布朗-阿布扎比
Speech delivered by Gordon Brown before the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference
英国首相在阿布扎比国际石油展览会上的发言
At a business event such as this it is right that we focus on the business relationship. But this is also a relationship between our people. Many Abu Dhabians come to the United Kingdom for their education and traditionally you have looked to our Armed Forces for training and for support. Outside NATO, no country has a closer relationship than you do with our Armed Forces.
在今天这样的商业活动中，我们应该重点谈论商业关系。然而这种商业关系同样也是我们双方人民之间的关系往来。许多阿布扎人前往英国求学，一直以来你们也借助着英国军队为你们提供军事培训和支持。在北约成员国以外，除了阿拉伯联合酋长国没有一个国家与我们的军队保持着如此密切的关系。
I believe there is no more appropriate a place for the world’s largest oil and gas conference than Abu Dhabi, the capital of one of the world’s most important hydrocarbon industries. I am proud that since you discovered oil 50 years ago, British oil companies have been working closely with their Abu Dhabi counterparts. I look forward to them contributing their knowledge and expertise for many decades to come.
阿布扎比是世界上最重要的烃生产国首都，因此在这里举行这次世界规模最大的石油和天然气会议再适合不过了。五十年前阿布扎比首次发现石油，自那时起英国的石油公司一直保持与阿布扎比石油公司的合作，对此我感到十分自豪。我希望英国的石油公司能在未来的几十年里继续贡献他们的技术和经验。
Britain is proud of its close and historic relationships with Abu Dhabi and with the whole of the Gulf. Trade was the initial spur of our relationship, but as our knowledge of the region has deepened our partnership has become stronger. Our ties have become more numerous and our commitment, I would say our mutual commitment, to each other has become more profound.
英国为与阿布扎比以及整个海湾地区保持着密切长久的关系往来而自豪。贸易是开启我们双方往来的原动力，但随着英国对该地区的了解不断加深，我们之间的合作也得到了加强，交往的领域也在不断扩大，我们对阿布扎比的重视程度，应该说是相互的重视程度也日益加深。
Trade this year, even in this most difficult of years, is up over 20%. Last year it exceeded £5 billion. The numbers of Britons working and living in the Gulf is now over 150,000. So I am very pleased to continue the tradition of British leaders who take a close interest in improving relationships with the Gulf. All the challenges we face today, we face together. By close collaboration and cooperation we give ourselves the best chance of success.
虽然今年我们遇到了多年一遇的经济困境，但我们的双边贸易仍然增长了20%，去年更是超过了五十亿英镑。目前，在海湾地区工作和生活的英国人已超过十五万人。因此我愿延续往届英国政府领导人的传统，积极加强与海湾地区的各种关系往来。今天我们面临着共同的挑战，但密切协同合作可以使我们成功地应对这些挑战。
This conference comes at a defining moment for the global economy. The decisions that we will take over the coming weeks and months will shape our world for a generation. At stake is not just the success and legitimacy of our global economy, but ultimately the security and prosperity of nations and communities in every corner of the world.
本次会议的召开时值世界经济发展的关键时刻。未来几周以及几个月我们所做的决定将影响一代人的生活。重要的不仅是全球经济的大发展以及合理性，归根结底重要的是世界各国各地区的安全与繁荣。
We have been witnessing over this last year a problem that began in sub-prime mortgage markets in America. Began with irresponsible and often undisclosed lending. In less than a year it has wiped $25 trillion off global share values. This financial shock has been combined with extraordinary commodity price shocks in commodities, in oil and food. These have been happening at a time when global climate change has also been recognised to be a global challenge - all bringing home to us more dramatically than ever before the true nature of our global interdependence. We know that when a problem starts in one country, it can affect not just many countries, but all continents.
