欧空局欢迎对于火星采样返回任务的积极审查
ESA welcomes positive review of plan to bring Mars to Earth
An ambitious campaign by NASA and ESA to collect samples from the Red Planet and return them to Earth has been praised by an Independent Review Board set up to review the multi-year Mars missions.
由美国宇航局和欧空局进行的一项雄心勃勃的计划，即从“红色星球”收集样品并将其送回地球，为此成立了一个独立审查委员会，该委员会负责审查这个持续多年的火星任务。
The Mars Sample Return campaign foresees NASA and ESA launching multiple missions to the Red Planet to collect samples, launch them into space and return them safely to Earth. NASA has released the report of a Mars Sample Return Independent Review Board, which it established to evaluate the status of the multi-year international partnership, together with NASA’s response to its the report’s recommendations.
“火星样本回收”计划预计美国国家航空航天局和欧空局将向“红色星球”发射多个探测器，以收集样本，将其发射到太空并将其安全返回地球。 美国国家航空航天局发布了“火星样本返回独立审查委员会”的报告，该委员会旨在评估多年国际合作伙伴关系的状况，并与美国宇航局对报告建议的回应一起发布。
The Board, having examined plans for one of the most ambitious endeavours humankind has ever attempted, concluded that the space agencies are ready for the challenge after several decades of scientific advance and technical progress in Mars exploration.
委员会审查了这个人类有史以来最雄心勃勃的努力之一的计划，得出的结论是，经过数十年的火星探测科学进步和技术进步，航天部门已准备好应对挑战。
The Board acknowledged the longstanding cooperation between NASA and ESA in robotic and human space exploration as an asset for the robust campaign and commended the agencies’ work to date.
审查委员会承认美国国家航空航天局和欧空局在无人和有人的太空探索方面的长期合作是这项探索任务的有力的支撑，并赞扬了该两个机构迄今为止的研究。
“Following on from the International Space Station, Orion and the future Gateway around the Moon, we will strengthen our agencies’ partnership at the frontier of science and technology. ESA will carefully study the report’s recommendations and agree with NASA how to reflect them in our work together.”
“紧随着国际空间站，猎户座和未来的月球门户这些合作形式，我们将在科学技术领域加强与同类机构的伙伴关系。 欧空局将仔细研究该报告的建议，并同意美国国家航空航天局在我们的合作中实施这些建议。”
Review board
审查委员会
NASA initiated this Independent Review Board to ensure the long-awaited mission is positioned for success. It is the earliest independent review of any NASA science mission. The Board was comprised of 10 experienced leaders and experts from scientific and engineering fields, and included interviews with experts across NASA and ESA, as well as in industry and academia. The Board made 44 recommendations regarding the programme’s scope and management, technical approach, schedule and funding profile.
美国国家航天局发起了这个独立审查委员会，以确保期待已久的任务取得成功。 它是任何美国国家航天局科学任务中最早进行独立审查的。 该委员会由来自科学和工程领域的10位经验丰富的领军人物和顶尖专家组成，并接受了美国国家航天局和欧空局以及行业和学术界的专家的采访。 董事会针对该计划的范围和管理，技术方法，时间表和资金状况提出了44条建议。
Mars Sample Return
火星样品返回
The campaign will require multiple advanced space vehicles, the first being the NASA Perseverance rover, which is already over halfway to Mars. Perseverance is a sophisticated sampling system, with a coring drill and sample tubes that are among the cleanest hardware ever sent to space.
该任务将需要多辆先进的探测器，第一个是美国国家航天局的毅力号火星车，它已经在前往火星的路上了。 毅力号带有一个复杂的采样系统，它带有取芯钻和样品管，这些样品管是有史以来发送到太空的最清洁的组件之一。
Once on Mars, Perseverance will cache rock and soil samples in its collection tubes. It will then leave some of them on the martian surface for ESA’s Sample Fetch Rover to collect and deliver them, using ESA robotic arms, to a NASA Mars Ascent Vehicle, which will launch them into orbit around Mars.
当它到达火星后，毅力号会将岩石和土壤样品储存在样品管中。 之后它会将其中一些留在火星表面，让的样品收取车（Sample Fetch Rover）使用欧空局的机械臂收集并运送到NASA的火星上升飞行器，然后将它们发射到火星周围的轨道。
Once in orbit around Mars, ESA’s Earth Return Orbiter will rendezvous with the samples over 70 million km from Earth in orbit around Mars and take them in a highly secure containment capsule, provided by NASA, for landing back on Earth in the 2030s.
一旦样品进入火星轨道，欧空局的“地球返回轨道器”将与火星周围轨道上距离地球超过7000万公里的样本会合，并将它们放入美国国家航天局提供的高度防护的密闭舱中，以便于21世纪30年代返回地球。
原文链接：http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ESA_welcomes_positive_review_of_plan_to_bring_Mars_to_Earth
NASA报告下载：https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_esa_mars_sample_return_irb_report.pdf
了解火星返回飞行器：http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/10/What_is_Earth_Return_Orbiter
