外刊高翻第30课
“碳中和”在中国爆红：
热闹背后的冷思考
Carbon neutrality in China:
behind the corporate hype
Businesses are eagerly responding to
China’s carbon neutrality target
– but the term is being misused.
第一段
“碳中和”一词正在中国快速流行起来。去年9月，在习近平主席提出争取在2060年前实现碳中和的时候，很多人还是第一次听说这个概念。半年过去了，对于碳中和的讨论越来越热，关注者也不再局限于环保气候领域。
Carbon neutrality may now be a buzzword in China but many will have heard it for the first time only last September, when Xi Jinping announced the country’s aim to be carbon neutral by 2060. Half a year later, debate is heating up far beyond those working in the environmental field.
与碳中和在投资圈走红相呼应的，是接连出现的企业碳中和倡议。去年12月以来，中石油、宝武钢铁、腾讯和金融科技公司蚂蚁集团等多家大型中国企业相继做出了碳中和相关表态或承诺。企业的积极响应值得称赞，但表态和承诺只是迈向自身碳中和的第一步，能否用实际行动兑现承诺、用什么样的措施实现目标，将是接下来最核心的问题。
With investors flooding in, companies are issuing carbon neutrality statements. Since December, major firms have outlined their positions and made commitments, including the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Baowu Steel, Tencent and fintech firm Ant Group.
The positive response is to be applauded, but represents only the first step for these firms. Whether their commitments will be realised, and how, will be key.
1. media hype媒体炒作 misused滥用
2. Buzzword热词 catch phrase /sth is catching on. gain currency/popularity
3. Will have heard对过去的虚拟假设
4. Be carbon neutral碳中和 peak/achieve carbon emission碳达峰
5. With sb doing sth(as/with/-ing三剑客，开头引出事实原因）
6. Flood in,flood the market with massive liquidity大水漫灌式
7. Outline概述
8. Praise worthy值得称赞
9. 大型中国企业：firm/corporation/fintech firm科技公司
10. And how，will be key 简明翻译
第二段
热烈响应“碳中和”
面对来自最高层的明确的碳中和政策信号，国企率先行动起来，其中不乏排放大户。
Answering the call
State-owned firms, including some of the biggest carbon emitters, were among the first to respond to the clear policy signals from the top.
中国三大石油公司中石油、中石化、中海油都表示已经启动碳中和路径研究，但尚未公布明确的碳中和时间表与行动计划。国家电网在今年3月初发布了“碳达峰、碳中和”行动方案，在提出加速公司自身减排的同时，更侧重的是其作为平台支持和推动整个电力行业向碳中和转型的路线图，但该方案没有提出实现达峰和中和的时间表。全球最大的钢铁制造集团宝武钢铁则拿出了明确的时间表：“2023年力争实现碳达峰，2035年力争减碳30%，2050年力争实现碳中和”。另一家特大型电力国企三峡集团也表示力争于2023年碳排放达峰、2040年实现碳中和。
The country’s three major oil firms, CNPC, Sinopec and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), all said they were working on carbon neutrality roadmaps. But clear timetables and action plans have not yet been published. The State Grid published a carbon action plan in early March, saying it would achieve carbon neutrality in its operations, and placing greater emphasis on its role in supporting and encouraging electricity generators in their transition plans. But again, no timetable for either peak carbon or carbon neutrality was offered. One of the world’s largest steelmakers, Baowu Steel, was able to specify dates: “Strive for peak carbon by 2023, a 30% reduction in emissions by 2035, and carbon neutrality by 2050.” The China Three Gorges Corporation, a major power generator, said it would also strive for peak carbon by 2023, with carbon neutrality to follow in 2040.
在私企中，信息技术企业走在了最前面。今年1月，腾讯宣布启动碳中和规划，但尚未明确实现碳中和的时间线和业务范围；3月，蚂蚁集团承诺在2030年实现净零排放，让公司运营、供应链及员工因公差旅产生的排放都实现中和。
Among private firms, the tech sector took the lead. In January, Tencent announced the launch of a carbon neutrality plan, but has not yet confirmed its scope or schedule. In March, Ant Group committed to net zero carbon emissions by 2030, with carbon neutrality for company operations, in its supply chain, and in business travel.
“航母级”国企和科技巨头带头提出碳中和倡议，无疑将对市场预期和投资走向产生影响。国家电网公布碳中和行动方案当天，碳中和概念股随之大涨。3月以来，虽然中国股市整体表现不佳，碳中和概念股却在持续走强。
These proposals from “mothership-class” SOEs and tech giants are bound to affect market expectations and investment decisions. “Carbon neutrality stocks” all saw big rises on the day the State Grid announced its action plan, rises which have continued since March, even while the Chinese stock market overall has struggled.
