2023专八备考之改错,一起努力吧

关于我的改错笔记1
改错技巧:先略读原文

1. 短语搭配错误、
2. 易混词错误、
3.逻辑关系词错误、
4. 代词错误、
5. 冠词错误、
6. 形容词与副词错误、
7. 成分残缺或多余、
8. 时态错误、
9.现在分词与过去分词误用、
10. 从句引导词的误用



常错题
any-any other其他的
any-either任一端(两端)
a million/hundred/thousand/billion of book-books
life costs-living costs
interests-interest兴趣没有复数利益有复数
the very survival- the very+名词,very 的这种用法表示加强语气,可以译为“同一的”、“正是的”、“恰好的”,它的前面通常用定冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等。例如:He died in this very room. 他就是在这个房间里去世的。That might provoke a riot, the very thing he was trying to avoid. 那可能会激起一场骚乱,而这正是他竭力想要避免的。(摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第六版 very )
even if虽然-even(even if 在语法功能上相当于连词,后面加句子。而even 是副词,作状语,后面不能直接加句子)
as about-as if /as though about好像要
make an act-perform/do an act
raise加宾语-rise起身提高
post邮递-posture姿势,态度
a few miles far-a few miles away还有几英里远
Large numbers of us remains- Large numbers of us remain
firstly首先 hear-first初次 hear
holding a community-holding a community together是把社区团结在一起的工具
literal字面意思-literate有能力的(人)-literary文学的literacy读写能力-literature文学
the price of sth in- the price of sth with..以什么方法算钱
facial value-face value面值
small amount of-a small amount of/amounts of+单数,the amount of sth…的数量(不可数)+复数 a large(great,good)amount of +不可数名词,谓语动词一般用单数;但(large,great,good)amounts of + 可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
some kind of 某种某些-some kinds of 有些种类
be unconscious with- be unconscious of
speak out大声说-speak说出来
ask问-ask for请求(ask about询问)
handle with-handle/deal with
all/some of 不可数可数单复数,both of 可数复数, neither of/either of 单数
per every day-per day/every day
on average of
将as 改为while或者whereas, sth as sth-sth while/whereas sth
provide for-provide/account for占
despite of- despite +n, in spite of
no more than仅仅,more than 不仅仅
whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever, however用法归纳 一、引导状语从句它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句),其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等,相当于英语中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。二、除引导状语从句外,whatever, whoever, whichever等还可引导名词性从句三、用于加强语气
含有“究竟”、“到底”之义。
一、Even though 用于总是做某事或提及事实时,even when 用于偶尔做某事时,even if 是指很少做或只是想象的事情,例如:
Even though Bob studied very hard, he still failed his French tests.
尽管鲍勃学习很努力,但他的法语考试还是不及格。
解析:鲍勃总是努力学习。但不幸的是,他没有通过测试。
Even when Bob studied very hard, he still failed his French tests.
即使鲍勃学习很努力,他的法语考试还是不及格。
解析:鲍勃有时学习很用功,但实际上没有什么不同。他每次学习都不及格。
Even if Bob studied very hard, he still failed his French tests.
