刘彬20000词汇巅峰速记

20000 词汇巅峰速记营 词汇记忆 第 14 节 本节课目标 1、掌握词根-val，-vail 的含义 2、掌握核心词汇 词根-val，-vail =worth 价值；strong：强壮 available [ə'veɪləb(ə)l] adj. 能找到的；可获得的；有空的；空闲的 623 助记：a（加强语气）+vail（=value=worth：价值）+able（可以）→有价值→可利用的、现 成的 （= at one’s disposal：任由某人处理、使用） 释义和用法： 1）能找到的；可获得的 If something you want or need is available, you can find it or obtain it. 2）有空的；有暇的 Someone who is available is not busy and is therefore free to talk to you or to do a particular task. 搭配：options available（考）：可有的选择 facilities available（考）：可用的设备 写作例句：在过去的几年内，中国人民积累了巨大的财富，因此也有更多可用的钱去买想要 的数字化产品。 Within the past few years, people in China have experienced a great wealth accumulation and therefore have more money available to afford the digital products desired. avail [ə'veɪl] vi. 有用，有利 14789 词源：c. 1300, availen, "to help (someone), assist; benefit, be profitable to; be for the advantage of; have force or efficacy, serve for a purpose," apparently an Anglo-French compound of Old French a- "to" (see ad-) + vaill-, present stem of valoir "be worth," from Latin valere "be strong, be worth" (from PIE root *wal- "to be strong"). Related: Availed; availing. As a noun, from c. 1400. 释义和用法： 1）有帮助；有益；有用(formal, or old-fashioned) to be helpful or useful to sb. 2）毫无用处;没效果 If you do something to no avail or to little avail, what you do fails to achieve what you want. 3）接受（提议）；利用（机会） If you avail yourself of an offer or an opportunity, you accept the offer or make use of the opportunity. 例句：Guests should feel at liberty to avail themselves of your facilities. 宾客们应该可以随意使用你们的各种设施。 availability [ə,veɪlə'bɪlətɪ] n. 可用性；有效性；实用性 4835 worth [wɜ:θ] adj. 值…的；n. 价值；意义 1360 释义和用法： （1）值…钱 If something is worth a particular amount of money, it can be sold for that amount or is considered to have that value. （2）值得(拥有) If you say that something is worth having, you mean that it is pleasant or useful, and therefore a good thing to have. （3）具有(某一行动)的价值;值得(做) If something is worth a particular action, or if an action is worth doing, it is considered to be important enough for that action. （4）(N-UNCOUNT) (某人的)价值，意义，重要性 Someone's worth is the value, usefulness, or importance that they are considered to have. Their contribution was of great worth. 他们的贡献具有伟大的意义。 worthy [ˈwə:ði] adj. 有价值的；值得的；可尊敬的；应该获得…的； 5165 释义和用法： 1）值得…的;应该获得…的 If a person or thing is worthy of something, they deserve it because they have the qualities or abilities required. 2）值得尊敬的;可敬的；令人称许的 A worthy person or thing is approved of by most people in society and considered to be morally respectable or correct. 搭配：be worthy of（考）：值得 worthy of admiration and respect（考）：值得崇敬和尊重 worthless[ˈwə:θlɪs] adj. 无价值的；不值钱的；一无是处的； 9042 释义和用法： 1）无价值的；不值钱的；没用处的 Something that is worthless is of no real value or use. 2）一无是处的；不中用的 Someone who is described as worthless is considered to have no good qualities or skills. 例如：You feel you really are completely worthless and unlovable. 你会觉得自己真是毫无价值，一点也不讨人喜欢。 worthwhile [wɜ:θ'waɪl] adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 7072 助记：worth（值得）+while（一会儿，时间）→值得花时间的、值得做的 释义和用法： 有价值的;令人愉快的；值得花费时间（或金钱、精力）的 If something is worthwhile, it is enjoyable or useful, and worth the time, money, or effort that is spent on it. 例如：a worthwhile movie that was compelling enough to watch again... 非常吸引人、值得再看一遍的精彩影片 unworthy [ʌn'wɜ:ðɪ] adj. 不值得的；配不上的；不相称的 15223 释义和用法： （1）不值得的；配不上的 If a person or thing is unworthy of something good, they do not deserve it. 例如：He felt unworthy of being married to such an attractive woman. 