去年我们目睹了美国次级抵押贷款市场引发的问题，一切始于不负责任以及不透明的信贷，在不到一年的时间里蒸发掉了二十五万亿美元的全球股市市值。与这场金融动荡相伴而来的是石油和粮食价格的巨幅波动。与此同时，全球气候变化已被公认为全球性挑战，这比以往任何时候都更加清晰的表明了我们彼此依存的实质。我们知道当一个国家出现问题时，其影响波及的不仅是多个国家而是所有国家。
Yet at the same time I think we are all aware of the other side of globalization. Not the insecurity our interdependence generates today, but rather the promise that globalization holds for tomorrow. So while the transition to this new global age will be tough, we know that the global age brings with it not just new risks but unparalleled opportunities.
然而，与此同时我想我们也充分地认识到了全球化的另一面。今天相互依存给我们带来不安全，明天也会为我们带来诸多益处。因此一方面进入这个新的全球化时代的过程是艰难的，另一方面我们也知道与全球化时代随之而来的不仅是新的风险还有前所未有的机遇。
Whatever happens in the next few months, in just the next two decades the world economy will certainly double in size. That means twice as many opportunities for good businesses. As this happens I believe new consumer markets will develop in every part of the world. Businesses who have the products and services that people want to buy will sell to the whole world. Workers who have the skills will benefit from great opportunities for new jobs to service these growing economies. Those countries that invest in the future, invest in their resources, invest in high value added products - these countries will benefit and be the greatest beneficiaries of the next stage of the global economy.
无论未来几个月内经济走势如何，在未来几十年里世界经济规模必定翻一番。这意味着优秀企业未来的机会也会随之翻番。同时，我相信新的消费市场也将在全球各地发展起来。能够提供满足人们消费需求的产品和服务的企业必将走向世界。不断发展壮大的经济体将创造新的就业机会，技术工人将从中受益匪浅。投资未来发展、资源、高附加值产品的国家将成为经济全球化未来发展中最大的受益者。
So I am optimistic as to what can be achieved in the next few years. But if we are to secure for our peoples the benefits of all these changes that give us these unparalleled opportunities, we must first deal with what have become the two crises of the global age: the first financial crisis of the global age and the first resources crisis. We have to understand when looking at the financial system that we not only understand the current instability, but we have the capacity and the commitment globally to address the problems.
因此，我对未来几年内所能取得的成果表示乐观。发展会带来前所未有的机遇，但如果想让我们的人民从中受益的话，必须首先面对全球化时代的两大危机，即全球化时代的第一场金融危机和资源危机。我们必须清醒地认识到当我们审视金融体系的时候，看到的不仅仅是当前的不稳定，我们有能力、有意愿采取全球性行动应对危机。
In our financial markets the rules of the game have simply not kept up with the speed of globalization. Some markets such as credit derivatives have been left totally unsupervised. In other areas, national and indeed continental efforts to regulate international and global and financial institutions have simply been inadequate. Macro-economic coordination around the world has also been inadequate given the increasing significance of the emerging markets in determining global demand conditions.
在全球化的背景下，金融市场的游戏规则已经不能与时俱进，而且像信贷衍生品这样的市场一直以来没有得到任何监管。在其他方面，规范国际和全球金融机构的国家甚至是大洲范围的工作乏力。鉴于新兴市场对全球需求的影响不断加大，宏观经济协调力度也显不足。
The old 1945 institutions we have for such coordination either exclude key emerging economies, or in cases like the International Monetary Fund: our institutions simply do not have the levers, or the resources, or the mandate to secure the cooperation that is necessary.
1945年，为协调宏观经济而建立的经济组织已经陈旧，它们不是将主要新型经济体排除在外，就是像国际货币基金组织那样缺乏协调工具和资源，缺乏确保协调工作必要性的授权。
So my conclusion from recent events is not that we need less globalization, but we need better globalization with institutions and rules that are fit for this global age. Nothing less than the boldest of global cooperation will suffice.
