我们需要停止大规模监视的转变

律师、技术专家和 TED 研究员 Albert Fox Cahn 说，大规模监控比你想象的要糟糕，但解决方案比你想象的要简单。他分解了执法部门用来清理我们日常技术收集的大量关于我们的数据的粗暴策略，阐述了新的法律防火墙如何保护公众免受地理围栏令和其他监视滥用的侵害——以及我们如何结束迫在眉睫的情况大规模监视的反乌托邦。

We all know we're tracked everywhere we go. But as a lawyer, a technologist and anti-surveillance activist, I'm here to tell you two things: the threat is way worse than you realize and the solutions simpler than you think. And no, it's not wearing a tinfoil hat.

我们都知道我们走到哪里都会被跟踪。 但作为一名律师、技术专家和反监视活动家， 我在这里告诉你两件事： 威胁比你意识到 的要严重得多，解决方案比你想象的要简单。 不，它没有戴锡纸帽子。

You may know that advertisers can record every link you clickand every place you've been, but you may not realize the government can buy that data, too. If the NYPD wants to track a BLM protest, they can buy the data. If Texas wants to watch an abortion clinic, they can buy the data. And when the IRS wants to know if your Florida company is really doing work in California,they don't need to buy the data. They already did. Millions of our location records.

你可能知道广告商可以记录你点击 的每一个链接和你去过的每一个地方， 但你可能没有意识到政府也可以购买这些数据。 如果纽约警察局想要追踪 BLM 抗议，他们可以购买数据。 如果德州想观察堕胎诊所， 他们可以购买数据。 而当 IRS 想知道 您在佛罗里达州的公司是否真的在加利福尼亚州开展业务时， 他们不需要购买数据。他们已经做到了。 数以百万计的位置记录。

And what the government can't buy, it can take by force, crudely wielding our 18th century constitution against 21st century technology. With a geofence warrant, companies are forced to hand over our location data -- not for one person, but everyone, every single user in a geographic area, whether a single room or an entire city. In one Virginia case, police cast a digital dragnet far beyond the crime scene, forcing Google to identify everyone nearby, even those at a church, even though they weren't even suspects. It's not only Orwellian, it's bad policing. Search widely enough and someone's movements will always look suspicious.Like an Arizona man wrongly arrested for murder miles awaysimply because someone was logged into his Google account.Or a Florida man connected to a crime scene for biking around the neighborhood.

政府买不到的东西，它可以用武力拿走， 粗暴地用我们的 18 世纪宪法 对抗 21 世纪的技术。 有了地理围栏令， 公司被迫交出我们的位置数据——不是一个人， 而是每个人，一个地理区域中的每个用户， 无论是一个房间还是整个城市。 在弗吉尼亚州的一个案例中，警方在犯罪现场之外撒下了一张数字拉网， 迫使谷歌识别附近的每个人，甚至是教堂里的人，即使他们甚至不是嫌疑人。这不仅是奥威尔式的，而且是糟糕的治安。搜索得足够广泛，某人的动作总是看起来很可疑。 就像一个亚利桑那州的男子仅仅因为有人登录了他的谷歌账户就因在 数英里外的谋杀罪而被错误地逮捕。或者一个佛罗里达男子连接到犯罪现场 ，在附近骑自行车。

Look, I don't know about you, but I find it hard enough to work up the energy to work out without worrying that my Fitbit is going to land me in jail.

听着，我不了解你， 但我发现很难增加精力去锻炼， 而不用担心我的 Fitbit 会把我送进监狱。

Technology makes tracking possible, but it's our laws that give it force, posing a deeply discriminatory danger to BIPOC communities, LGBTQ individuals and undocumented families. We can't continue to watch officers shred the Fourth Amendment safeguards against search and seizure. We can't wait for the Supreme Court to act. We must ban geofence warrants and other surveillance abuses today.

技术使追踪成为可能， 但赋予它力量的是我们的法律， 对 BIPOC 社区、 LGBTQ 个人和无证家庭构成了极具歧视性的危险。 我们不能继续眼睁睁地看着警察撕碎第四修正案 防止搜查和扣押的保障措施。 我们不能等待最高法院采取行动。 我们今天必须禁止地理围栏令和其他监视滥用行为。

For years, privacy advocates have fought how companies collect our data. And we failed. Maybe we should have tried the tinfoil hats after all.

