【龙腾网】Nasdaq网站文章：如何投资量子计算，以及哪些公司在领路？

正文翻译

Quantum Computing: How To Invest In It, And Which Companies Are Leading the Way?
Contributor
Prableen Bajpai
Published
Feb 11, 2020 3:00PM EST

Nasdaq网站文章：如何投资量子计算，以及哪些公司在领路？

“Insight must precede application.” ~ Max Planck, Father of Quantum Physics

“洞察必须先于应用。”---------量子物理之父马克斯·普朗克

Quantum computing is no ordinary technology. It has attracted huge interest at the national level with funding from governments. Today, some of the biggest technology giants are working on the technology, investing substantial sums into research and development and collaborating with state agencies and corporates for various projects across industries.

量子计算不是普通的技术。 它在国家一级引起了极大的兴趣，得到了政府的资助。 今天，一些最大的技术巨头正在瞄准这项技术，投资大量资金进行研究和开发，并与国家机构和公司合作，开展跨行业的各种项目。

Here’s an overview of quantum computing as well as the players exploring this revolutionary technology, and ways to invest in it.

本文是量子计算的一个概述，谈论正在探索这种革命性技术的玩家，以及投资量子计算的方法。

Understanding Quantum Computing

理解量子计算

It is believed that quantum computing will have a huge impact on areas such as logistics, military affairs, pharmaceuticals (drug design and discovery), aerospace (designing), utilities (nuclear fusion), financial modeling, chemicals (polymer design), Artificial Intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, fault detection, Big Data, and capital goods, especially digital manufacturing. The productivity gains by end users of quantum computing, in the form of both cost savings and revenue opportunities, are expected to surpass $450 billion annually.

相信量子计算将对物流，军事，制药（药物设计和研发)，航空航天(设计)，公用事业(核聚变)，金融建模，化学品(聚合物设计），人工智能(AI)，网络安全，故障检测，大数据和资本货物，特别是数字制造等领域产生巨大影响。 量子计算的最终用户将以节省成本和创造收入机会的形式获得生产收益，预计每年将超过4500亿美元。

“It will be a slow build for the next few years: we anticipate value for end users in these sectors to reach a relatively modest $2 billion to $5 billion by 2024. But value will then increase rapidly as the technology and its commercial viability mature,” reports BCG. 

“未来几年，这将是一个缓慢的发展：我们预计，到2024年这些部门的最终用户的价值将达到相对适中的20亿至50亿美元。 但随着技术及其商业可行性的成熟，价值将迅速增加。”BCG报告。

The market for quantum computing is projected to reach $64.98 billion by 2030 from just $507.1 million in 2019, growing at a CAGR of 56.0% during the forecast period (2020–2030). According to a CIR estimate, revenue from quantum computing is pegged at $8 billion by 2027.

预计到2030年量子计算市场将达到649.8亿美元，而2019年仅为5.071亿美元，在预测期间（2020-2030年）的年复合增长率（CAGR）为56.0%。 根据CIR的估计，到2027年量子计算的收入将固定在80亿美元。

Which Nations Are Investing In Quantum Computing?

哪些国家正在投资于量子计算？

To gain the quantum advantage, China has been at the forefront of the technology. The first quantum satellite was launched by China in 2016. A paper by The Center for a New American Security (CNAS) highlights how, “China is positioning itself as a powerhouse in quantum science.”

为了获得量子优势，中国已经走在技术前沿。 中国于2016年发射了第一颗量子卫星。 新美国安全中心(CNAS)的一篇论文强调，“中国正在将自己定位为量子科学强国。”

Understanding the strategic potential that quantum science holds, U.S., Germany, Russia, India and European unx have intensified efforts towards quantum computing. In the U.S., President Trump established the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee in 2019 in accordance with the National Quantum Initiative Act, signed into law in late 2018, which authorizes $1.2 billion to be spent on the quantum science over the next five years.

了解到量子科学所具有的战略潜力，美国、德国、俄罗斯、印度和欧盟加强了对量子计算的努力。 在美国，特朗普总统于2019年成立了国家量子倡议咨询委员会，这是根据2018年底签署的成为法律的国家量子倡议法案而成立的，该法案授权12亿美元在未来五年内用于量子科学。

The Indian government in its 2020 budget has announced a National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications with a total budget outlay of INR 8000 crore ($1.12 billion) for a period of five years while Europe has a €1 billion initiative providing funding for the entire quantum value chain over the next ten years. In October 2019, the first prototype of a quantum computer was launched in Russia while in Germany, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Europe’s leading organization for applied research, partnered with IBM for advance research in the field of quantum computing.

印度政府在其2020年预算中宣布了一个全国量子技术与应用使命，其预算总支出为11.2亿美元，为期五年。而欧洲有一个10亿欧元的倡议，为未来十年的整个量子价值链提供资金。 2019年10月，第一个量子计算机原型在俄罗斯推出，而在德国，欧洲领先的应用研究组织Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft与IBM合作，在量子计算领域进行了深入研究。

The Companies Leading the Way

领路的公司

IBM has been one of the pioneers in the field of quantum computing. In January 2019, IBM (IBM) unveiled the IBM Q System One, the world's first integrated universal approximate quantum computing system designed for scientific and commercial use. In September it opened the IBM quantum computation center in New York to expand its quantum computing systems for commercial and research activity. It has also recently invested in Cambridge Quantum Computing, which was one of the first startups to become a part of IBM’s Q Network in 2018.

IBM一直是量子计算领域的先驱之一。 在2019年1月，IBM推出了IBMQ System One，这是世界上第一个为科学和商业用途设计的集成通用近似量子计算系统。 今年9月，它在纽约开设了IBM量子计算中心，以扩大其用于商业和研究活动的量子计算系统。 它最近还投资了剑桥量子计算，这是2018年首批成为IBMQ网络一部分的初创企业之一。

In October 2019, Google (GOOG, GOOGL) made an announcement claiming the achievement of "quantum supremacy." It published the results of this quantum supremacy experiment in the Nature article, “Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor.” The term "quantum supremacy" was coined in 2012 by John Preskill. He wrote, one way to achieve quantum supremacy would be “to run an algorithm on a quantum computer which solves a problem with a super-polynomial speedup relative to classical computers.” The claim was countered by IBM.

2019年10月，谷歌宣布实现了“量子霸权。” 它在《自然》的一篇文章中发表了这一量子霸权的结果：“量子霸权使用了可编程超导处理器”，“量子霸权”一词是由John Preskill于2012年发明的， 他写道实现量子霸权的一种方法是“在量子计算机上运行一种算法来解决某个问题，相对于经典计算机，它有超多项式的加速。”IBM抵制谷歌实现“量子霸权”的说法。

In addition, companies such as Microsoft (MSFT), Alibaba (BABA), Tencent (TCEHY), Nokia (NOK), Airbus, HP (HPQ), AT&T (T) Toshiba, Mitsubishi, SK Telecom, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Righetti, Biogen, Volkswagen and Amgen are researching and working on applications of quantum computing.

此外，微软、阿里巴巴、腾讯、诺基亚、空客、惠普、AT&T、东芝、三菱、SK电信、雷声公司、洛克希德马丁、Biogen、大众和Amgen等公司正在研究量子计算的应用。

Final Word

最后的话

While quantum computing is not mainstream yet, the quest to harness its potential is on, and the constant progress made is shrinking the gap between research labs and real-world applications.

虽然量子计算尚未成为主流，利用其潜力的努力仍在继续，但不断取得的进展正在缩小研究实验室与现实世界应用之间的差距。