因此，纵观现状我认为必须进一步推动全球化深入以及建立符合全球化时代要求的机构和规则，而不是削弱全球化。只有最大胆的全球合作才能使我们实现这一目标。
In these difficult times the leadership America has shown has been vital to the coordinated interest rates cuts and the international cooperation we have seen which will lead to the leaders international meeting on November 15th. I know that that leadership by America will and must continue.
在艰难时期，美国已表现出的领导力在协调利率下调以及国际合作方面发挥了至关重要的作用，这种领导力也将在十一月十五日举行的世界领导人峰会上继续发挥作用。我知道美国必将也必须发挥其领导力。
The next stage of globalization will require even more international cooperation, with American leadership central to its success. In the coming weeks and months the whole world will want to work closely with America on a shared common agenda to bring growth and jobs back to our economies. To give greater stability to our financial system. To defeat protectionism in favour of free trade. And of course to work for a more secure world, and here in the Middle East to work for peace.
未来的全球化需要进一步加强国际合作，而美国的领导对其成败至关重要。接下来的几周和几个月内全世界都希望与美国在我们共同关心的问题上展开密切合作，重振经济和就业，加强金融系统稳定性，防止保护主义，发展自由贸易，加强世界安全，构筑中东和平。
Every nation, of course, must have a stake in this future, and I believe in particular, that the Gulf states have a crucial role to play. That is why at the weekend I was delighted to meet King Abdullah in Saudi Arabia and meet the Emir of Qatar. I look forward to similarly constructive talks with Their Highnesses, the President and the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi later today, and with the Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai tomorrow.
当然，这样的未来符合每一个国家的利益，我相信在此过程中海湾国家可以发挥重要作用。这就是为什么上周末我很愉快地与沙特阿拉伯国王阿卜杜拉和卡塔尔埃米尔分别举行了会晤。我期待今天晚些时候与尊敬的阿联酋总统和阿布扎比王储陛下的会晤以及明天与阿联酋总理、迪拜酋长的会晤。
Recent weeks have shown the power of international action with the coordinated multi-billion dollar recapitalization of our banking system. We must now urgently build on this as we head towards the leaders meeting in Washington. We must act to establish a global consensus for a new and decisive approach to strengthening the global economy.
近几周来通过国际合作共调动了数十亿美元注资金融体系，此次注资效果明显。在华盛顿峰会即将来临之际，我们必须抓紧时间再接再厉，为强化全球经济寻找新的果断措施达成全球共识。
And I believe, if I may summarize, that this approach should be built on five stages. First, strong banks are essential to financial stability. So having helped to strengthen the global banking system, governments must ensure that the money is used to enable a resumption of lending to families and businesses.
我想这一措施概括而言应该包括五个步骤。首先，强化银行运营能力对金融稳定来说至关重要，因此协助强化全球银行体系的同时，政府必须确保救助资金用来恢复对家庭和企业的信贷。
Second, we need better coordination of international monetary and fiscal policy, and it is right at this time that fiscal policy support monetary policy.
第二，必须加强国际货币和财政政策的协调力度，现阶段必须实行财政政策支持货币政策的措施。
Third, to stop the spread of contagion to middle income countries we must build agreement for a new facility for the International Monetary Fund. I very much hope that the Gulf States will feel able to contribute to these efforts. It is in all our interests to stop the contagion that is happening and to rebuild confidence in the global financial system. I very much accept the argument that countries which contribute in this way should have a greater say in future in the governance of the International Monetary Fund. This is part of our ambitions for reform.
第三，必须达成共识为国际货币基金组织扩资，遏制金融危机蔓延至中收入国家。我非常希望海湾国家能为此做出贡献。阻止不良势头蔓延的趋势，重建人们对全球金融体系的信心，这符合我们所有国家的利益。我非常同意这样一种说法，为此做出贡献的国家在未来国际货币基金组织的管理中应该享有更大的话语权。这也是我们对该组织进行大刀阔斧改革的重要组成部分。
Fourth, we must avoid the return to protectionism, accepting our collective responsibility to break the deadlock in the Doha trade round, and taking multilateral action to extend credit lines to companies to support their trade finance. Avoid at all costs a return to beggar thy neighbour policies that have been a feature of past crises and can transform a financial crisis into unfortunately a deep recession. There is already evidence of global trade slowing by more than expected amounts. Without effective trade, none of us will benefit from the huge opportunities of a global world.