即使鲍勃学习很努力,他的法语考试还是不及格。
解析:鲍勃平时学习不努力。但在他努力学习的罕见情况下,他仍然没有通过考试。
二、However, but, yet, while, whereas 表转折的区别
however: 然而,不过。位置句首、句中,用逗号隔开;语气比but 弱,不直接引出相反意见。用作副词较常见。
but: 但是,用来引出相反意见或不同情况,常用于口语中。连接两个并列的成分或句子,语气较强,在意义上构成明显的对比。与前分句可用(可不用)逗号,与后分句不用逗号。
but 一般不可与 yet, however, nevertheless 等连接性状语连用,但可以和on the contrary, on the other hand, still 等连用
yet: 作连词时,“然而,可是,却,而”,与but相比,比较的意味较强,经常以and yet形式出现。
while: 并列连词时,while conj. 然而 = whereas 表示对比或用于引出相反的情况。只强调两者之间的对比,并不强调转折。并列句、且两个句子谓语动词同时发生或结构相同。
but 口语常用词,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反,放句中。
however 表转折关系,语气稍弱于but,连接性也弱一些,因而常作插入语,放句中,常常在前面用逗号。
still 语气强,多用于肯定句或疑问句。指尽管作出让步,采取措施或表示反对,但情况仍然如故,无所改变。
yet 常用于否定句,语气比still稍强。指不管作出多大努力或让步,仍达不到预期的结果。一般放在句末,前面一般不用加逗号。
nevertheless 指尽管作出完全让步,也不会发生任何影响。
while 表对比,一般可与whereas换用,但程度弱一些。
whereas 表对比,一般可与while互换。
注4:only 用作表示意义转折的并列连词,只见于非正式文体。
You may go, only come back early. (only =but) 你可以走,但要早点回来。
He wants to buy the watch, only he can’t afford it. 他想买这块表,但他买不起。
注5:however 释义
adv. 无论如何;不管怎样 However hard it may be, do your best.
adv. 尽管如此;然而 Later, however, he decided to go.
adv. (表示惊奇)怎样;怎么 However did you find it? 你是怎样找到它的?
conj. 不管怎样;不管用什么方法 He can go however be like.他想怎么去都行。
whereas与while的区别
1.whereas = while
while前后句子之结构要求并列相对,whereas 在结构上则不一定不需要严格平行。(OG12-131)
whereas/while这种连词连接的比较成分不要求含义上绝对的平行
2.whereas连接的平行比较只要求对比的核心逻辑上有对称关系,不要求对称位置必须是对称名词,下面句子中主从句的主语分别是energy和nuclear power并不是对称名词,但是对比的核心都是“核能发电占总产出能量的份额”,如OG12-131:
Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany.
*:
但是如果whereas后面接介词短语,那么主句的开头也必须需要是介词短语(whereas后出现介词短语或者状语都会非常对称)如OG-113:
Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.
如果whereas后接单纯主谓宾(或主系表),主句也要尽量用单纯的主谓宾(或主系表)来对应,如prep08 194:
Whereas the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used again.
3.while 引导的从句:
1)意思是“当…时”,放句首或句中
2)意思是“转折对比contrast”时,多放在句中,也可以放在句首。while表示对比概念的时候,两个事物要是同时发生(但是while本身并没有at the same time的意思,所以while at the same time是可以prep 1-96)。
3)意思是“虽然、尽管”(让步)时,多放在句首。(=although)
4)表示条件,意为"只要",其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。
*:While放在句中时要特别注意,像OG12-131的A选项,ETS说while 放在中间表示“同时发生”的意思大于对比的意思。
Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent.
2.1、更多例子:
从属连词whereas意为:“然而,但是,反之”(but, in constrast, on the contrary, while)用于陈述相反的话,引出表示对比、对立或直接相反(Direct Opposition)的状语从句,是正式用法,语气强并且书卷气较重,通常多位于居中,也可置于句首;通常多用逗号隔开,也有语法学家和某些权威词典主张不用逗号。如
(3)His parents were rich, whereas mine had to struggle.
(4)Many small birds use new sites for each nesting, whereas large birds often reuse the same nest.
(5)Whereas it is day with us, it is night with the Americans. (=It is day with us, whereas it is night with the Americans.)
应该注意的是whereas引导的从句与主句在意义上不仅是对立和相反的,而且也是并列的(因此也有人认为whereas是并列连词),两者可以互换,无论主句在前,还是从句在前,其句意都不变。如
(6)Old people in my country usually live with their children, whereas the old in the United States often live by themselves. (=Whereas old people in my country usually live with their children, the ole in the United States.)
即使主句和从句改变词序,其实际意义也大体相同。如:
(7)They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat. (=Whereas we want a flat, they would rather live in a house.)
那么,whereas 与while可以换用吗?两者有何区别呢?
