英文科技论文写作样式指南-标点符号之横杠（dashes）
英文科技论文写作样式指南-标点符号之横杠（dashes）
本文英文内容摘自
"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"
第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）
第9章（9. Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling）
第124–126页
Dashes
横杠
The shortest dash is the hyphen (-); the en dash (–) is longer; and the em dash (—) is the longest. Hyphens are discussed in the section on hyphenation in Chapter 10, starting on p 135.
最短的是连字符（-），连接号（–）较长，破折号（—）最长。从第135页开始，第10章中关于连字符的部分讨论了连字符。
En Dash
连接号
Ø Use an en dash to mean the equivalent of “and”, “to”, or “versus” in multiword concepts where the words are of equal weight.
Ø 在多词概念中，当单词权重相等时，用连接号表示“and”、“to”或“versus”的等价词。
示例
acid–base titration
bromine–olefin complex
carbon–oxygen bond
cis–trans isomerization
cost–benefit analysis
log–normal function
metal–ligand complex
metal–metal bonding
nickel–cadmium battery
oxidation–reduction potential
producer–user communication
pump–probe technique
dose–response relationship
ethanol–ether mixture
freeze–pump–thaw degassed
helix–coil transition
host–guest complexation
red–black dichroic crystals
structure–activity relationship
structure–property relationship
temperature–time curve
vapor–liquid equilibrium
winter–fall maxima
0–t–∞ sequence
例外
Use a hyphen for color combinations such as blue-green. See Chapter 10, page 140.
对于颜色的组合如blue-green使用连字符。参阅第10章第140页。
Ø Use an en dash to mean “to” or “through” with a span of three or more numerals or other types of ranges.
Ø 使用连接号表示“to”或“through”，跨度为三个或三个以上数字或其它类型的范围。
示例
12–20 months Figures 1–4 5–50 kg
sections 1b–1 fparts C–E compounds A–I
Lyon and co-workers (23–26) Lyon and co-workers23a–d
例外1
When either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash.
当一个或两个数字都为负数或包含一个修改数字的符号时，请使用单词“to”或“through”，而不是连接号。
示例
–20 to +120 K –145 to –30 °C ≈50 to 60
10 to >600 mL <5 to 15 mg
例外2
Do not use an en dash when the word “from” or “between” is used.
当使用单词“from”或“between”时，不要使用连接号。
示例
from 500 to 600 mL（而非from 500–600 mL）
between 7 and 10 days（而非between 7–10 days）
Ø Use an en dash to link the names of two or more persons of equal importance used as a modifier.
Ø 使用连接号将两个或两个以上同等重要的人的名字连接起来，用作修饰语。
示例
Bednorz–Müller theory
Beer–Lambert law
Bose–Einstein statistics
Debye–Hückel theory
Diels–Alder reaction
Fermi–Dirac statistics
Fischer–Tropsch effect
Fisher–Johns hypothesis
Flory–Huggins interaction
Franck–Condon factor
Friedel–Crafts reaction
Geiger–Müller effect
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
Jahn–Teller effect
Lee–Yang–Parr method
Lineweaver–Burk method
Mark–Houwink plot
Meerwein–Ponndorf theory
Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Stern–Volmer plot
van’t Hoff–Le Bel theory
Wolff–Kishner theory
Young–Laplace equation
Ziegler–Natta-type catalyst
Treatment of double surnames is covered in Chapter 10 (p 139).
第10章（第139页）介绍了双姓的处理方法。
Ø Use an en dash between components of a mixed solvent. (A slash can also be used.)
Ø 在混合溶剂的成分之间使连接号。（亦可使用斜杠。）
例1：The melting point was unchanged after four crystallizations from hexane–benzene.
Em Dash
破折号
Ø Use em dashes to set off words that would be misunderstood without them.
Ø 使用破折号来解释没有它们会被误解的单词。
错误示例1： All three experimental parameters, temperature, time, and concentration, were strictly followed.
正确示例1： All three experimental parameters—temperature, time, and concentration—were strictly followed.
Ø Do not use em dashes to separate phrases or nonrestrictive clauses if another form of punctuation can be used.
Ø 如果可以使用其他形式的标点符号，请不要使用破折号分隔短语或非限制性从句。
错误示例1：Knauth—not Stevens—obtained good correlation of results and calculations.
正确示例1：Knauth, not Stevens, obtained good correlation of results and calculations.
错误示例2：The singly charged complexes—which constituted bands 1 and 3—liberated maleate anion upon decomposition.
正确示例2：The singly charged complexes, which constituted bands 1 and 3, liberated maleate anion upon decomposition.
