【2023.5.18】英国传统料理康沃尔馅饼溯源 Is the pasty re

Introduction

Rob and Neil discuss the origins of the Cornish pasty. This traditional tasty snack is popular around the world but does it have to be made in this region of England to make it a genuine Cornish pasty and are there other versions of it that are made elsewhere?

This week's question

What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it: 

a) Chicken, avocado and brie

b) Beef, potato and turnip

c) Pork, onion and chorizo

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Transcript

Note: This is not a word for word transcript 

Neil

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.

Rob

And I’m Rob.

Neil

Fancy a game of ‘food connections’, Rob? I’ll name a place and you say the first food that comes to mind. Ready?

Rob

Yeah, sure, let’s go!

Neil

Italy.

Rob

Erm…’pizza’ – or ‘lasagne’.

Rob

New York?

Neil

‘Hot dogs’, of course. Or maybe ‘bagels’. How about… Cornwall from the UK?

Rob

If it’s Cornwall, it must be the famous ‘Cornish pasty’, right?

Neil

That’s right! Cornwall, the region which forms the south-western tip of Britain, is as famous for its pasties as New York is for hot dogs. In this programme we’ll be finding out all about Cornish pasties. We’ll hear how it’s gone from humble beginnings to become a symbol of Cornish identity and spread around the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.

Rob

But what exactly is a pasty, Neil? Somewhere between a pie and a sandwich, right? A piece of pastry which is turned over and crimped along the side to make two corners…

Neil

… and filled with different ingredients - which brings me to my quiz question for today, Rob. What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it:

a)    Chicken, avocado and brie

b)    Beef, potato and turnip

c)     Pork, onion and chorizo

Rob

Well, chorizo is Spanish isn’t it? And avocado with brie doesn’t sound traditionally Cornish, so I’ll say b) beef, potato and turnip.

Neil

OK, Rob. We’ll find out later if you were right. What’s for sure is that the Cornish pasty has had a long history as BBC Radio 4’s The Food Programme discovered. They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public life curator at the British Library. Here she is reading from one of the earliest mentions of pasties from the late 17th century:

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

There’s a lovely bit here where he’s describing what a housewife in Hertfordshire does and he’s talking about her way to make pork pies and pork pasties: pies may be made and baked either raised in paste earthen pans or in pewter dishes or in the shape of a turnover, two-cornered pasties. So that’s a very early reference to a pasty in the shape, I think, that we know it but also being made specifically for labourers - to be feeding labourers on a farm at harvest time.

Rob

The earliest pasties were made in pewter dishes – a traditional cooking plate made of a silver-coloured metal called ‘pewter’.

Neil

And they were eaten by agricultural labourers – workers doing physical farm work during harvest time – the weeks in autumn when crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.

Rob

But it wasn’t only farmers and labourers who ate pasties. As well as its farms and fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines, as Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:

Ruth Huxley, Cornish Pasty Association

Pasties would have been eaten by lots of people who went to work but it just worked perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the world capital of mining. And so lots of pasties were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then that mining community went all over the world and took the pasty with them.

Neil

Pasties were eaten by hungry workers involved in the mining industry - digging up materials such as coal or metals like gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.

Rob

So far we’ve been talking about Cornwall. But you said the Cornish pasty has spread around the world, Neil. How did that happen?

Neil

Well, that’s connected to the tin miners we just talked about. Here’s Polly Russell again:

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

This is replicated, not just in Mexico but with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to Canada, to Australia. So anyone who travels to many of those places now will see foods which are incredibly reminiscent and familiar and just like Cornish pasties.

Neil

In the 19th century, many Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to start a better life. Their pasty recipes were replicated – or copied exactly, in the new places where they landed, from America to Australia. 

Rob

And that’s why in many places around the world you can find food which is reminiscent of pasties – meaning it reminds you of something similar, in this case the original Cornish pasty… with its traditional filling of… what’s was your quiz question again, Neil?

Neil

Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish pasty filling was? You said…

Rob

I said b) beef, potato and turnip.

Neil

And you were right! ‘Keslowena’, Rob – that’s Cornish for ‘congratulations’!

Rob

‘Heb grev’, Neil – that’s ‘no problem’!

Neil

In fact those other fillings – chorizo, avocado and brie - really did feature in pasties entered for this year’s Annual World Pasty Championships, held in Cornwall every spring. Other pasty-inspired ideas include Argentinian chimichurri empanadas and spicy Jamaican patties.

Rob

So the pasty is still going strong, both in Cornwall and around the world.

Neil

Today we’ve been discussing Cornish pasties – a kind of filled pastry from the south-west of England, originally made in pewter dishes – a silver-coloured metal dish.

Rob

Pasties were eaten by agricultural labourers – farm workers bringing in the autumn harvest – the time when crops are cut and collected from the fields, and also by workers in the tin mining industry – digging up metals like tin from underground.

Neil

Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were replicated – cooked again in the same way.

Rob

In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new countries that today, almost every corner of the world has food reminiscent of – or reminding you of, the original Cornish pasty.

