GB/T 27698.1-2023 英文版/外文版 热交换器及传热元件性能测试方
GB/T 27698.1-2023 英文版/外文版 热交换器及传热元件性能测试方法第1部分：通用要求 GB/T 27698.1-2023 英文版/外文版Test methods for the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements – Part 1: General requirements GB 27698.1-2023 英文版/外文版 GBT 27698.1-2023 英文版/外文版 代替GB/T 27698.1-2011，GB/T 27698.8-2011 前言 本文件按照GB/T 1.1-2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。 本文件是GB/T 276988《热交换器及传热元件性能测试方法》的第1部分。GB/T 27698已经发布了以下部分: ——第1部分：通用要求； ——第2部分：热交换器； ——第3部分：传热元件； ——第4部分：空冷器噪声测定。 本文件代替GB/T 27698.1-2011《热交換器及传热元件性能测试方法第1部分：通用要求》和GB/T 27698.8-2011《热交换器及传热元件性能测试方法第8部分：热交换器工业标定》。本文件以GB/T 27698.1-2011为主，整合了GB/T 27698.8-2011的内容。与GB/T 27698.1-2011相比，除结构调整和编辑性改动外，主要技术变化如下： a) 增加了“热交换器”“传热元件”“性能”和“工业标定”的术语和定义（见第3章）； b) 增加了池沸腾传热性能测试系统（见5.1.4）； c) 更改了测量仪表准确度要求（见5.2.1，GB/T 27698.1-2011的4.2.1和4.2.2）； d) 增加了池沸腾传热性能测试测量参数与原始数据的规定（见5.4.4）； e) 更改性能测试数据计算的规定（见6.1，GB/T 27698.1-2011的第7章）； f) 增加了池沸腾传热性能测试数据处理的规定（见6.1.4）； g) 更改了汽-液冷凝性能测试性能的定的规定（见6.2.2,GB/T 27698.1-2011的5.3.2）； h) 更改了汽-液流动沸腾与蒸发性能测试性能确定的规定（见6.2.3.GB/T 27698.1-2011 -的5.3.3）； i) 增加了池沸腾传热性能测试性能确定的规定（见6.2.4）； j) 增加了不确定度要求（见6.3）； k) 更改了测试报告的要求（见第7章，GB/T 27698.1-2011的第9章）。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由全国锅炉压力容器标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 262）提出并归口。 本文件于2011年首次发布；本次为第一次修订，并入了GB/T 27698.8-2011《热交换器及传热元件性能测试方法第8部分：热交换器工业标定》的内容（GB/T 27698.8-2011为2011年首次发布）。 引言 性能测试是确定热交换器及传热元件流动与传热特性的最准确的方法。为了保证性能测试有序开展，GB/T27698旨在确立普遍适用于热交换器及传热元件性能测试的测试系统、测试条件、数据处理方法及测试报告要求，拟由四个部分组成。 ——第1部分：通用要求。目的在于确立适用于各类热交换器及传热元件性能测试的测试系统、测量仪表、测量方法、数据处理方法及测试报告的通用要求。 ——第2部分：热交换器。目的在于确立各类典型热交换器性能测试时产品参数信息,测试程序、数据处理结果及测试报告要求。 ——第3部分：传热元件。目的在于确立各类典型传热元件性能测试的汽-气冷凝测试方法及产品参数信息、测试程序、数据处理结果与测试报告要求。 ——第4部分：空冷器噪声测定。目的在于确立空冷器噪声测定的测量参数、测试环境、测试仪表，测试方法及测试报告的要求。 由于GB/T 27698不可能、也没有必要囊括热交换器及传热元件性能测试的所有技术细节,因此，在满足准确性要求的前提下，不限制本文件中没有特别提及的技术内容。 GB/T 27698不限制性能测试时采用先进的测试技术和测试方法，但工程技术人员采用先进的技术方法时，宜对其科学性与准确性做出可靠判断。 热交换器及传热元件性能测试方法 第1部分：通用要求 1 范围 本文件描述了热交换器及传热元件性能测试的通用方法,包括测试系统、测量仪表、测量方法、数据处理方法及测试报告要求。 本文件适用于测试流体分别为液体-液体、蒸汽-液体、蒸汽-空气的液-液无相变、汽-液冷凝有相变、汽-液沸腾与蒸发有相变、汽-气冷凝有相变的性能测试。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，共最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。 GB/T 151 热交换器 GB/T 7724 电子称重仪表 GB/T 27418 测量不确定度评定和表示 NB/T 47004.1 板式热交换器 第1部分：可拆卸板式热交换器 NB/T 47004.2 板式热交换器 第2部分：焊接板式热交换器 NB/T 47007 空冷式热交换器 NB/T 47045 钎焊板式热交换器 NB/T 47048 螺旋板式热交换器 3 术语和定义 GB/T 151、GB/T 27418、NB/T 47004.1、NB/T 47004.2、NB/T 47007、NB/T 47045、NB/T 47048界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件. 3.1 热交换器 heat exchanger 使热量从热流体传递到冷流体,以满足规定工艺要求的设备。 3.2 传热元件 heat exchanger element 热交换器中直接参与热量传递的零部件。 3.3 性能 performance 机械、器材.物品等所具有的性质和功能。 注：本文件中性能指热交換器及传热元件的传热与流动方面的功能特性，以及空冷式热交换器的噪声特性。 3.4 工业标定 field calibration 工业现场在用热交换器的性能确定。 Foreword
This document is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020
Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents
.
