怎样写好英文论文的 Introduction 部分？

随着越来越多的同学开始考研和考博，2022年的全国报考人数为457万，较2021年增加21%。这也就意味着更多的同学需要写作和发表SCI论文。那么我们如何才能顺利发表论文呢？引人入胜的引言是必不可少的。因为引言是一篇成功的 SCI 论文的重要组成部分。 它为论文的其余部分定下了基调，并且好的引言还可以吸引读者的注意力和兴趣，提高论文的送审和接受概率。这里，侯老师用自己多年的写作，润色经验，给大家整理得了如何撰写有吸引力的Introduction一些技巧，话不多说，直接上干货。

1. 从一个钩子开始：以一个吸引读者注意力的钩子开始介绍。 这可能是一个令人惊讶的事实、一个挑衅性的问题或与该主题相关的但违反常识的统计数据。以下是3个例子。

例子 1: "About 60% of the world's population now has no access to the internet. This rapid growth in internet access has profoundly impacted our daily lives and is transforming how we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "Have you ever wondered how memories are formed and stored in the brain? Despite decades of research, memory formation mechanisms remain largely unknown."

例子 3: "In 2012, a severe drought in the United States led to the worst crop failure in decades. The drought had devastating effects on farmers and the economy, raising questions about the future of agriculture in a changing climate."

以例子1为例分析说明，首先能够写作和发表SCI论文的人一定是可以上网的人，那么以中国为例，大家都会觉得应该几乎人人都可以接触网络。但是这里给出了一个令我们感到意外的事情，60%的人不能上网，很好的引起的读者的兴趣和好奇心。是一个很好的钩子。

2. 陈述论文的目的：清楚地陈述论文的目的和所要解决的研究问题。 这将使读者清楚地了解本文其余部分的内容。

例子 1: "This study aims to investigate the impact of internet access on daily life, focusing on the ways in which it has changed the way we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "The goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory formation by conducting experiments to test different theories."

例子 3: "The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of drought on agriculture and to develop strategies for improving drought resilience in the future."

分析，这些例子都是非常直接并且明确的告诉了读者，这篇文章的研究内容是什么。常用的词语可以是aims to， focus on, the purpose of, to study, in order to avoid/investigate等。关键点是明确的告诉读者你研究的是什么。

3. 提供背景信息：向读者提供有关该主题的一些背景信息及其重要性。 这有助于建立背景并确定研究的相关性。

例子 1: "The growth of the internet has been rapid and widespread, with more and more people connecting to the web every day. Despite the many benefits of internet access, there are also concerns about its impact on privacy, security, and the future of work."

例子 2: "The study of memory is one of the oldest and most important research areas in neuroscience. Despite many advances, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of memory formation is still incomplete."

例子 3: "Agriculture is a critical component of the global economy and provides food for billions of people. However, agriculture is also vulnerable to climate change, with droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events becoming more common in many regions."

写作背景信息的时候，如果是综合性期刊，不能只说自己的小领域，还需要照顾到大同行，因此需要稍微详细的介绍。但是如果目标期刊是专业性期刊，那么背景信息就可以更加精简。同时背景信息的多少还和你的论文类型有关系。如果你写得是全文（full article），那么背景信息就需要多谢一些。如果是通讯/快报（communication/letters）,背景信息相对会更加精炼和集中。

4. 突出当前知识的空白：确定该领域当前知识的空白，并解释你的研究旨在如何填补这一空白。 这将向读者展示自己的研究的重要性以及为什么值得他们关注。

例子 1: "While there is a growing body of research on the impact of internet access, little is known about the specific ways in which it is changing the way we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "Despite decades of research, memory formation mechanisms remain largely unknown. In particular, there is a need for more research on the role of different brain regions and the interactions between them."

例子 3: "Despite the importance of agriculture, there is a lack of research on strategies for improving drought resilience in the face of a changing climate. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the impact of drought on agriculture and developing strategies for improvement."

没有空白或者需要解决的问题，我们就没有研究的必要。所以我们必须结合自己的研究内容，写出相应的空白。比如例子 1中， little is known about the specific ways in which it is changing the way we work, play, and communicate，就指出了现在需要研究什么，解决什么问题。

5. 如果你的论文很长，那么通常在写作introduction的时候还需要概述论文的结构：简要概述论文的结构以及每个部分将涵盖的内容。 这有助于让读者清楚地知道会发生什么，并有助于建立论文的整体结构。

例子 1: "The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides a review of the literature on the impact of internet access, Section 3 presents the methodology for the study, Section 4 discusses the results, and Section 5 provides conclusions and recommendations for future research."

例子 2: "The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of the theories of memory formation, Section 3 describes the experiments conducted, Section 4 presents the results, and Section 5 discusses the implications of the findings and future directions for research."

例子 3: "The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides a review of the literature on drought and agriculture, Section 3 describes the methods used to analyze the impact of drought, Section 4 presents the results, and Section 5 provides conclusions and recommendations for future research."

这里面大家也可以实用副标题来帮助读者可以更好的get到你想要表达的中心内容。比如characterization of XX, application of XX等。

6. 保持简洁：使introdcution简洁明了，突出自己的研究意义。 避免包括将在本文后面介绍的细节，并专注于吸引读者兴趣和理解所必需的关键要素。

例子 1: "The impact of internet access on our daily lives is a growing interest, with new developments and applications emerging daily. In this paper, we aim to shed light on how internet access is transforming how we work, play, and communicate."

例子 2: "Unlocking the secrets of memory formation is a challenge that has captivated scientists for centuries. In this paper, we present a series of experiments that advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory formation and provide new insights into this complex and fascinating process."

例子 3: "Drought is a growing concern for farmers and the global economy, with droughts expected to increase in the coming decades. In this paper, we explore the impact of drought on agriculture and identify strategies for improving drought resilience in the future."

很多时候有些同学总是被审稿人diss说自己的研究内容没有什么意义，没有创新。很多时候是在写作introduction的时候，没有注意提升或者点明自己的研究意义，而审稿人不会自己去发现，因为他很多时候就是默认你没写就是没有。上面例子加粗字体部分都是很好的突出自己的研究意义，简单来说就是告诉审稿人，我们的这个研究可以怎么提高/推进某些认知和填补某些空白。和前面我们讲的写出空白的内容相呼应。

侯老师简介：中科学博士，洪堡学者，西班牙Juan de Cierva Incorporación获得者。欧洲7年+工作经验，以前笔名：心若止水。

SCI论文翻译润色加我微信：keyanren2020