他觉得自己 不配娶这么迷人的女人 （2）不相称的；与（某人）身份不相符的 If you say that an action is unworthy of someone, you mean that it is not a nice thing to do and someone with their reputation or position should not do it. 例如：His accusations are unworthy of a prime minister. 他的指责与其首相身份不相称。 noteworthy ['nəʊtwɜ:ðɪ] adj. 显著的；值得注意的 9678 释义和用法： 值得注意的；显著的；有趣的 A fact or event that is noteworthy is interesting, remarkable, or significant in some way. 例如：It is noteworthy that the programme has been shifted from its original August slot to July... 值得注意的是该节目已从原来 8 月份的档期换到了 7 月份。 值得尊敬的人 形式主语 that 引导的从句为真 正主语 slot （1）(时间表、计划中的)时段，位置 A slot in a schedule or scheme is a place in it where an activity can take place. 例如：The first episode occupies a peak evening viewing slot. 第一集 占据了傍晚的一个黄金收视时段。 （2）(机器或容器上的)狭缝，狭孔 A slot is a narrow opening in a machine or container, for example a hole that you put coins in to make a machine work. 例如：He dropped a coin into the slot and dialed. 他往投币孔里投了一枚硬币，然后拨了电话。 self-worth ['self'wə:θ] n. 自我价值感 16288 释义和用法： 自我价值感 Self-worth is the feeling that you have good qualities and have achieved good things. 例如：Try not to link your sense of self-worth to the opinions of others. 尽量不要把你的自我价 值感和别人的意见联系起来。 trustworthy ['trʌs(t)wɜ:ðɪ] adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 13466 释义和用法： 可信赖的；值得信赖的；可靠的 A trustworthy person is reliable, responsible, and can be trusted completely. 例如：He is a trustworthy and level-headed leader. 他是个头脑冷静、值得信赖的 领导。 level-headed 头脑冷静的；稳健的 If you describe a person as level-headed, you mean that they are calm and sensible even in difficult situations. prevail [prɪ'veɪl] vi. 盛行，流行；占上风；占优势；获胜 4795 助记：pre（以前）+vail（=power，strong：实力、力量）→以前有实力、势力→“盛”极一时 →盛行、流行；占上风 词源：c. 1400, "be successful; be efficacious," from Old French prevaleir (Modern French prévaloir) and directly from Latin praevalere "be stronger, have greater power," from prae "before" (see pre-) + valere "have power, be strong" (from PIE root *wal- "to be strong"). Spelling in English perhaps influenced by avail. Related: Prevailed; prevailing. 释义和用法： 1）（提议、原则、观点）占上风，占优势，获胜，被接受 If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument. 例如：We hope that common sense would prevail. 我们希望情理会占上风。 2）（情形、态度、风俗）盛行，流行，普遍 If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time. 例如：A similar situation prevails in America. 相似的情况在美国随处可见。 3）（在战斗、竞赛、争论中）获胜，取胜 If one side in a battle, contest, or dispute prevails, it wins. 例如：I do hope he will prevail over the rebels. 我确实希望他能战胜叛乱者。 prevailing [prɪ'veɪlɪŋ] adj. 一般的，普通的；盛行的；（风）常刮的 6883 释义和用法： 1）existing or most common at a particular time 普遍的；盛行的；流行的； 例如：the attitude towards science prevailing at the time 当时对科学的流行看法 The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guilty.一般人的看法似乎认为她会被判 有罪。 2）the prevailing wind in an area is the one that blows over it most frequently （指风）一地区常 刮的，盛行的 搭配：a prevailing trend（考）：一个流行的趋势 prevalent ['prev(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 流行的；盛行的；普遍的 7094 助记：pre（以前）+val（=power：力量、实力）+ent（形容词后缀）→以前有权有势的家族 →“盛”极一时的、盛行的、流行的 释义和用法： 流行的；盛行的；普遍的 A condition, practice, or belief that is prevalent is common. 例如： Smoking is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger women... 抽烟在年轻女性中变得 越来越常见。 搭配：prevalent myths（考）：盛行的神话 写作例句：如今，浪费现象在大学里非常流行，并且很严重。 Nowadays, waste is quite prevalent and serious on campus. prevalence ['prevələns] n. 流行；普遍；广泛 7589 value ['vælju:] n. 价值；重要性；vt. 重视；珍惜；给…估价 500 释义和用法： （1）重要性；有用性；益处 The value of something such as a quality, attitude, or method is its importance or usefulness. If you place a particular value on something, that is the importance or usefulness you think it has. （2）(VERB) 认为…重要；重视；珍视 If you value something or someone, you think that they are important and you appreciate them. 