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刘晓艳讲语法长难句

2022-06-30 16:10 作者:SheriPuppy  | 我要投稿


01 语法长难句1 P1 - 00:00


一、什么是英语的句子

  • 必须具备【主】【谓】结构
  • 主语必须是谓语的发出者(主语必须明确)
  • 若有宾语,宾语必须是谓语的承受者

二、英语句子分类

1、主谓:

he died; we laugh(ed)

2、主谓宾:(谓:有实际意义的动词)

3、主系表:(系:系动词)

系动词:be动词, 感官动词(look, smell, taste, sound, feel), 变化(become, get), 保持(keep, stay, remain)

4、主谓双宾:(双宾:两个宾语没关系)

I bought him a dog.

5、主谓宾宾补(宾补:两宾之间有关系)

It makes him happy.

【验证:】在两宾间加be动词,可成立即为宾补。he is a dog(×);he is happy(√)


三、句子的成分(词性的问题)

1、谓语

(1)谓语的成分:有时态的【实义动词】或【系动词】充当谓语

She love me(×),She loves me(√)

(2)动词的数量:只能是1个

①谓语只能是动词

②动词只能是谓语

③一句话中不充当谓语的动词全部都要变成非谓语动词(v+ing表主动,v+ed表被动,to+v表目的)

beat you is my fault(×);

beating动名词) you is my fault(√)

He beating my shoulder, saying nothing, departed.他拍了拍我的肩膀,一句话都没说就离开了

④多个谓语保留最重要的那一个,分不清哪个最重要留最后一个,故出现【独立主格】/【分词作状语】

我爱你,你爱我:I loving you, you love me即:(“主语”不同)

我是个老师,我喜欢唱歌:Being a teacher, I enjoy singing.(“主语”相同)

(3)动词能不能少?

当一句话需要动词而没有动词的时候,只能加be动词,且无实际意义

I against(prep.) you → I am against you.

I angry(adj.) with sb→I am angry with sb.


2、主语

(1)主语的成分

(2)主语的类型:it,there,人称代词

  • It:作为主语的条件:必须与天气、温度、时间有关系
  • there:句子翻译必须存在“有”的翻译

there remain/exist/seem

eg:There remain an ocean of elements being responsible for my respective.

eg:If there seems persistence, glories cannot fail to be attained.

如果(有→there)毅力就一定会成功(无主语→被动)

  • 人称代词:做主语都可以做被动

eg:Authorities should be proposed to adopt action.

eg: pollution is claimed strikingly、exceedingly grave by an increasing amount of individuals.


3、宾语:和主语的成分一定一致

4、表语:名词,形容词,代词,非谓语动词,从句,介词短语


四、简单句的考点分析

1、写作(小作文)——不错就行

(1)不会写的单词全部换掉

(2)不会写的长难句换成简单句

2、阅读

(1)一个句子先找动词

(2)一句话中多个动词,只要主句的动词

[辨别:]主句的动词前没引导词




03 语法长难句3 P3 - 01:48


一、什么是并列句:

连词连接的两个句子

I love you, you love that dog.

1、独立主格:I loving u,u love the dog.

2、连接词:I love you and u love the dog.

3、从句(前加引导词):Although I love u, you love the dog.(状语从句)


二、常见的连词

1、平行关系:and, not only...but also..., as well as(只能连接单词)

同样地:equally, likewise, similarly, at the same time(同时), in the meanwhile (同时)

2、转折关系:but, yet, while, whereas.

然而:however, nevertheless, conversely, unexpectedly, on the contrary, by contrast.

3、选择关系:or

alternatively

4、递进关系:then

此外,而且:besides,furthermore, moreover ; in addition, subsequently

5、因果关系:for, so,

thus, therefore, as a consequence, as a result, consequently


三、并列句的考点分析

1、写作

只要上下句之间有【逻辑关系】,就一定有【逻辑关系词】(连词、介词、介词短语、副词)

eg:There exist a train of companies coming from the distance so I become more than(非常地) delighted.

so→as a consequence

eg:There exist a train of companies coming from the distance, and as a consequence, I become more than delighted.

