Leviathan - 03

===CHAPTER IX ：OF THE SEVERAL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE

THERE are of KNOWLEDGE two kinds; whereof one is knowledge of fact: 

the other knowledge of the consequence of one affirmation to another. 

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The former is nothing else, but sense and memory, and is 

absolute knowledge; as when we see a fact doing, or remember it done: 

and this is the knowledge required in a witness. 

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The latter is called science; and is conditional; as when we know, 

if the figure shown be a circle, then any straight line through 

the centre shall divide it into two equal parts. And this is the 

knowledge required in a philosopher; that is to say, of him that 

pretends to reasoning. 

The register of knowledge of fact is called history. Whereof 

there be two sorts: one called natural history; which is the history of

such facts, or effects of nature, as have no dependence on man's will; 

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The other, is civil history; which is the history of the voluntary 

actions of men in commonwealths. 

SCIENCE, that is, knowledge of consequences; which is 

called also PHILOSOPHY.

★ p112-p113 导图总结

===CHAPTER X : OF POWER, WORTH, DIGNITY, HONOUR, AND WORTHINESS 

Natural power, is the eminence of the faculties of body, 

or mind: as extraordinary strength, form, prudence, arts, 

eloquence口才, liberality★慷慨/宽容, nobility高贵. 

The greatest of human powers, is that which is compounded 

of the powers of most men, united by consent赞成, in one person, 

natural, or civil, that has the use of all their powers 

depending on his will.

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Therefore to have servants, is power; to have 

friends, is power: for they are strengths united. 

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Also riches joined with liberality, is power; because it 

procures friends, and servants: without liberality, not so; because 

in this case they defend not; but expose men to envy, as a prey被捕食者. 

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Reputation of power, is power；

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Also, what quality soever maketh a man beloved, or feared of 

many; or the reputation of such quality, is power; because it is a 

means to have the assistance, and service of many. 

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Good success is power; because it makes reputation of 

wisdom, or good fortune; which makes men either fear

him, or rely on him. 

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Eloquence口才/雄辩 is power; because it is seeming prudence. 

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Form is power; because being a promise of good, it 

recommends men to the favour of women and strangers.