例如：If you value your health then you'll start being a little kinder to yourself. 如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。 （3）(VERB) 给…估价；给…定价 When experts value something, they decide how much money it is worth. 例如：I asked him if he would have my jewellery valued for insurance purposes. 我问他能否给我的珠宝进行保险估价。 values ['væljuz] n. 价值观；道德标准 释义和用法： 价值观；道德标准 The values of a person or group are the moral principles and beliefs that they think are important. 例如：The countries of South Asia also share many common values. 南亚各 国也有许多相同的价值观。 搭配：conventional values（考）：传统的价值观 valued ['vælju:d] adj. 贵重的；宝贵的；经估价的；重要的 15704 valuable ['væljʊəb(ə)l] adj. 贵重的；有价值的；可估价的 2628 释义和用法： （1）有价值的；有益的；有用的 If you describe something or someone as valuable, you mean 【课堂笔记】 动词 prevail → 形容词 prevalent 形容词后缀 【课堂笔记】 -ance -ence -ancy 名词后缀；没有实际含义 -ency 重视/认为某事有价值/重要 that they are very useful and helpful 例如：If you decide to do you own make-up, here are a few valuable tips that will help you look your best.如果你决定自己化妆，这里有一些有用的小窍门， 可以帮助你呈现最美的一面。 （2）贵重的；值钱的 Valuable objects are objects which are worth a lot of money. 例如：Just because a camera is old does not mean it is valuable. 古旧的相机不一定就值钱。 valuation [væljʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 计算；评价，估价 11129 释义和用法： 估价；估值 A valuation is a judgment that someone makes about how much money something is worth. 例如：an independent valuation of the company. 对这家公司的独立评估 value-added [,vælju'ædɪd] adj. 增值的 18244 搭配：a value-added tax 增值税 undervalue [ʌndə'vælju:] vt. 低估...之价值；看轻 18722 助记：under（达不到；不够）+value（估计；估值）→低估了价值；看轻 释义和用法： 低估；轻视；小看 If you undervalue something or someone, you fail to recognize how valuable or important they are. 例如：We must never undervalue freedom. 我们决不能低估自由的价值。 devalue [di:'vælju:] vt. 使贬值；降低…的价值 14343 助记：de（=down：下降）+value（价值）→价值下降→贬值；贬低 释义和用法： 1）降低…的价值；贬低 To devalue something means to cause it to be thought less impressive or less deserving of respect. 例如：They spread tales about her in an attempt to devalue her work... 他们散布一些有关她的流言，企图贬低她的工作。 传说；流言 2）使(货币)贬值 To devalue the currency of a country means to reduce its value in relation to other currencies. 例如：India has devalued the Rupee by about eleven percent. 印度已将卢比贬 值了约 11%。 devaluation [,di:væljʊ'eɪʃən] n. 货币贬值 15794 evaluate [ɪ'væljʊeɪt] vt. 评价；估价；求…的值 2360 助记：e（=ex：出来）+valu（=value：价值）+ate（使动词）→使价值弄出来→评价、评估 释义和用法： 评估；评价 If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a judgment about them, for example about how good or bad they are. 例如：The market situation is difficult to evaluate. 市场状况难以评价。 例句：Boasting a print ________ of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, behind the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. A evaluation B expansion C circulation D dimension 【课堂笔记】 动词 valuate→ 名词 valuation 复合后缀=ate+ion (字母 e 不发音，省略掉) 【课堂笔记】 undervalue 低估…的价值 devalue 使贬值 解析：原文翻译“ 《纽约时报》是美国发行量第三的报纸，仅次于《华尔街日报》和《今日 美国》。他们声称工作日可以发售 99500 分报纸，周日可发售 140 万份。”故选 C， circulation：流通、发行；A：评估；B：扩张；D：维、尺寸 evaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn] n. 评价；估价；评估；求值 2374 evaluative [ɪ'væljʊ,etɪv] adj. 评价的；评估的 17728 evaluator [i'væljueitə] n. 评估员；[计]鉴别器；求值程序 16498 释义和用法：an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality re-evaluate [ˈri:ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] vt. 再评估；再估价 13301 equivalent [ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 等价的，相等的；n. 