口译理论与实践（一）

口译概论

Interpreting is needed in every possible domain and setting.
the Oval Office 美国总统办公室
prisoner interrogations 犯人审讯
NGO: non-government organization
corporate board 公司董事会
the UN Security Council 联合国安理会

Definition
Interpreting is an oral form of translation, a service that lets people communicate across language barriers.
Interpreters mediate communication between people speaking different languages.
* mediate communication: Interpreters help speakers and listeners bridge cultural and cognitive gaps.
（spoken & sign language）

Characteristics
immediate & irreversible
extemporaneousness 即席
stressfulness 紧张
independence 独立
comprehensiveness 综合
miscellaneousness 多面

Modes of Interpreting
shorter or longer consecutive 交替传译
simultaneous (SI) 同声传译
simultaneous with text （SI-text）
sight translation（ST）视译
whispered interpreting（chuchotage）耳语传译

交替传译：新闻发布会，外交部发言，记者招待会等（CCTV NEWS)

community/conference/health or medical/liaison or escort（旅游，博物馆等）/legal or judicial/sign language/trilingual interpreters

Process

source language👉target language （listen/read/see👉speak）good speaker & listener
immediate & irreversible
finish on the spot
live context
once-only production under pressure

Requirements （LKSP）
Language proficiency (source & target language)
Knowledge（general & local）
Skills（general & specific）
Professionalism（optimize the service）

read between the lines 体会隐含之意; 领会言外之意     

口译定义：

Interpreting is an oral form of translation, a service that lets people communicate across language barriers.
Interpreters mediate communication between people speaking different languages.
* mediate communication: Interpreters help speakers and listeners bridge cultural and cognitive gaps.

KEY POINT：

communication | service targrt (source language👉target language) | bridge

口译类型：

consecutive interpreting 交替传译 
simultaneous interpreting 同声传译
sight interpreting 视译
whispered interpreting 耳语传译
liaison interpreting 联络传译

conference/community/court/sign language interpreting 会议/社区/法庭/手语口译

口译的类型，可按照口译的形式、方向，任务等进行一下分类：

1、形式分类法：连续口译、同声传译、联络口译、接力口译、耳语口译、视译;

2、方向分类法：单向口译、双向口译。

3、任务分类法：会议口译、陪同口译、技术口译、外事口译、军事口译、商贸口译、医学口                               译、展览口译、导游口译等。

视译练习：

现在是双方改变僵硬立场、表现灵活态度的时候了。

Now, it’s time to change the rigid stand between the two sides, and to show flexible attitude.