  • 连词和其他关系词的区别:连词的前面要么逗号,要么没有标点符号;而其他逻辑关系词的前面,要么用句号,要么加连词and.

2、完型:不会有长难句,只考察最基本单词

3、省略——如何查找省略的内容

  • 一句话只要有省略,一定是省略连词后而不是连词前,所以连词后有的成分,连词前通常有。——如果连词后只有1个成分,连词前肯定能找到对应成分;连词后多个成分则未必。
  • 分析长难句步骤:谓语→连词(但两单词间的不算)→定语→状语




04 语法长难句4 P4 - 38:36


一、名词

1、成分:

(1)主语

(2)宾语:I appreciate the actress

(3)表语

(4)同位语:I enjoy the part, the end.

· 作文中任何一个名词的后面都可以再加 “, n.” 作为它的同位语出现

eg:My boyfriend, a junior from the apartment of PE(体育专业的大三学生), looks handsome.

一件坏事/坏行为——“全球普遍现象”

一件好事/好行为——“中华民族的传统美德”

eg:Over fishing, a universal phenomenon throughout the world, has become increasingly grave under modern condition.


2、名词性从句

从句:引导词+句子

名词性从句:名词在句子能充当的成分,从句都能充当,即名词性从句。

eg:I appreciate what she did.

eg:She keeps who I admire

(1)主语从句

(2)宾语从句

(3)表语从句

(4)同位语从句


3、名词性从句的引导词

名词性从句的引导词是按照从句的句子类型分类,一共把引导词分为3类

(1)that:从句是陈述句,并且that在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有意思

eg:That she has got divorced is conspicuous

(2)whether:当从句是一般疑问句时不充当任何成分,但翻译为“是否

eg:Whether she got divorced remains a mystery.

(3)特殊疑问词(when,where...):当从句是特殊疑问句

eg:When she got divorced remains a mystery.

eg:The point seems when wealth will be available for you.关键是你什么时候有钱

  • 英语中所有的从句一定都是陈述句的形式,也就是引导词+主语+谓语的形式


4、名词性从句的考点分析

(1)完形填空:

(2)写作:【同位语从句】和【主语从句】是满分句型,可以写在任何句子之前以拉长句子。

eg:It keeps common knowledge that ladies tend to be right.(即把主语从句放到句末,加it来做形式主语)

eg同:The news has been spread the whole village that her husband passed away.(同位语可以放在句末,但自己在作文不要写)

eg同:The outlook that individuals from henan province tends to be deceivers remains wrong.

eg:Wearing my own shoes is(=proves) not only convenient but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ignored.

穿自己的鞋,不仅方便,而且不用考虑别人的感受。

(3)长难句分析

能够快速识别各个名词性从句,并且把他们通顺的翻译出来

①主语从句:当引导词放在句首的,并且从句后没有被逗号隔开,就一定是主语从句。

  • 主语从句从句首开始,到主句的谓语动词结束。
  • 主语从句从it开始,到句末结束(避免头重脚轻)

eg主:

eg状:

②宾语从句:实意动词的后面有引导词,就暂定为宾语从句;但实意动词后可有状语从句,也可有宾语动词

  • 只有宾语从句的that可以省略,但正式文体中不可以有省略

eg宾:She said that she would marry a rich man

③表语从句:系动词后有引导词,一定是表语从句


④同位语从句:n后有引导词,98%是定语从句,2%是同位语从句(几乎不可能是)。




07 语法长难句7 P7 - 01:32:08


一、什么是定语: ...的n.

二、定语的成分:

1、形容词

eg:The naive nightingale lost his life.

2、名词

eg: The singing(歌声) of the nightingale enables the rose to bloom.

3、介词短语

eg: The nightingale out of the window heard the sigh of the youngster.

4、非谓语

eg:The singing nightingale died pitifully.