第四，必须避免保护主义重新抬头，承担起打破多哈贸易谈判僵局的共同责任，进行多边合作为企业提供信贷，支持企业贸易融资。历史上与临为壑的政策一直是危机发生的标志，可以促使金融危机演变成深度衰退，这不符合我们的利益。因此我们必须不遗余力地避免这种损人不利己的做法。显而易见，全球贸易增长放缓的速度大大超出了预期。没有繁荣的贸易，任何人都无法从全球化带了的巨大机遇中受益。
Then we must restore confidence by addressing the root causes of instability. We will seek in Washington to begin the reform of the global financial system around the core principles of transparency, integrity, responsibility, sound banking practice and international governance.
此外，必须解决不稳定的根源，恢复信心。华盛顿峰会我们将探讨如何开启对全球金融体系进行改革，改革必须基于五个核心原则：透明、诚信、责任、规范银行业操守、国际治理。
We will look for early decisions from our international partners about the reform of the international financial system: including, the creation of an early warning system for the global economy, globally accepted standards of supervision applied equally and consistently in all countries, effective cross-border supervision of global firms which firms themselves want to see happen, and cross-border cooperation and concerted action whenever there are crises to meet.
希望国际合作伙伴尽早就如何改革国际金融体系做出决策，包括建立全球经济早期预警系统，由所有国家广泛接受并平等贯彻实施的监督标准，对金融企业实行的有效跨境监督，这也是金融机构所希望看到的，以及应对危机所需要的国际合作和共同努力。
We must reshape the rules of the international financial system to ensure that the current financial crisis is not repeated. We must take the events of the last year in commodity markets, in oil markets and in food markets as an impetus to bring greater stability to those markets as well for the medium and long term.
必须重新建立国际金融体系规则，确保当前的金融危机不会再次发生。必须参考去年商品市场尤其是石油市场和粮食市场的走势，加强中长期稳定性。
Among other things in recent months, long term demand for oil did exceed its supply. Clearly we need a way forward for energy policy that moves beyond the traditional zero sum game that assumes it is a question of oil and commodity producers versus oil and commodity consumers. That approach has too often left producers unable to plan with confidence or to invest with confidence for the future. Consumers are then subject to volatile prices, our planet damaged by the absence of a stable path to a low carbon emissions future, and sometimes the conflict between producers and consumers misses out what is a crucial and unforgettable element of the energy equation, that the world will need more gas and oil supplies in the years to come.
近几个月，石油的长期需求的确超出了供给。显然，我们必须改变能源政策，改变以往零和游戏的做法，零和游戏中人们认为石油和商品生产国与消费国是对立的。这种看法常常导致生产国在规划时犹豫不决，投资时对未来前景忧心忡忡。于是消费国要承受价格波动的负面影响，我们的地球会因缺少稳定的途径实现低碳未来而遭到破坏，有时生产国和消费国之间的冲突使他们错失了对实现能源平衡至关重要的良机，而未来几年内世界将需要更多的天然气和石油。
Let me thank all of those in this region who are showing such vision in seeking a new kind of collaborative response to the global energy challenges we face. I was grateful to the King of Saudi Arabia for hosting a summit of producers and consumers in Jeddah a few months ago. That conference in Jeddah took the first steps towards an unprecedented dialogue between producers and consumers, industrialized countries like the UK and America, emerging economies like China, oil producing countries in this region. All agreeing that the volatility in oil markets is damaging to all in the world economy and that it harms not only consumer interests but the long term interests of producer countries too.