同样,while也可意为:“(然)而,但是,反之”(but, whereas),也可引出表示对比或相反情况的状语从句,相当于whereas,两者通常可以换用,但不如whereas正式,语气也不如whereas强,是普通用语,更为多用。如:
(8)They spend all their money on their house, whereas(while) are prefer to spend ours on traveling.
(9)While(Whereas) some newspapers have no advertising at all others carry many advertisements.
与whereas一样,主句和从句之间通常也用逗号隔开,但也可不用。如
(10)That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.
同样,也有人将while看作并列连词。顺便说一下,whilst 与while 同义,但比while正式,尤其多用在英国英语中,如:
(11)Raspberries have a matt, spongy surface whilst blackberries have a taut, shiny skin.
最后,where作连词用时,也可意为:“(然)而,反之”(but, whereas),引出表示对比或与主句意思相反的状语从句,相当于意思接近于whereas和while,但通常多用于口语,而whereas是正式用法,多用于书面语(但有时也可用于口语)。如句(7)中的whereas可换用where而意思不变。又如:
(12)Some people spend their spare time reading, where others watch television.
(13)She is very diligent, whereas(while, where) he is very lazy.
值得注意的是whereas和while也可引出让步状语从句(adverbial clause of concession, 意为:“虽然,尽管”(although),多位于句首,比较文气。如:
(14)Whereas the amendment is enthusiastically supported by a large majority in the Senate, its fate is doubtful in the House.
(15)While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.你的问题或可得到解决。
三
一、fairly
fairly所表达的程度语气是最轻的,虽然经常与褒义词连用,但是由于语气比较弱,因此就算是恭维或者是赞赏都是不明显的,程度比普通稍好,翻译为‘还算’,‘相当’。比如说某一部刚上映的电影fairly good,评价就是勉强可以看,过得去,没有给予否定。
例如:
At minimum, Library Schools do seem to be fairly good at doing this important task.
二、quite
quite在语气上会稍稍加重,所表达的意思为‘颇’,‘相当’。就像我们刚刚打的比方,比如说某一部刚上映的电影quite good,那么就死说这一步电影相当不错,虽然不是很好,但是也是值得看的。
例如:
The matter in your composition is quite good but the writing is not lucid enough.
三、rather/pretty
rather/pretty在语气上又会在加重一点点,别看是两个词,但是它们在程度的表达上是一样的,翻译的意思为‘十分’,‘相当’,只是rather会比pretty显得更为正式。比如说某一部刚上映的电影rather/pretty good,那么就是说这一部电影很不错,在语气上要重一点,表达出一种惊讶感,意只这个是要高出一般水平的,或是出乎你的意料之外的好。
例如:
I thought it was pretty good really, for a first attempt.
And besides, I felt rather good about myself.
这两个词都是可以与褒义词或贬义词进行连用的,与褒义词连用,表示一种愉快的心情,而与贬义词或中性词连用的时候,表示的屙屎一种不满意或不赞成的心情。
四、very
very这个词不陌生吧,这个就是表程度里面语气最强的,意为‘很’,‘非常’。如果说某一部刚上映的电影very good,那就是说这部电影是真的很好,是精品之作。
例如:
You have to be a very good actor to play that part.
1.在这四个词里面,能够与比较级或too连用的只有rather,其他几个是不能够的。
2.而能够用在冠词前面的,或者是和动词进行连用的,在这里就只有quite和rather,其他几个则不能够。
3.在名词前面有形容词的时候,fairly, quite, rather三者是可以放在a/an后面的。
4.没有程度差别的词只能够与quite进行连用,是不能够与其他几个进行连用的,而没有程度的词比如:perfect,impossible,right,ready,unique等等。
5.rather可用在alike,like,similar,different等词及比较级之前,这时它的含义是‘少许’,‘略微’。例如:Siamese cats are rather like dogs in some ways.