Neil

That’s all for today. Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary on 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

Rob

Bye.

Vocabulary

1. pewter dishes

traditional dishes made from a silver-coloured metal called pewter

2. labourers

people who do physical work, especially outdoors  

3. harvest

the time of year when crops like wheat or barley are cut and collected from the fields

4. mining

digging up materials such as coal, diamonds or metals like gold and tin from the ground

5. replicated

done again in exactly the same way

6. reminiscent (of)

making you remember a particular person, place or thing

双语版Transcript

Neil

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.

大家好我是尼尔，欢迎收听英语六分钟。

Rob

And I’m Rob.

嗨 我是罗伯

Neil

Fancy a game of ‘food connections’, Rob? I’ll name a place and you say the first food that comes to mind. Ready?

假设一个“食物联想”游戏，我说一个地方，然后你说出第一个想到的食物。准备？

Rob

Yeah, sure, let’s go!

当然，开始吧！

Neil

Italy.

意大利

Rob

Erm…’pizza’ – or ‘lasagne’.

“披萨” –或“千层面”。

Rob

New York?

纽约？

Neil

‘Hot dogs’, of course. Or maybe ‘bagels’. How about… Cornwall from the UK?

当然是“热狗”或许 “百吉饼”。英国的康沃尔郡？

Rob

If it’s Cornwall, it must be the famous ‘Cornish pasty’, right?

如果是康沃尔郡，那一定是著名的“康沃尔馅饼”吧？

Neil

That’s right! Cornwall, the region which forms the south-western tip of Britain, is as famous for its pasties as New York is for hot dogs. In this programme we’ll be finding out all about Cornish pasties. We’ll hear how it’s gone from humble beginnings to become a symbol of Cornish identity and spread around the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.

没错！康沃尔是英国西南端的地区，以其馅饼而闻名，就像纽约的热狗一样。在这期节目中，我们将探寻关于康沃尔馅饼的一切。我们将了解它如何从不起眼的开始变成康沃尔的象征，并在世界上传播到牙买加，阿根廷和巴西。

Rob

But what exactly is a pasty, Neil? Somewhere between a pie and a sandwich, right? A piece of pastry which is turned over and crimped along the side to make two corners…

到底是什么馅饼？介于派和三明治之间，对吗？一块油酥点心，翻转并沿侧面卷边形成两个角。

Neil

… and filled with different ingredients - which brings me to my quiz question for today, Rob. What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it:

a) Chicken, avocado and brie

b) Beef, potato and turnip

c) Pork, onion and chorizo

并且包含了不同的食材-这使我想起了测验问题。正宗康沃尔馅饼的传统馅料是什么？是：

a）鸡肉，鳄梨和咸味乳酪

b）牛肉，土豆和芜菁

c）猪肉，洋葱和香肠

Rob

Well, chorizo is Spanish isn’t it? And avocado with brie doesn’t sound traditionally Cornish, so I’ll say b) beef, potato and turnip.

香肠不是西班牙的吗？而且牛油果和布里干酪听起来不像康沃尔语，所以我要说b）牛肉，土豆和芜菁

Neil

OK, Rob. We’ll find out later if you were right. What’s for sure is that the Cornish pasty has had a long history as BBC Radio 4’s The Food Programme discovered. They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public life curator at the British Library. Here she is reading from one of the earliest mentions of pasties from the late 17th century:

待会我们会知道你是否正确。可以肯定的是，BBC广播电台4的食物节目发现，康沃尔馅饼历史悠久。他们与大英图书馆的公共生活馆长Polly Russell博士进行了交谈。这里，她读出了17世纪晚期对馅饼的最早提及之一：

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

There’s a lovely bit here where he’s describing what a housewife in Hertfordshire does and he’s talking about her way to make pork pies and pork pasties: pies may be made and baked either raised in paste earthen pans or in pewter dishes or in the shape of a turnover, two-cornered pasties. So that’s a very early reference to a pasty in the shape, I think, that we know it but also being made specifically for labourers - to be feeding labourers on a farm at harvest time.

在这里有个有趣的地方，他在描述赫特福德郡一名家庭主妇的所作所为，谈论她做猪肉派和猪肉馅饼的方式：馅饼可以用土锅或白镴盘制作，或是折叠为两角馅饼。因此，我认为这是对馅饼的早期提及，我们知道它也是专门为劳动者做的-在收获时为农场的劳工提供食物。

Rob

The earliest pasties were made in pewter dishes – a traditional cooking plate made of a silver-coloured metal called ‘pewter’.

最早的馅饼是用白镴盘制作的，这是一种由叫pewter的银色金属制成的传统烹饪盘

Neil

And they were eaten by agricultural labourers – workers doing physical farm work during harvest time – the weeks in autumn when crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.

