如此这般这般如此(三):屁股影响脑袋
中胚层来源的神经系统
原文:
Age-associated changes in lineage composition of the enteric nervous system regulate gut health and disease
肠神经系统(ENS)是人体内的第二大神经系统。哺乳动物出生前肠神经系统是神经嵴衍生物,然而在出生后会逐渐被中胚层来源的神经元取代,二者的比例会逐渐发生变化。并且这种比例与成熟衰老都有关——在衰老的过程中中胚层来源的神经会逐渐超过神经嵴发育来的神经(成年小鼠中大概一般的ENS是神经嵴来源的),同时与肠道蠕动有密切关系。

MET immunostaining (green) labels (a) Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato- MENs and (b) a population of Mesp1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato+ MENs (white arrow) while not labeling all MENs (red arrow).
(c) RET immunostaining (green) only labels Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato+ NENs (green arrow) and not tdTomato- MENs (white arrows).
(d) NOS1 is expressed by both tdTomato+ NENs (red, white arrows) and tdTomato- MENs (blue arrows) in an adult Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato mouse, but most MENs do not express NOS1 (marked by *).
(e) NEN lineage contains significantly higher proportions of NOS1+ neurons compared to MEN lineage in Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato mice. Data represent mean ± S.E.M. p < 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test.
(f) ChAT is expressed by both tdTomato+ NENs (red, white arrows) and tdTomato- MENs (blue arrows) in an adult Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato mouse.
(g) NEN lineage contains significantly higher proportions of ChAT+ neurons compared to MEN lineage in Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato mice. Data represent mean ± S.E.M. p < 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test.
(h) Both tdTomato+ (red) and tdTomato- neurons in the myenteric plexus of an adult Wnt1- cre:Rosa26-tdTomato mouse (Hu, green) express CGRP (blue) Inset showing a tdTomato- CGRP+ neuron (white arrow) is magnified on the right.
(i) MEN lineage contains significantly higher proportions of CGRP+ neurons compared to NEN lineage in Wnt1-cre:Rosa26-tdTomato male mice. Data represent mean ± S.E.M. p < 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test.
Nuclei in (b) and (c) are labeled with DAPI (blue). Scale bar for all images denotes 10 µm.

只因拟态美
原文
Beetle grows ‘termite’ on back to steal food
,未找到具体的论文
在澳洲北领地发现的隐翅虫新种,Austrospirachtha carrijoi 寄生在白蚁巢中,为此其腹部发生了极为逆天的特化:通过膨胀腹部产生了类似白蚁的拟态。这可能有助于其通过白蚁的触碰识别机制。寄生物同样可以吸收白蚁巢穴的表皮碳氢化合物来进一步伪装自己。不过寄生物的口器很小,推测可能依赖于工蚁喂食而非主动袭击卵幼。