6.rather可以用在某些褒义的形容词和副词之前,如amusing,clever,good,pretty,well等,但其含义变了。这时它几乎相当于very之意,没有贬义,如She is rather clever(她很聪明)。这句含义相当于She is very clever。rather这样用时显然具有比fairly更深的褒义,如It is a fairly good play(这个戏还算可以)。这一说法会起到劝阻旁人去看戏的作用。但如果说It israther a good play(这个戏很好)则无疑是一种推荐。有时rather这样用时含有“惊讶”之意
7.rather也可用在enjoy与like这两个词前,有时还可用在dis-like与object这一类动词之前。例如:He rather enjoys queueing.
8.rather+like/enjoy主要用于表现一种‘喜爱’,而这种喜爱是出乎旁人或说话者本人意料之外的。但它也可以用来强调动词,如I rather like Tom。这就要比I likeTom具有更强烈的感情色彩。
改错
【1】固定搭配(箭头右边表示正确的搭配)
1. in return to → in return for 报答
2. substitute A with B → substitute A for B 用A代替B
3. account 20% → account for 20% 占据…比例
4. attitude on life → attitude towards/to life 对生活的态度
5. in a quick speed → at a quick speed 高速
6. with many respects → in many respects 在许多方面
7. considerations to… → considerations for… 考虑
8. become victims of … → become victims to … 成为牺牲品
9. the problems with the government → the problems for the government 政府的难题
10. resistance of → resistance to 抵抗
11. embark sth. → embark on sth. 着手做某事
12. at advance of sth. → in advance of sth. 提前,在…之前
13. interpret… to → interpret… as 把…解释为…
14. take pride of → take pride in 引以为豪
15. leap out to… → leap out at… 扑过来
16. inject them lethal strains → inject them with lethal strains 注射
17. escape from him under questioning-escape him under questioningescape在作 “被某人情不自禁地说出来”讲时,是及物动词,而只在作 “逃跑”讲时,才时不及物动词.
18. imbalance of A and B → imbalance between A and B A与B间的不平衡
19. fortify sb. for sth. → fortify sb. against sth.with sth 加强…以抵御…
20. cast/ throw/ shed light to sth. → cast/throw/ shed light on sth. 给…提供线索
21. in proportion with → in proportion to 与…成比例
22. pay for it with dollars → pay for it in dollars 用美元支付
23. be in liberty to → be at liberty to 不受限制或支配
24. be contrasted to → be contrasted with 形成反差,对立
25. commit an offence to → commit an offence against 犯罪行为
26. ability of (doing) sth. → ability in (doing) sth. 做某事的能力
27. defend sth. against → defend sth. from 保护不受伤害
28. at the first place → in the first place 首先
29. take to do → take to doing 求助于,开始
30. yearn to → yearn for 渴望
31. at average → on average 平均
32. identify oneself to → identify oneself with 参加到…中
33. be successful on doing → be successful at/in doing 成功做某事
34. get one’s teeth on → get one’s teeth into 埋头做,认真做
35. approach to do … → approach to doing … 做某事的方法
36. succeed doing sth. → succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
37. demand of luxury goods → demand for luxury goods 对奢侈品的需求
38. differ A from B → distinguish A from B 把A和B区分开
【2】形近异义词的区分
1. adapt v. 适合,改写 – adopt v. 采纳;收养
2. confirm v. 批准,确认 – conform v. 准守
3. former adj. 前者的 – formal adj. 正式的
4. diary n. 日记 – dairy n. 牛奶场
5. personal adj.私人的 – personnel n.人员
6. beside prep. 在…旁边 – besides adv. 除了还有-except除外
7. principal adj. 主要的 – principle n. 原则
8. conscious n. 意识 – conscientious adj. 认真负责的,良心的
9. stationary adj.固定的,不动的 – stationery n. 文具,办公用品
10. considerate adj. 体贴的 – considerable adj. 大量的
11. affect v. 影响 – effect n. 影响
12. contact v. 联系 – contract v. 收缩
13. moral adj. 道德的 – morale n. 士气
14. industrious adj. 勤奋的 – industrial adj. 工业的
15. desert n. 沙漠;v. 抛弃 – dessert n. 甜品
16. require v. 要求 – acquire v. 获得,习得 – inquire v.咨询
17. presence n. 出现,出席 – presentation n. 展示
18. transformation n. 改变 – transmission n. 传播
19. value n. 价值 – evaluate v. 评估,测评
20. tense n. 时态;adj. 紧的 – tension n. 紧张
21. cooker n. 厨具 – cook n. 厨师
22. complexity n. 复杂性– complex n. 合成体
23. insurance n. 保险 – assurance n. 担保
24. provide v. 提供 – provided/providing 如果
