86．西木居尔家族

节选翻译自The new Islamic dynasties：A chronological and genealogical manual，Clifford Edmund Bosworth（克利福德•埃德蒙•博斯沃思）著，86.The Simjurids

[1] 俗称阿布·阿里·西木居里

[1] 意为总长官、大元帅，阿拉伯世界高级头衔、官职。最初为哈里发穆克塔迪尔封给突厥将领穆尼斯·穆赞法尔，后在白益王朝时期被授予每位白益统治者。总埃米尔的职权有：统帅全军，掌握全国钱粮赋税、矿山出产，总揽全国政教大权，全国伊玛目在虎土白时必须为其祈祷、诵念其名（摘自纳忠《阿拉伯通史》上，600-601页）

西木居尔家族之发迹，最初是从作为萨曼王朝的军奴[1] 开始的。家族创建者西木居尔曾经作为伊斯玛仪在一些仪式上的持砚者[2] （达瓦提）；他在萨曼王朝短暂驱逐萨法尔王朝、占领锡斯坦时逐渐崭露头角。此后，该家族在十世纪萨曼王朝与波斯北部、东部之敌的战争中始终占有十分重要的地位。他们经常担任呼罗珊总督，其领土的基础为（萨曼王朝）授予在库希斯坦的私人土地，他们最终卷入了萨曼王朝分裂的混乱政局中，在这之后，该家族多半不再被提及。

[1] 即古拉姆（ghulam）

[2] 原文为the ceremonial  ink-stand bearer，ink-stand为墨水壶之意，换成中国背景即是砚台（个人理解）

原文很短，一并附之

The Sīmjūrids began as Turkish military slaves of the Sāmānids (see above,no. 83),Sīmjūr being the ceremonial ink-stand bearer (dawātī) of Isma’il ibnAḥmad. He rose to prominence when the Sāmānids temporarily drove out the Ṣaffārids (see above, no. 84) and occupied Sistan. Thereafter, the family were prominent throughout the tenth century in the warfare of the Sāmānids with their enemies in northern and eastern Persia, often as governors in Khurasan and with a territorial base in their Quhistān estates, and were finally involvedin the chaos there as the Sāmānid amirate broke up, after which the family largely drops out of mention

原文引用资料

Sachau, 11 no. 15; Zambaur, 205.

EI 2 ‘Simdjūrids’ (CE. Bosworth).

Erdoğan Merçil, Sîmcûrîler, n.p. n.d. = a series of articles in Tarih Dergisi, no. 32 (1979),71–88; Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, nos 10–11 (1979–80), 91–6; Tarih Dergisi, no. 33(1980–1), 115–32; Belleten, 49, no. 195 (1985), 547; and Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 13(1989), 123–38, with a genealogical table at p. 138.

掌印者这个翻译比我这个合理