全文翻译

Is China’s gaokao the world’s toughest school exam?

中国高考——世界最难考试?


Chinese children must endure years of stress and impossible expectations preparing for their final school exam. The students who do best can look forward to glittering careers and even good marriage prospects. But for the less successful, the system is brutal.


在准备学生生涯最后一场考试时,中国的孩子必须忍受长时间的压力和无望的期望。对优胜者而言,高考意味着他们能尽情畅想未来——光明的就业前景和更多的婚恋选择。而对考场失意者而言,高考制度却是残酷的。


For two days in early June every year, China comes to a standstill as high school students who are about to graduate take their college entrance exams. Literally the “higher examination”, the gaokao is a national event on a par with a public holiday, but much less fun. Construction work is halted near examination halls, so as not to disturb the students, and traffic is diverted. Ambulances are on call outside in case of nervous collapses, and police cars patrol to keep the streets quiet. Radio talkshow hosts discuss the format and questions in painstaking detail, and when the results come out, the top scorers are feted nationally. A high or low mark determines life opportunities and earning potential. That score is the most important number of any Chinese child’s life, the culmination of years of schooling, memorisation and constant stress.


每年六月初,随着临近毕业的高中生参加高考,中国总会有两天陷入停滞状态。“高考”一词的字面意思为“高等(学校招生)考试”,是一场全国性考试,影响力堪比法定节假日,但不如后者有趣。高考期间,考场附近的施工活动暂停,以防打扰考生,交通方面实行管制,改道通行。救护车随时待命,以应对晕厥等突发状况的发生。警车巡逻确保街道安静。电台脱口秀主持人极其细致地分析考试格式和题型。结果出炉后,最高分考生将受到全国上下热情款待。得分高低决定了未来的人生机遇和收入水平。在每个中国孩子的一生中,高考分数是最重要的指标,是多年求学、记忆新知旧识和升学压力的结晶。



最后祝所有考生高考大捷!迎接下一阶段,闪闪发光的大学生涯!



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