25. perceive v. 理解为,注意到 – conceive v. 构想,设想
26. effective adj. 有效的 – affective adj. 受…影响的
27. latter adj. 后面的 – later adj. 后来
28. late adj. 迟的,已故的 – latest adj.最晚的,最新的
29. farther adj.距离更远 – further adj.程度更进一步
30. healthy adj.健康的 – healthful adj.有益健康的
31. continual adj.连续的 – continuous adj.持续不断的
32. respectable adj.可敬的; 体面的 – respectful adj.表示尊敬的
33. historic adj.有历史意义的 – historical adj.有关历史的
34. rise vi. 起立;升起;(声音)提高 – raise vt. 举起;种植;唤醒;提出;鼓起
35. producing v. 生产 – productive adj. 产量高的
36. lonely adj.精神上寂寞 – alone adj.单独,一个人
37. across prep. 从中间穿过(介词) – cross v. 穿过(动词)
38. permit n. 通行证 – permission n. 允许
39. memorizing v. 记住 – memorable adj. 值得纪念的
40. normal n.常态,通常标准 – norm n. 规范,行为标准
41. acceptability n. 可接受性 – acceptance n. 接受
42. economical adj. 节俭的 – economic adj. 经济的
43. agent n. 代理人 – agency n. 代理机构
44. reward n. 回馈 – award n. 奖赏
45. special adj. 特殊的 – specific adj. 特定的
【3】逻辑连词:根据上下文逻辑关系,选择正确的逻辑连词
1. therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however)
2. and – but
3. but – because
4. moreover – however
5. after – before
6. since – although
7. that – if
8. from now on – from then on
9. all – none
10. if – unless除非除外
11. besides – except
12. therefore – because
13. so – because
14. that’s why +结果 – that’s because +原因
【4】冠词:不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词
(1)冠词多余
1. on the either side –> on either side
2. in the Europe –> in Europe
3. in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加冠词)
4. take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议,不同意)
(2)冠词缺漏
1. among most –> among the most
2. one of first –> one of the first
3. atmosphere –>the atmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)
4. between us and rest –> between us and the rest
5. in minority –> in the minority
6. around floor –> around the floor
7. piano –>the piano (乐器前要有定冠词)
8. English language –>the English language
9. at heart of –> at the heart of
10. in long run –> in the long run
【5】形容词副词混用:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子
1. be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as
2. heavy industrialized –>heavily-industrialized
3. spread colossal –> spread colossally
4. similar strong –>similarly strong
5. feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted
6. comparative high proportion –>comparatively high proportion
7. in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years
8. culture embedded attitudes –>culturally embedded attitudes
9. increasing – increasingly
10. simple – simply
11. pure – purely
12. much – many
【6】成分残缺、多余
1. a world which I could get… – a world in which I could get…
2. the idea shows – the idea that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语,关系代词不可省略)
3. take for granted that – take it for granted that
4. one of the most glaring form – one of the most glaring forms
5. their jobs engage in their interest – their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表示“占用(某人时间),吸引(某人注意力)”)
6. complain about sth. – complain sth.complain~ (to sb) (about/of sth)
7. work sth. – work out sth.
8. believe in – believe (believe单独使用表示一般的“相信”,believe in表示“信任某人,信仰…”)
9. 20 percents – 20 percent
10. eyes contact – eye contact
11. seven – seventh
12. the process which it function – the process by which it function
13. communication service – communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)
14. average incomes – average income (income为不可数名词)
15. the like of – the likes of (诸如此类的)像这样的
16. be referred to XX – be referred to as XX