2023 高考英语语法 专题四 数词
重难点分析
数词是用来表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分为基数词和序数词两种。序数词也是高考语法填空考点设置的内容之一，不是很常见，但需留意。
基
数
词
功能
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语
读法三要点
基数词1～19, 20～29, 整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion
会读个、十、百位数
由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读作thousand, million和billion，逗号之间的按百位以内的数读
注意
表示“几百”、“几千”时，hundred, thousand等词不加-s
hundred, thousand等词为复数时作名词，表示“数量很多”的意思
序
数
词
构成
一般的基数词后加-th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：ten→tenth, one thousand two hundred and thirty→one thousand two hundred and thirtieth
整几十的基数词，去掉词尾的y再加ieth，如：forty→fortieth
几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
功能
作定语(前面要加定冠词the)；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分数中的分母
一、基数词：表示数量的词为基数词，它的构成如下表
范围
特点
实例
1～12
无规律
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13～19
以-teen为结尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20～90
以-ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21～99
十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101～999
百位和十位之间通常用and
three hundred and twenty-five (美国英语中常将and省略)
千以上
6275 — six thousand two hundred and seventy-five; 1200 — twelve hundred
二、序数词：表示数目顺序的词为序数词，它的构成如下表
范围
特点
实例
1～19
各基数词尾加-th
其中7个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。其余，如：fourth, sixth, nineteenth
20, 30～90
把-y变-i后加-eth
twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数
最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词
21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
三、数词的用法
1. 英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数词、编号、算式表示法列表
汉语示例
英语表示法
时
间
表
达
2001年6月30日
June 30, 2001 / June 30th, 2001 / 30 June, 2001 / 30th June, 2001
七点二十五分(7:25)
seven twenty-five / twenty-five past seven
十二点五十四分(12:54)
twelve fifty-four / six to one
九点十五分(9:15)
nine fifteen / a quarter past nine
两点半(2:30)
two thirty / half past two
二十一点五十分(21:50)
twenty-one fifty / ten to twenty-two
数
字
表
达
第二十一
twenty-first
第一百二十三
one hundred and twenty-third
二分之一；四分之一；五分之四
a half; one fourth; four-fifths (分子大于1时，在分母序数词后加-s)
二又五分之二
two and two-fifths
百分之二十
20 percent
编
号
表
达
第七路公共汽车
Bus number 7 / Bus No. 7
第201号房间
Room 201
人民路153号
153 Renmin Road
第三中学
No. 3 Middle School
算
式
表
达
4+8=12
Four plus eight is twelve.
11-7=4
Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30
Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4
Twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B
A is more than B.
A＜B
A is less than B.
A≈B
A is approximately equal to B.
A≠B
A is not equal to B.
2. 约数表示法列表
含义
英语表达
例句
大于
more than
He has lived here for more than twenty years. 他已经在这里住了20多年了。
over
She is over fifty. 她50多岁了。
or more
There are thirty people or more in the meeting-room. 会议室里有30多人。
小于
less than
I have less than (no more than) fifty dollars. 我有不到50美元。
under
Children under seven are not allowed to enter. 7岁以下的儿童不许入内。
below
He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars. 低于150美元，他是不会卖掉它的。
or less
The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less. 这件外套花了他60美元或少一些。
大约
nearly
She is nearly sixty now. 她近60岁了。
almost
It’s almost three o’clock. 差不多3点钟了。
up to
Up to ten men can sleep in this tent. 这个帐篷可以睡近10人。
or
He spent four or five days writing the article. 他花了四、五天的时间写这篇文章。
or so
The distance is twenty miles or so. 距离是20英里左右。
about
I visited the village about three years ago. 大约3年前，我访问过那个村子。
some
Their team has some four or five players. 他们队大约有四、五个选手。
more or less
The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water. 这个容器大约可以装20磅水。
around/round
Let’s make it around/round eight o’clock. 那我们就定在8点钟左右吧。
3. 不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数
英语表达
汉译
修饰可数名词
dozens of
几十；许多
scores of
许多
a number of, many, a good/great many(修饰复数可数名词), many a(修饰可数名词单数)
许多；大量
hundreds of
数以百计
thousands of
成千上万
millions of
数百万
billions of
亿万
修饰不可数名词
much, a great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of
许多；大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of
许多；大量
考点练透
一、完成句子 根据句意将括号内的汉语译成英语。
1. It is not rare _________ (在九十年代) that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
2. _________ (五分之三) of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
3. Americans eat _________ (两倍多的) as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
4. The earth is _________ (49倍) the size of the moon.
5. The grain output of this year is _________ (高8%) than that of last year.
6. _________ (几百万) people in the world are sending information by Wechat every day.