This document is Part 1 of GB/T 276988
Test methods for the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements
. The following parts of GB/T 27698 have been issued:
——
Part 1: General requirements
;
——
Part 2: Heat exchangers
;
——
Part 3: Heat exchange elements
;
——
Part 4: Measurement of noise from air-cooled heat exchangers
.
This document replaces GB/T 27698.1-2011
Test method for the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange element - Part 1: General requirements
and GB/T 27698.8-2011
Test method for the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange element - Part 8: Determination of industrial locale for heat exchangers
. This document is developed based on GB/T 27698.1-2011, incorporating the contents of GB/T 27698.8-2011. In addition to structural adjustment and editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 27698.1-2011:
a) The terms and definitions of "heat exchanger", "heat exchange element", "performance" and "field calibration" have been added (see Clause 3);
b) The pool boiling heat exchange performance test system has been added (see 5.1.4);
c) The accuracy requirements for measuring instruments have been changed (see 5.2.1 hereof, 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 of GB/T 27698.1-2011);
d) The provisions for measuring parameters and raw data for pool boiling heat exchange performance tests have been added (see 5.4.4);
e) The provisions for the calculation of performance test data have been changed (see 6.1 hereof, and Clause 7 of GB/T 27698.1-2011);
f) The provisions for data processing for pool boiling heat exchange performance tests have been added (see 6.1.4);
g) The provisions for determining the performance of vapor-liquid condensation performance test have been changed (see 6.2.2 hereof, and 5.3.2 of GB/T 27698.1-2011);
h) The provisions for determining the performance of boiling and evaporation performance test for vapor-liquid flow have been changed (see 6.2.3 hereof, and 5.3.3 of GB/T 27698.1-2011);
i) The provisions for determining the performance of pool boiling heat exchange performance test have been added (see 6.2.4);
j) The requirements for uncertainty have been added (see 6.3);
k) The requirements for test report have been changed (see Clause 7 hereof, and Clause 9 of GB/T 27698.1-2011).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of SAC/TC 262 National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China.
This document was first released in 2011. This is the first revision, incorporating the contents of GB/T 27698.8-2011
Test method for the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange element - Part 8: Determination of industrial locale for heat exchangers
(GB/T 27698.8-2011 was first released in 2011).
Introduction
Performance test is the most accurate method to determine the flow and heat exchange characteristics of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements. In order to ensure the orderly development of performance test, GB/T 27698 aims to establish a test system, test conditions, data processing methods and test report requirements which are generally applicable to the performance test of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements. It is planned to be composed of four parts:
——
Part 1: General requirements
. Its purpose is to establish general requirements for test systems, measuring instruments, measuring methods, data processing methods and test reports applicable to the performance test of various types of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements.
——
Part 2: Heat exchangers
. Its purpose is to establish the product parameter information, test program, data processing results and test report requirements when testing the performance of various typical heat exchangers.
——
Part 3: Heat exchange elements
. Its purpose is to establish the vapor-gas condensation test method, product parameter information, test program, data processing results and test report requirements for performance tests of various typical heat exchange elements.
——
Part 4: Measurement of noise from air-cooled heat exchangers
. Its purpose is to establish the requirements of measuring parameters, test environment, test instruments, test methods and test reports for noise measurement of air coolers.
Since it is impossible and unnecessary for GB/T 27698 to include all the technical details of the performance test of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements, it does not limit the technical contents not specifically mentioned in this document under the premise of meeting the accuracy requirements.
GB/T 27698 does not limit the use of advanced testing techniques and methods in performance tests, but engineers and technicians should make reliable judgments on their scientificity and accuracy when adopting advanced technical methods.
Test methods for the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements – Part 1: General requirements
1 Scope
This document describes a general method for testing the performance of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements, including test systems, measuring instruments, measuring methods, data processing methods and test report requirements.
This document is applicable to the performance test of liquid-liquid without phase change, vapor-liquid condensation with phase change, vapor-liquid boiling and evaporation with phase change, and vapor-gas condensation with phase change when the test fluids are liquid-liquid, vapor-liquid and vapor-air respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 151
Heat exchangers
GB/T 7724
Electronic weighing meter
GB/T 27418
Guide to the evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement
NB/T 47004.1
Plate heat exchangers - Part 1: Plate-and-frame heat exchangers
NB/T 47004.2
Plate heat exchangers - Part 2: Welded plate heat exchangers
NB/T 47007
Air-cooled heat exchangers
NB/T 47045
Brazed plate heat exchangers
NB/T 47048
Spiral plate heat exchanger
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 151, GB/T 27418, NB/T 47004.1, NB/T 47004.2, NB/T 47007, NB/T 47045, NB/T 47048 and the following apply.
3.1
heat exchanger
equipment that transfers heat from hot fluid to cold fluid to meet specified process requirements
3.2
heat exchange element
components in a heat exchanger that are directly involved in heat exchange
3.3
performance
properties and functions of machinery, equipment and articles
Note: Performance in this document refers to the functional characteristics of heat exchangers and heat exchange elements in terms of heat exchange and flow and the noise characteristics of air-cooled heat exchangers.
3.4
field calibration
performance determination of in-service heat exchanger in industrial field