5、从句


三、位置

前小后大

【特殊1】形容词修饰不定代词时,放在不定代词后

eg:Do you have something special

【特殊2】过去分词修饰名词时,即使只有一个单词也放在名词后。

eg:The boy discarded looks pitiful




08 语法长难句8 P8 - 16:18


四、定语从句构成

1、构成:n+引导词+句子。

2、引导词:按照先行词的种类分5类共8个

①人:who whom whose(that在正式文体不能指人)

②物:that which whose

eg: The rose (that) the nightingale exchangde his life was discarded.

③地点:where what which

④时间:when(adv.) that which

eg:I will never forget the day (when) I met you. 副词不能充当成分

eg:I will never forget the day (that/which) we spent

⑤原因:why what which

eg: You had better have no reason (why) you are late.


3、谁决定用哪个引导词

(1)先行词,(2)引导词在从句中充当的成分

分类新标准:

(1)代词(充当主语/宾语的成分):who whom that which

(2)副词(不充当主语/宾语的成分):where when why

(3)形容词(从句中修饰离他最近的名词):whose


4、定语从句的特殊用法

(1)如果先行词和引导词之间有介词,人不用who,只能用whom;物不用that,只能用which

eg:I will never forget the day on (which) I met you.

eg:He is the man from (whom) wr should to learn.

(2)区别限制和非限制性定语从句

eg:I love my teacher, who looks elegant我喜欢那个老师,她看起来(也)很漂亮

eg:I love my teacher who looks elegant.我喜欢那个漂亮的老师

非限制性定语从句在长难句分析时,就相当于插入语,可以完全不看

(3)that 引导的定语从句,如果在从句中充当宾语,that可以省略

在分析长难句时,若看到两个名词或代词直接放在一起,中间没有被任何连词/引导词隔开,此时通常是省略that的定语从句

(4)

eg: He is the same man that I love他就是我爱的那个男人

eg:He is the same man as I love他就像我爱的那个男人


5、考点分析

1、写作:只要在作文中见到名词,都可以给他加一个定语的成分,把句子拉长

(1)万能定语:

n1 as well as n2 和 such as...

eg:

eg:Reading books such as little prince, a nightingale and a rose, and Jane Ayer can broaden horizon of all ordinary citizens(所有人).

(2)学会合句子

我昨天去逛街,遇到一个女生,她的妈妈很漂亮→我昨天去逛街遇到了一个妈妈很漂亮的女生

eg:I, going shopping yesterday, came across a lady whose mother looks elegant.


2、长难句分析

(1)定语从句是对前面名词的修饰,同位语是对前面名词的解释

(2)that如果充当成分就是定语从句,不充当成分就是同位语从句

(3)定语从句的先行词可以是所有名词(一个人是不能被完全限定的),而同位语从句的先行词只能是抽象名词!(dream,rumor,fact...)

(4)定语从句的引导词有8个,而同位语从句的引导词通常是that

(5)只要n后的东西不是谓语,就暂定为定语从句(状语也有可能)

(6)如果主句的谓语动词在定语之前的话,定语就从名词后开始,通常到句末结束

一个大定语通常套有很多个小定语,翻译成定语3的定语2的定语1的n.

eg:I love Liu from Henan/ with a large population/ kind as well as diligent.


6、定语和定语从句的最难点

(1)寻找先行词:离他最近的名词

(2)离他最近的几个并列的名词

(3)定语从句的先行词是离他最近的从句

(4)定语从句的先行词是一整个句子

(5)定语从句的先行词和引导词之间被一些东西隔开了




11 语法长难句11 P11 - 22:12


1、动词能充当的成分

(1)分类:

①系动词

②助动词:一句话中帮助谓语构成时态、被动、否定和疑问的词。

I am going to be lawyer

I am beaten.

Do you love me?

③情态动词:表明说话人主观态度的词

  • 表示对现在和将来的推测:情态动词+动词原形

eg:Mr. Yu must be wealthy一定有

Mr. Yu cannot be wealthy.一定没


  • 表示对过去的推测

eg:Mr.Yu must have been(过去一定做过) self-biased(自卑的) in his university.

eg:You needn't(本不应该做却做了) shown your love in this way.

eg:I could have(本能做却没做) become a prominent poet

eg:They should have(本应该做却没做) got married if there existed a chance

eg:Women could have earned much money but

④实义动词:




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