7. The hero of the story is an artist _________ (三十多岁).
8. Mr. Smith asked me to buy _________ (两打) eggs for the dinner.
9. — Tell me where you live, please.
— I live _________ (在和平路123号).
10. About _________ (三千人) took part in the demonstration against the war on Iraq.
11. The rice production has _________ (增加了5.8%) this year.
12. There were fifteen presidents before Abraham Lincoln, so he was _________ (第十六任) president.
13. It will take me _________ (一年半的时间) to finish the course.
14. Is the Yellow River _________ (第二大河) in China?
15. _________ (开始的三个部分) of the text are rather difficult for us beginners.
16. I will stay here for _________ (一两天).
17. He lived in _________ (五楼506房).
18. The class was over. The students went out of the classroom _________ (三三两两地).
二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据括号内的汉语提示用适当的数词填空。
Have you ever seen 1 (一个) chimpanzee (黑猩猩) in a zoo? If not, better run and see one. Why? Because they are in danger and there may soon be none left.
chimpanzees were once found in 2 (许多) African countries. But, a United Nations report said last week that they are disappearing from some countries fast.
In Senegal, for example, there are only 3 (两百) left. There used to be 4 (几千). chimpanzees are a kind of great ape. There are three other kinds of great ape: gorillas, gibbons and orangutans, which are all in danger.
There are about 5 (四十万) great apes in the world. “They all face extinction, some soon, others within 6 (五十五年),” says Klaus Topers, head of the UN Environment Program.
“Over 7 (百分之九十六) of great ape’s DNA is like ours. If we lose them, we will destroy a part of ourselves,” says Klaus.
Why are chimpanzees in danger and how can we save them? That’s because of human. We are killing them and destroying the forests where they live. According to the UN report 8 (数以千计) chimpanzees die each year because of humans. Some people kill them for money. But 9 (三分之二) of them die after humans cut down the forests where they live, which means great apes have no place to live and no food to eat.
Last week, scientists from 10 (四分之三的) the countries of the world met in Paris, France, and made a report telling countries how to protect apes.
三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 4 ()
What is the world’s most widely used source of renewable energy? Solar power, wind energy, hydropower (水力发电) or bio-fuels.
hydropower 1 (use) more than any other renewable, which is also one of the oldest 2 (form) of renewable energy. Wheels 3 (spin) by the current of flowing water provided power for centuries before electricity caught on. Solar panels as we know are a much more recent 4 (invent). Their development really started advancing in the 1950s. They come with some downsides. Though they are considered 5 form of clean energy, building the panels themselves and then disposing of old and damaged ones can cause significant harm 6 the environment. And the solar windows you are about to see are 7 (relative) small. Manufacturers (生产商) will have to find a way 8 (develop) larger ones. Owners of skyscrapers will have to decide whether they want to install them. And there are questions about their cost versus modern windows 9 don’t generate electricity. 10 , the company that makes solar windows says the benefits are clear as glass.
参考答案
考点练透
一、完成句子
1. in the 1990s 2. Three fifths 3. more than twice 4. 49 times 5. 8 percent higher 6. Several million 7. in his thirties 8. two dozen 9. at 123 Heping Road 10. three thousand people 11. increased by five point eight percent 12. the sixteenth 13. one and a half years’ time 14. the second largest 15. The first three parts 16. one or two days 17. Room 506 on the fifth floor 18. in twos and threes
二、语篇填空
1. a/one 2. many / a great number of 3. two hundred 4. several thousand 5. four hundred thousand 6. fifty-five years 7. ninety-six percent 8. thousands of 9. two-thirds 10. three-fourths of / three quarters of
三、语法填空
本文主要介绍了可再生能源以及可发电的太阳窗的缺点。
1. is used 考查被动语态。本句叙述客观存在的状态，用一般现在时；主语hydropower与use是被动关系，故填is used。
2. forms 考查名词单复数。空格前有one of修饰，form应用复数。
3. spun 考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语动词provided，spin应为非谓语动词；又由因wheels和spin是被动关系，加之有by提示，用过去分词作后置定语。
4. invention 考查词性转换。在“冠词(a)+形容词(recent)”后应填名词的单数形式。
5. a 考查冠词。form为单数可数名词，前面应加冠词修饰。be considered (to be) a form of意为“被认为是一种……形式”。
6. to 考查介词。因cause harm to (对……有害)为固定搭配。
7. relatively 考查词性转换。修饰形容词small，应用副词。
8. to develop 考查非谓语动词。修饰抽象名词way应用不定式to develop作后置定语。a way to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”。
9. that/which 考查连词。定语从句缺主语，先行词modern windows指物，故填that/which。
10. However 考查连词。表示转折关系，后面有逗号，故填However。