等价物；等量物；对应者 4377 助记：equi（=equal：相同、等）+val（价值）＋ent→等价的、等同的 释义和用法： （1）（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的 equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc. （2）等价物；等量物 If one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same. （3）对应物；对应者 The equivalent of someone or something is a person or thing that has the same function in a different place, time, or system. 搭配：be equivalent to（考）：等价于，等同于 助记：Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity，or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. 照明用电消耗了全球总电量的 20%，相当于每天消耗大约 60 万吨 煤。 equivalence [ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)ns] n. 等值；相等 18776 valid ['vælɪd] adj. 正当的；有效的，有根据的 4758 词源：1570s, "having force in law, legally binding," from Middle French valide (16c.), from Latin validus "strong, effective, powerful, active," from valere "be strong" (from PIE root *wal- "to be strong"). The meaning "sufficiently supported by facts or authority, well-grounded" is first recorded 1640s. 助记：val（=strong，force：力量，效力）+id（的）→（在法律上）有效力的→有效的、正 当的 释义和用法： （1）（票证等）有效的 If a ticket or other document is valid, it can be used and will be accepted by people in authority. 例如：For foreign holidays you will need a valid passport. 出国度假需持 有效护照。 （2）有根据的；正当的；合理的 A valid argument, comment, or idea is based on sensible reasoning. 例如：They put forward many valid reasons for not exporting. 他们提出了很多不出 口的正当理由。 validate ['vælɪdeɪt] vt. 使生效；证实；确认 7647 【课堂笔记】 -or 名词后缀 人 物：机/器 【课堂笔记】 ent 形容词后缀，表示“…的” 名词后缀，表示“人/物” 助记：valid（有效的）+ate（动词后缀，使）→使生效 释义和用法： （1）使生效；使有法律效力 to make sth legally valid 例如：to validate a contract 使合同生效 （2）证实；确证；确认 To validate something such as a claim or statement means to prove or confirm that it is true or correct. 例如：how that evidence was evaluated and validated by historians. 历史学家如何评估和确认该证据 validation[,vælɪ'deɪʃən] n. 证实；确认；生效 11150 validity [və'lɪdɪtɪ] n. 有效性；正确性；可信性 4593 助记：valid（有效）+ity（名词后缀）→有效性；正确性 释义和用法： （1）（法律上的）有效，合法性；（正式的）认可 the state of being legally or officially acceptable （2）正当(性);正确(性)；可信(性) The validity of something such as a result or a piece of information is whether it can be trusted or believed. 例如：Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote. 选举结果令他们很震惊，他们现在要对选举 的可信性/合法性提出质疑。 We had doubts about the validity of their argument. 我们对他们的论点的正确性有过怀疑。 invalid [ˈɪnvəlɪd；ɪnˈvælɪd] adj. 无效的；作废的；站不住脚的；n. 病人；伤残者 19968 助记：in（否定）+valid（有效的）→无效的 释义和用法： （1）无效的；作废的 If an action, procedure, or document is invalid, it cannot be accepted, because it breaks the law or some official rule. 例如：The trial was stopped and the results declared invalid. 审判被中止，判决结果被宣布无效。 （2）病人；病弱者；伤残者 An invalid is someone who needs to be cared for because they have an illness or disability. 例如：I hate being treated as an invalid. 我讨厌被人当作伤病号对待。 invalidate[ɪn'vælɪdeɪt] vt. 使无效；使站不住脚 14999 助记：invalid（无效的；站不住脚的）+ate（动词后缀，使）→使无效；使站不住脚 invaluable [ɪn'væljʊ(ə)b(ə)l] adj. 非常宝贵的；极其有用的 10315 助记：in（加强语气）+valuable（有价值的，宝贵的）→非常宝贵的；极其有用的 释义和用法： 非常宝贵的；极为有用的 If you describe something as invaluable, you mean that it is extremely useful. 例如：I was able to gain invaluable experience over that year. 在那一年里我有幸获得了 非常宝贵的经验 valor ['vælə] n. 英勇；勇猛（等于 valour） 18481 助记：val（=strong：强大的，勇猛的）+or（名词后缀）→勇猛；英勇 释义和用法： 英勇；the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle); 例如 he received a medal for valor. 他获得了英勇勋章。 valiant ['vælɪənt] adj. 英勇的，勇敢的 17095 助记：vali（=valor：英勇）+ant（形容词后缀）→英勇的，勇敢的 释义和用法： 勇敢的；果决的；无畏的 A valiant action is very brave and determined, though it may lead to failure or defeat. 例如：a valiant attempt to keep the business going. 为把生意维持下去而作的 勇敢尝试 wield [wi:ld] vt. 