The Social Contract - 19zy
In each climate, then, there are natural causes making it
possible to determine which form of government is called for
by the influence of the climate, and even to say what kind of
people should live there.
-
Barren and difficult land, where the produce is
not worth the labour, should remain uncultivated
and uninhabited, or populated only by savages;野蛮人
-
places in which the surplus of produce
over need is adequate are suitable to free peoples;
-
those in which the land is abundant and fertile ought
to have a monarchical government, in order that the
subjects' additional surplus should be spent on the
luxuries of royalty;
-
for it is better that the excess should be absorbed
by the government than dissipated浪费掉的 by private citizens.
Even if all the southern regions were to be covered by
republics, and all the north by despotic states, it would
nonetheless be true that, because of the effects of the
climate, despotism suits hot countries, barbarism cold ones,
and good political organization the regions in between.
-★
questions of the work required, physical strength, the
consumption of food, etc.,must also be considered.
Besides, you must take into account考虑 that the same number of
men consume much less in hot countries. The climate there
requires men to be frugal in order to stay healthy
---Chapter ix:The Signs of Good Government---
Everyone wants to answer in his own way. Subjects extol颂扬
public order,citizens the freedom of the individual; one
prefers the security of property, and another security of
the person; one asserts that the most rigorous★严密的 government
is the best, another argues for the mildest; this one wants
crimes punished, that one wants them prevented; one likes
to be feared by neighbouring nations, another prefers to
be ignored; one is happy about the circulation of money,
another insists that the people should have bread.
★★★rigorous严密(格)的/缜密的 - vigorous精力充沛的
★★★
What is the purpose of political association? The
security and prosperity of the associates.
-
And what is the most reliable sign that they are secure
and prosperous繁荣的? The population and the birth rate.
---Chapter x:The Abuse of Government and Its
Tendency to Degenerate衰退---
A government contracts when it passes from the hands of a
larger number into those of a smaller: that is to say,
from democracy to aristocracy, and from aristocracy to
royalty. ★That is its natural tendency.
-
this reverse movement is impossible.
---Chapter 11:The Death of the Body Politic---
The political body, like the human, begins to die as soon as
it is born, and carries within it the causes of its own destruction.
携带自毁基因？？
Man's constitution is a product of nature; the state's is the
result of artifice妙法/诡计.
The best constituted state will come to its end,
but later than others, provided that no unforeseen
accident destroys it prematurely.(比其他zhengti更晚终结)
The principle of political life lies in the sovereign authority.
The ★legislative power is the heart of the state(???),
the executive power is the mind, which makes every part move.
-
The mind may be unable to function yet the individual can
still be alive.A man can be mindless and live, but as soon
as the heart ceases to work the animal is dead.
-
It is not by its laws that the state subsists生存/维持,
but by the legislative power.
p152？ - 有关法律的疑问
