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多邻国世界语新版tips and notes adjectives 形容词篇(中英对照)

2019-09-14 23:27 作者:汪哲咚汪  | 我要投稿

Adjectives

形容词

An adjective takes the -a ending and has to agree in number with the noun it modifies:

形容词以“-a”结尾,要和它所修饰的名词的数保持一致:

  • bona homo = a good person(一个好人)

  • bonaj homoj = good people(一些好人)

  • Homoj estas bonaj. = People are good.(人们是好的)

An adjective that modifies an object also takes the -n (direct object) ending:

形容词要是修饰宾语,它也要在后面加上宾格词尾“-n”:

Mi manĝas belajn kukojn. = I eat beautiful cakes. (我吃一些漂亮的蛋糕)

In summary, an adjective's ending must match the ending of the noun it modifies. 

总的来说,形容词的词尾必须和它所修饰的名词相搭配

Word Order

词序

Word order in Esperanto can be flexible. Adjectives usually go before the noun, but they may sometimes be placed after the noun for special emphasis. Both of the following sentences are correct: 

世界语的词序很灵活,形容词通常跟在名词的前面,但是有时为了特别强调,形容词有时候也会放在名词的后面。所以,下面的句子都是正确的:

Ŝi estas bona instruisto. 
Ŝi estas instruisto bona.
She is a good teacher.

她是个好老师

Adjectives into verbs

形容词化为动词

In Esperanto, many (but not all) adjectives can be transformed into verbs, and are often used that way in conversations and in written texts. Here are a few of the adjectives that are frequently used in their verb forms:

在世界语里有很多形容词(并非全部)可以转化为动词,这种用法通常是用在对话和书面文本中,下面是几个通常以动词形式出现的形容词:

Mi estas preta. = Mi pretas. = I am ready. (我准备好了)
Li estas malsana. = Li malsanas. = He is sick. (他病了)
Ŝi estas feliĉa. = Ŝi feliĉas. = She is happy.(她高兴)
Ni estas fieraj. = Ni fieras. = We are proud.(我们很骄傲)
Ili estas lacaj. = Ili lacas. = They are tired.(他们累了)

Mal-

The prefix mal- simply means “opposite”. It does not mean “bad” as in some romance languages. 

前缀mal-的大致意思是“相反”。不像一些罗曼语族的语言,mal-的意思并不是“坏”

granda = big, large(大)
malgranda = small, little(小)
fermi = to close(关闭)
malfermi = to open(开启)

Paired conjunctions:

成对的连词:

Correlatives with -ia

以“-ia”结尾的表解词

Correlatives ending in -ia refer to a kind, sort, or type of something. They are adjectives and take the -j and -n endings where needed:

以“-ia”结尾的表解词指代某物的种类、品质或者类型。它们也是形容词,所以在有需要的时候,它们也要加上词尾“-j”或者“-n”:

Kiajn librojn vi ŝatas legi?
What kinds of books do you like to read?

你喜欢看什么类型的书本?

原文:www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Adjectives-1/tips-and-notes

翻译:vanilo

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