摆在我们面前的是全球能源挑战，该地区的一些有识之士一直致力于寻求一种新的合作方式来应对挑战，对此我表示感谢。同时我也感谢沙特阿拉伯国王几个月前在吉达主持召开的生产国与消费国峰会。该会议首次开启了生产国与消费国，如英国和美国等发达国家和中国等新兴经济体与海湾地区石油生产国之间前所未有的对话。与会各方一致认为石油市场存在的波动影响着世界经济，世界各国无一幸免，这不仅损害消费国的利益，也损害生产国的长远利益。
So just as with the international financial system, a new framework for energy based on responsibility and our mutual interdependence is needed.
因此与国际金融体系一样，能源领域也需要建立一个基于责任与相互依存的新框架。
Together in Jeddah we called for greater transparency about supply and demand so that we could provide greater stability that is necessary for investment in future energy supply. We asked for stronger efforts on the part of consumer countries to increase the efficiency in their use of energy. We said there should be reduced barriers to investment in the future of energy supply and we should help poor countries most adversely affected by high prices. Then we recognized most of all our common interest in more stability in prices.
吉达峰会上，与会各方呼吁提高能源供给的透明度，加强为未来能源供应投资所须的稳定性，呼吁消费国进一步提高能源使用效率。会议倡导应该降低未来能源供应投资门栏，帮助受能源高价格影响最深的贫困国家。与会各方达成共识，认为进一步稳定能源价格符合各方的共同利益。
We agreed to meet in London, as we will do before the end of the year, to take stock of progress and maintain the momentum generated in Jeddah. Producer and consumer countries not only should, but must, cooperate in establishing the framework for the transition to a lower emissions economy over the longer term. Indeed it is in the interest of all of us and we need to work together to build that framework.
会议决定今年年末在伦敦再次举行峰会，回顾吉达会议以来取得的工作进展，继往开来。生产国和消费国不仅应该而且必须共同建立向低碳经济转型的长期框架。这的确符合我们所有人的利益，因此必须为此携手努力。
I hope the London meeting in December will help to take this agenda forward. Because we together must build a new global energy economy, new jobs and new investment to reduce some of the dependence on traditional fossil fuels in a fair and sustainable way that supports both producer and consumer economies alike.
我希望十二月举行的伦敦会议将此项议事日程进一步向前推进，因为我们必须共同构建新型全球能源经济，增加就业，扩大投资，以公平、可持续的方式减少对传统化石燃料的依赖，促进生产国和消费国的共同发展。
This will mean making more efficient use of our existing reserves of fossil fuels, more supply in the short term, more investment to deliver it. A massive and coordinated effort to increase the efficiency with which we use energy in all its forms - including the worldwide adoption of targets to cut car emissions and investment in nuclear power, which is why Britain and the United Arab Emirates are now working closely together on opportunities in civil nuclear energy.
这意味着要提高现有化石能源利用效率，增加短期供应，加强相关投资力度。通过降低汽车尾气排放这样的全球目标和投资核能，全面提高能源利用率，是一项规模庞大且需要各方面协调一致的举措。而英国和阿拉伯联合酋长国在共同开发利用民用核能方面一直保持着密切合作。
Because we recognise that fossil fuels will always continue to be the important part of the global energy supply for years to come, we must also support the development and deployment of carbon capture and storage. I am delighted that British Petroleum’s joint venture with Rio Tinto and Masda is giving an exciting lead in Abu Dhabi, building a 2 billion low carbon industrial scale hydrogen-based electricity generation plant. This itself will strip out 1.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide which instead of being released into the atmosphere, will be pumped back underground to enhance oil recovery.
我们认为未来几年内化石燃料依然是重要的全球能源供应来源，因此必须支持碳捕获和碳封存技术的开发利用。我很高兴地看到英国石油公司与力拓和Masda公司建立的合资公司斥资二十亿元率先在阿布扎比建立了一家工业规模的低碳排放氢能发电站。该发电落成会将一百七十万吨二氧化碳封存在地下以加强石油采收率。
All of us therefore have a shared interest in the diversity of energy sources as we prepare for a lower carbon future with significantly more opportunities to recycle increased oil revenues into alternative energy investments. This gives oil producers, of course, the chance to hedge their future production by investing in the alternative energy sources that will be central to future low carbon emission economies.