挥舞；使用；行使 7597 助记：wiel（=-wal=-val：strong，power：力量）+d（无意义）→（有力量去）挥舞（武器）， 行使（权利） 释义和用法： （1）使用；挥舞（武器、工具等） If you wield a weapon, tool, or piece of equipment, you carry and use it. （2）掌握；运用；行使(权利) If someone wields power, they have it and are able to use it. 例如：He remains chairman, but wields little power at the company. 他还是主席，但在公司没 有什么实权了。 unwieldy [ʌn'wi:ldɪ] adj. 笨重的；不灵便的；难处理的 16860 助记：un（否定）+wield（挥舞；操作）+y（此时做形容词后缀）→不好操作/控制的；臃 肿的；笨重的；不灵巧的 释义和用法： （1）笨重的；笨拙的；不灵巧的(of an object 东西) difficult to move or control because of its size, shape or weight （2）难控制（或操纵、管理）的；臃肿的；尾大不掉的(of a system or group of people 体制 或团体) difficult to control or organize because it is very large or complicated 例如：an unwieldy legal system 臃肿的法律体系 高难度词汇： ambivalent [æm'bɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 矛盾情绪的；喜忧参半的；摇摆不定的 10980 词源："simultaneous conflicting feelings," 1924 (1912 as ambivalency), from German Ambivalenz, coined 1910 by Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler on model of German Equivalenz "equivalence," etc., from Latin ambi- "both, on both sides" (see ambi-) + valentia "strength," abstract noun from present participle of valere "be strong" (from PIE root *wal- "to be strong"). A psychological term that by 1929 had taken on a broader literary and general sense. 助记：ambi（两个）+val（=strength：力量）+ent（形容词后缀）→两股（情绪的）力量在 对抗→ 释义和用法： （1）（忧喜参半、好坏参半等）矛盾情绪的 having or showing both good and bad feelings about sb/sth 例如：She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job. 她似乎对新工作忧喜参半。 （2）摇摆不定的；犹豫不决的 If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it. 例如：He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life. 在他漫长的一生中，他对基督教信仰始终是一种摇摆不定的态度。 ambivalence [æm'bɪv(ə)l(ə)ns; æm'bɪvəl(ə)ns; æm'bɪvələns]n. 矛盾情绪；喜忧参半；摇摆不定 10087 convalesce [ˌkɒnvəˈles] vi. 逐渐康复；恢复 词源："to grow better after sickness, make progress toward the recovery of health," late 15c., from Latin convalescere "thrive, regain health, begin to grow strong or well," from assimilated form of 【课堂笔记】 wield your sword 挥舞你的剑 com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + valescere "to begin to grow strong," inchoative of valere "to be strong" (from PIE root *wal- "to be strong"). Only in Caxton and Scottish writers until 19c. Related: Convalesced; convalescing. 助记：con（加强语气）+val（=strong：变得强壮）+esce（后缀）→（在生病/术后）慢慢变 得强壮起来→逐渐康复；恢复 释义和用法： 逐渐康复；病后疗养 If you are convalescing, you are resting and getting your health back after an illness or operation. 例如：After two weeks, I was allowed home where I convalesced for three months. 两周之后， 我获准回家，休养了 3 个月之后逐渐康复。 valence ['veɪləns] n.（化合）价，原子价 助记：val（价）+ence→（化合）价，原子价 释义和用法： 化合价 (chemistry) a property of atoms or radicals; their combining power given in terms of the number of hydrogen atoms (or the equivalent)，例如：Hydrogen is a one - valence element. 氢是 一价的元素. bivalent [baɪ'veɪlənt] adj. 二价的 助记：bi（二）+val（价）+ent（形容词后缀）→二价的 multivalent [ˌmʌltɪ'veɪlənt] adj. 多化合价的 助记：multi（=many：多）+val（价）+ent（形容词后缀）→多价的 polyvalent [ˌpɒliˈveɪlənt] adj 多价的；多功能的；多形式的 助记：poly（多）+val（价）+ent（形容词后缀）→多价的 词源：polyword-forming element meaning "many, much, multi-, one or more," from Greek poly-, combining form of polys "much" (plural polloi), from PIE root *pele- (1) "to fill," with derivatives referring to multitudinousness or abundance. Properly used in compounds only with words of Greek origin. In chemical names, usually indicating a compound with a large number of atoms or molecules of the same kind (such as polymer). 释义和用法： 1）(chemistry 化) having a valency of 3 or more 多价的 2）having many different functions or forms 多功能的；多形式的 例如：polyvalent managerial skills 多方面的管理技