多年来，隐私权倡导者一直在与公司收集我们数据的方式作斗争。而我们失败了。 也许我们毕竟应该尝试过锡纸帽子。

But we can stop mass surveillance if we change the problem we're trying to fix. Shifting our focus from how companies collect our data to how governments abuse it.

但如果我们改变我们试图解决的问题，我们就 可以停止大规模监视。将我们的重点从公司如何收集我们的数据 转移到政府如何滥用它。

In America, our default rule is that every smartphone, computer and Internet-enabled toaster oven is a police tool in the making.Officers can seize our devices and wiretap Alexa, but they don't control the contours of our Constitution. It's our decision, our democratic decision, whether our data can be used for undemocratic ends. We can create new firewalls to protect our information -- not computer code, but legal codes that shield us from having our data used against us in a court of law. Legal firewalls are already becoming a reality in New York. At the pandemic's height, we feared how police and ICE might misuse data from new contact tracing apps that monitor everyone nearby. So we worked with the New York Civil Liberties Union,doctors, grassroots organizers to create the first ban on police access to contact tracing data in the country.

在美国，我们的默认规则是 ，每部智能手机、电脑和联网烤箱 都是制作中的警察工具。 警察可以没收我们的设备并窃听 Alexa， 但他们无法控制我们宪法的轮廓。 这是我们的决定，我们的民主决定，我们的数据是否可以用于不民主的目的。 我们可以创建新的防火墙来保护我们的信息—— 不是计算机代码，而是 保护我们的数据免于在法庭上对我们不利的法律代码。 法律防火墙已经在纽约成为现实。 在大流行的高峰期， 我们担心警察和 ICE 可能会滥用来自新的接触者追踪应用程序的数据 监视附近的每个人。 因此，我们与纽约公民自由联盟、 医生、基层组织者 合作，制定了该国第一个禁止警察获取接触者追踪数据的禁令。

No one should fear that they'll be arrested because of public health data, but that remains a risk in 49 states. Legal firewalls let us have our technology and our Constitution too, enabling innovation by outlawing oppression. We see glimmers of Beltway bipartisanship, but state and local governments are our brightest hope. That's because it can take millions of people to enact a national statute, but just a handful of committed activists can make changes in their community. And we already see a deluge of state and local protections, including a bill I helped write, New York's first in the nation ban on geofence warrants.

没有人应该担心他们会 因为公共卫生数据而被捕， 但这在 49 个州仍然存在风险。 法律防火墙让我们也拥有我们的技术和宪法， 通过取缔压迫来实现创新。 我们看到了环城公路两党合作的曙光， 但州和地方政府是我们最光明的希望。 这是因为 制定一项国家法规可能需要数百万人， 但只有少数忠诚的活动家可以在他们的社区中做出改变。 我们已经看到了大量的州和地方保护措施， 包括我帮助编写的一项法案，这 是纽约在全国范围内第一个禁止地理围栏令的法案。

And even some courts agree. Just last month, a federal judge struck down that sprawling Virginia geofence, calling on state lawmakers to enact bills like my own. As a teenage protester, NYPD camcorders shoved in my face, I saw surveillance as a threat, and people thought my fears were something out of science fiction. Today, they increasingly think that surveillance is inevitable and that privacy is the fantasy.

甚至一些法院也同意。 就在上个月，一位联邦法官推翻了 弗吉尼亚州庞大的地理围栏， 呼吁州立法者制定像我自己一样的法案。 作为一名十几岁的抗议者，纽约警察局的摄像机被推到了我的脸上， 我将监视视为一种威胁， 人们认为我的恐惧来自科幻小说。 今天，他们越来越多地认为监视是不可避免 的，而隐私是幻想。

But I'm actually more optimistic than ever. It had to get this bad for the denial to break and for the public to act. I know we can push back that looming dystopia. I know we can protect everything that technology might make possible tomorrow,

但我实际上比以往任何时候都更加乐观。 为了打破否认并让公众采取行动，它必须变得如此糟糕。 我知道我们可以推翻迫在眉睫的反乌托邦。我知道我们可以保护明天技术可能实现的一切，

but only if we ban surveillance abuses today.

但前提是我们今天禁止滥用监控。