他们被(农业劳动者)agricultural labourers吃掉了- 丰收期间从事体力劳动的人 - harvest time是在秋天从田间砍下并收获小麦等农作物的几周时间。

Rob

But it wasn’t only farmers and labourers who ate pasties. As well as its farms and fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines, as Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:

但是吃馅饼的不仅是农民和劳动者。除了康沃尔郡的农场和渔业外，康沃尔郡还以锡矿闻名。康沃尔馅饼协会的Ruth Huxley解释说：

Ruth Huxley, Cornish Pasty Association

Pasties would have been eaten by lots of people who went to work but it just worked perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the world capital of mining. And so lots of pasties were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then that mining community went all over the world and took the pasty with them.

馅饼会被很多人工作时吃掉，但在矿井下工作更好，康沃尔成为了世界矿业之都。于是制作了很多馅饼，吃了很多馅饼，然后采矿界遍及全球，携带的馅饼遍及全球。

Neil

Pasties were eaten by hungry workers involved in the mining industry - digging up materials such as coal or metals like gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.

馅饼被从事采矿业的饥饿的工人吃掉- the mining industry从地下挖出煤或金或康沃尔郡的锡。

Rob

So far we’ve been talking about Cornwall. But you said the Cornish pasty has spread around the world, Neil. How did that happen?

到目前为止，我们一直在谈论康沃尔郡。但是你说过，康沃尔馅饼已经遍布世界各地，尼尔。那是怎么发生的？

Neil

Well, that’s connected to the tin miners we just talked about. Here’s Polly Russell again:

这与我们刚才谈到的锡矿工人有关。再听听Polly Russell：

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

This is replicated, not just in Mexico but with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to Canada, to Australia. So anyone who travels to many of those places now will see foods which are incredibly reminiscent and familiar and just like Cornish pasties.

这被复制，不仅在墨西哥，还随着移民传到美国，明尼苏达，到加拿大，到澳大利亚。因此，现在前往那些地方的人都将看到令人回味和熟悉的食物，比如康沃尔馅饼。

Neil

In the 19th century, many Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to start a better life. Their pasty recipes were replicated – or copied exactly, in the new places where they landed, from America to Australia. 

在19世纪，许多康沃尔锡矿工人移居国外，开始了更美好的生活。从美国到澳大利亚，他们的馅饼食谱在他们登陆的新地方得到复制replicated。

Rob

And that’s why in many places around the world you can find food which is reminiscent of pasties – meaning it reminds you of something similar, in this case the original Cornish pasty… with its traditional filling of… what’s was your quiz question again, Neil?

这就是为什么在世界上的许多地方都能找到让人联想到的馅饼的食物- reminiscent意味着它使你想到类似的东西，这里指想到康沃尔馅饼......它的传统内陷是……你的测试问题是？

 

Neil

Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish pasty filling was? You said…

我问你传统的康沃尔馅饼里面包的是什么？你说…

Rob

I said b) beef, potato and turnip.

我说过b）牛肉，土豆和芜菁

Neil

And you were right! ‘Keslowena’, Rob – that’s Cornish for ‘congratulations’!

你说得对！Keslowena，这是康沃尔的“祝贺”

Rob

‘Heb grev’, Neil – that’s ‘no problem’!

‘Heb grev’, 表示没问题

Neil

In fact those other fillings – chorizo, avocado and brie - really did feature in pasties entered for this year’s Annual World Pasty Championships, held in Cornwall every spring. Other pasty-inspired ideas include Argentinian chimichurri empanadas and spicy Jamaican patties.

实际上，其他馅料（香肠，鳄梨和咸味乳酪）的确出现在今年年度世界馅饼锦标赛---每年春季在康沃尔郡举行。其他受到馅饼启发的创意包括阿根廷chimichurri 肉馅卷饼和牙买加辣馅饼。

Rob

So the pasty is still going strong, both in Cornwall and around the world.

因此馅饼依然很流行，无论在康沃尔郡还是在世界范围内。

Neil

Today we’ve been discussing Cornish pasties – a kind of filled pastry from the south-west of England, originally made in pewter dishes – a silver-coloured metal dish.

今天，我们一直在讨论康沃尔馅饼--一种来自英格兰西南部的含馅面点，最初是用白鑞餐具--- 一种银色金属餐具---制成的。

Rob

Pasties were eaten by agricultural labourers – farm workers bringing in the autumn harvest – the time when crops are cut and collected from the fields, and also by workers in the tin mining industry – digging up metals like tin from underground.

馅饼被农业劳动者agricultural labourers吃掉了–autumn harvest是从田地里收割农作物的时间，也被锡矿开采业的工人吃掉–tin mining industry是从地下挖出锡等金属。

Neil

Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were replicated – cooked again in the same way.

后来，当这些矿工移民到新地方时，馅饼被复制replicated -用相同的方法再次烹饪。

Rob

In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new countries that today, almost every corner of the world has food reminiscent of – or reminding you of, the original Cornish pasty.

事实上，康沃尔矿工移居到这么多新国家，在今天，世界上几乎每一个角落都有食物让人联想到reminiscent of康沃尔馅饼。

Neil

That’s all for today. Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary on 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

这就是今天的全部内容……再见！