在我们准备迎接低碳时代的到来，享受将增加的石油收入用于替代能源开发利用而带来的更多机会的同时，能源多元化符合我们所有国家的利益。当然，通过投资替代能源可以保护石油生产国未来的生产，因为替代能源是未来发展低碳经济的关键因素。
In turn, oil consuming countries should, as we in Britain are doing, offer openness and partnership for investment in our countries. Here in the Gulf yesterday we announced a new £250 million UK-Qatar Clean Technology Investment Fund as part of our new partnership on low carbon technology. I am delighted that Shell and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company have today signed a Memorandum of Understanding. I am delighted to see Shell represented here to evaluate potential joint exploration, development and production of offshore deep gas field projects in Abu Dhabi.
对于石油消费国来说也应该对此类投资保持开放态度，积极合作，这也将是伦敦峰会上的重要议题。昨天我们宣布了斥资2.5亿英镑成立英国卡塔尔清洁能源投资基金，合作开发利用低碳技术。我很高兴地看到今天壳牌石油公司和阿布扎比国家石油公司签署了谅解备忘录，也高兴地看到壳牌石油公司的代表也来到了阿布扎比对近海深层气田合作勘测、开发、生产事项进行评估。
And today we will sign a Memorandum of Understanding with the Abu Dhabi future energy company, Masda, to work in partnership to deploy and develop low carbon technologies. For example in offshore and onshore wind power, carbon capture, solar and marine generation, electricity networks and their advocation in the development of sustainable cities.
今天，我们还将与阿布扎比未来能源公司Masda签署谅解备忘录，合作进行低碳技术的开发利用，涉及近海和陆上风能发电、碳捕获、太阳能和海洋能源发电、电网以及如何利用低碳技术打造可持续发展城市。
I pay tribute to Their Highnesses, the President of the UAE and the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi for their vision in building one of the most remarkable and respected sustainable energy investment companies in the world. We look forward to working with them as they pursue this innovative collaboration.
尊敬的阿联酋国总统和阿布扎比王储陛下在建立世界最杰出最受尊敬的可持续能源投资公司时表现出了远见卓识，对次我表示敬佩。我们期待与两位共同推动此项创新合作。
For only through this innovative international approach can we ensure that globalization will work, not just for some but for all throughout our world, for hard pressed families, for businesses in all our communities and nations.
只有通过这种创新的国际合作，我们才能确保全球化不仅会使一部分人也会使世界上所有人受益，无论是困难家庭还是企业都会从中受益。
No country, no matter how big, can solve the challenges the world faces alone. People in every country want to know that every possible course of action is being pursued to guide families and business through this difficult time.
任何一个国家，无论其规模多么庞大，都无法独自应对全球共同面临的挑战。每一个国家的人民都想知道我们正竭尽全力引领家庭和企业走出困难时期。
So let us carry forward the determination to build a global consensus around a radical renewal of our international financial system. Let us maintain the courage to continue and deepen the dialogue we have begun here in the Gulf for stability in energy, oil and gas and energy markets generally for the future.
因此，让我们坚决果断地建立全球共识，对国际金融体系进行彻底改革。让我们继续深化在这里已经开启的关于稳定未来能源市场，石油天然气市场的对话，永不退缩。
Let us make this time, a time of financial crisis also a time of visionary international cooperation. Let us together build great companies, governments working with business, people who know about the future of energy working together. Let us together build the global solutions on which the sustainability and prosperity of our global economy depends.
让我们变金融危机为机遇开创一个展望未来的国际合作新时代。让我们整合政府和企业的合作力量，整合了解能源未来发展的人才力量，构建伟大的企业。让我们共同应对全球挑战，同心同德促进全球经济可持续性、繁荣的发展。
Thank you very much.
谢谢！
