共生 / Symbiosis


「释义」
共生一词在英文或是希腊文字面意义就是“共同”和“生活”,是两生物体之间生活在一起的交互作用。
共生是一个生物概念,可以粗略地定义为生物之间的伙伴关系。共生在数十亿年来一直帮助生物进行创新并扩展到新的生态位置。共生使生物能够抵御天敌,吸引猎物进入口中,以及在不存在阳光的环境产生能量等。地球上的每个生物都与其他生物有许多共生关系。
在商业中,共生也是一种强大的力量。
「应用场景」
忘记交换条件。
Forget quid pro quo.
有一段时间,生态学界盛行一种芝加哥经济学院的心态。人们一直在寻找成本效益函数,因为这些函数支配着自然共生合作关系。问题是这些函数并不存在。共生合作关系之所以发生,是因为能解决问题,而不是因为实现了某种帕累托最优分配。
For a while in ecology, a sort of Chicago School of Economics mentality prevailed, and there was a near-constant search to identify the cost-benefit functions that supposedly govern natural symbiotic partnerships. The problem is, those functions don’t exist. Symbiotic partnerships occur because they solve problems, not because some Pareto optimal resolution has been achieved.
有时,合作关系中的一方获得了巨大的利益,而另一方却几乎没有受益。有时一方放弃了很多,以便能够适应困难的环境。
Sometimes one side of the partnership benefits enormously while the other barely benefits, and sometimes one side gives up an awful lot in order to be able to adapt to difficult circumstances.
当Dr Pepper Snapple集团想要接触到一个庞大但棘手的人群(千禧一代)时,它与Viacom(千禧一代熟悉的MTV的母公司)建立了一种新颖的共生关系。为了吸引MTV,Dr Pepper提出了不同寻常的提议:让MTV选择它想推广的任何鲜为人知的Dr Pepper品牌,并提供该品牌的Viacom股权。最后,MTV帮助Dr Pepper将一款名为Sun Drop的三线产品打造成风靡全国的产品,并让自己成为任何急于获得千禧一代关注的品牌的首选合作方。
When Dr Pepper Snapple Group wanted to reach a huge but tricky demographic — the Millennials — it developed a novel symbiosis with Viacom, the parent company of Millennial-tuned MTV. To draw MTV in, Dr Pepper made the unusual offer to let MTV choose any lesser-known Dr Pepper brand it wanted to market and offer Viacom equity in that brand. In the end, MTV helped Dr Pepper turn a third-tier product called Sun Drop into a national player, and gave itself credibility as the go-to marketer for any brand — no matter how staid — desperate for Millennial attention.
无法确定哪一方在这段关系中取得了最好的结局,这也没关系。如果任何一方由于共生而可以做得更好,那么合作就很有意义。
It’s impossible to say which side got the best end of this relationship, and it doesn’t matter — if either side can do just a little better as a result of a symbiosis, it makes sense to partner up.
《To Overcome Your Company’s Limits, Look to Symbiosis》
拉菲·萨加林(Rafe Sagarin)丨文
马冰仑 丨编辑