1. answering the call积极响应
2. State-owned firms国有企业 firm 代替enterprise
3. China is the major carbon emitter拟人化翻译 emitter发射器
4. Sb is among the first成为第一批+to do sth做某事的..
5. Oil major大的石油公司
6. Work on sth研究：We are working on sth我们正在进行研究..
7. The State Grid国家电网
8. 英文的语言是简洁的：强调如何做某事，关注do和go，emphasis on doing sth侧重做某事，
9. electricity generators 电力行业，拟人化翻译 power generator拟人化，可替换
10. Peak carbon碳达峰 做形容词或及物动词 ，此处是adj；peak carbon emission by+某年，此处是动词
11. Steelmaker钢铁制造集团，拟人化
12. specify dates明确时间表，简明英语
13. work towards/push for/strive for 努力 private firms私企
14. scope or schedule时间线和业务范围，英文翻译倒过来，原则是：字母少的在前，多的在后
15. Commit to sth 承诺做某事；tech giants科技巨头
16. in business travel公差
17. 无疑undoubtedly此处是必将 be bound to do sth正说翻译，反说正译
18. 【取具体舍宏观】 see/witness发生，实现，经历（时间地点拟人化）代替realise/experience等词；还可register/post/record big rises都可替换
第三段
如果说中国实现碳中和将是一场跨越40年的历史大戏，那么它有着颇为热闹的开场。但在这热闹之中我们必须追问，当企业在说碳中和时，到底是在说什么？
Achieving carbon neutrality in China is likely to take four decades, even if the process has started with a bang. But amidst all the hype, we have to ask: what do companies talk about when they talk about carbon neutrality?
光说“碳中和”是不够的，如果不说明是要在什么业务范围内实现它。对企业的温室气体排放进行测算和报告时，专业人士会基于国际惯用的“温室气体核算体系”在三个范围进行统计。
范围一只考虑企业拥有或控制的排放源产生的直接排放；范围二测算的与是企业购买的电力、蒸汽、供热或制冷有关的间接排放量；范围三则覆盖了企业价值链中产生的所有间接排放，包括所采购的原料、员工商务差旅、产品运输和配送等等环节中产生的排放。
Simply discussing carbon neutrality isn’t enough if they aren’t clear about the scope of their plans. When calculating and reporting corporate greenhouse gas emissions, specialists use the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, a global standardised framework which covers three different areas.
Scope 1 deals with direct emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company;
Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from purchased electricity (including steam, heating and cooling);
Scope 3 encompasses all indirect emissions in a company’s value chain, including from the purchase of raw materials, business travel and product transportation.
碳中和目标太模糊，这不是中国企业的专利，全球各地的企业和政府都有这样的问题。在《自然》杂志3月发表的一篇评论文章中，多位科学家指出，空洞的承诺、缺乏统一标准，导致外界很难了解大部分国家、企业实现目标的具体战略，更无法评估其实际影响。这些科学家呼吁各国政府和企业尽快提高碳中和目标和实施进展的透明度。
The situation is not exclusive to Chinese companies. The same can be said of businesses and governments around the world. In a comment piece published in Nature magazine in March, scientists wrote that empty commitments and a lack of standardisation were making it hard to understand how most businesses and governments intend to achieve their goals, much less evaluate actual results. The authors called for greater transparency as soon as possible.
实现碳中和意味着深刻的、甚至是超出常人想象的能源变革。在2018年联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的《1.5度特别报告》指出，实现《巴黎协定》中到本世纪末气温升高不超过前工业化时期1.5度这一目标，意味着全球须在2050年前后实现碳中和，届时世界煤炭使用几乎为零，对石油、天然气等其他化石能源的利用也将大大减少，至少超过七成的电力供应来自光伏和风能。
Carbon neutrality means deep reforms in the energy sector, possibly beyond what can easily be imagined. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2018 special report, Global Warming of 1.5C, pointed out that to limit warming in the year 2100 to 1.5C above a pre-industrial baseline the world needs to achieve carbon neutrality around 2050, with virtually zero coal use, huge cuts in use of other fossil fuels, and over 70% of electricity generation from wind and solar.
1，start with a bang有个热闹的开场
2，历史大戏， 翻译时需要揣摩，有些形象词不用翻，取具体舍宏观Achieving carbon neutrality in China is likely to take four decades
3，Protocol 议定书 Containment protocol疫情防控要求
4，including steam, heating and cooling 中文等等后面酌情删除
5，运输和配送 transportation
6，The same can be said 同样地 the same is too for sb.
7，How 删除再翻how most businesses and governments intend to achieve their goals
1，！！关注中国走向碳中和与碳达峰的表态， 了解大事，了解环境保护政策！！,
2，See/witness 时间，地点，人物都能做主语 ，出现，发生，实现，经历 register/record/post 都可替换！重点
3，Protocols 术语讲，条约，医疗方案，数据传输协议等 。Covid-19 response protocols 防控要求 Containment protocol疫情防控要求 Kyoto Protocol京都议定书
