【文献速递】【Nature】【2022年】【7月】
声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。
On 4 July 2012, researchers at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) made a long-awaited announcement: they had finally obtained evidence that affirmed the existence of the Higgs boson. In this week’s issue, teams from the two main experiments at the LHC present analyses of all the data collected on the particle since its discovery. The standard model of particle physics predicts that coupling between the Higgs boson and any given particle should be proportional to their mass — the results from CMS and ATLAS experiments show that, for the heavy particles they have been able to observe, the data are in line with predictions. A Perspective article goes on to offer an overview of what we have learnt about the particle so far — and how closer scrutiny of it might be key to some of the most important open questions in fundamental physics.
2012年7月4日，大型强子对撞机（LHC）的研究人员发布了期待已久的公告：他们终于获得了证实希格斯玻色子存在的证据。在本周的期刊中，大型强子对撞机两个主要实验的团队展示了自该粒子被发现以来收集到的所有数据的分析。粒子物理学的标准模型预测，希格斯玻色子和任何给定粒子之间的耦合应该与其质量成正比——CMS和ATLAS实验的结果表明，对于他们能够观察到的重粒子，数据是与预测相符的。一篇看法文章接着概述了迄今为止我们对粒子的了解——以及对它的更深入研究可能是解决基础物理学中一些最重要的开放性问题的关键。
犬类直接的连接
Although the domestic dog can trace its origins to the grey wolf (Canis lupus), exactly when, where and how domestication happened has remained a source of debate. In this week’s issue, Anders Bergström, Pontus Skoglund and their colleagues, take a step towards resolving this question. The researchers analysed the genomes of 72 ancient wolves from across Europe, Siberia and North America, and spanning the past 100,000 years. They found that dogs are most closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia but that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves. Although none of the genomes analysed was a direct match for either dog ancestry, the researchers say that it has narrowed down where next to look for the ancestors of domestic dogs.
尽管家犬的起源可以追溯到灰狼（Canis lupus），但驯化的确切时间、地点和方式仍然存在争议。在本周的期刊中，Anders Bergström、Pontus Skoglund 及其同事朝着解决这个问题迈出了一步。研究人员分析了来自欧洲、西伯利亚和北美跨越过去10万年的72头古狼的基因组。他们发现，狗与欧亚大陆东部的古代狼关系最密切，但近东和非洲的狗有一半的祖先来自与现代欧亚大陆西南部狼相关的独特种群。尽管所分析的基因组中没有一个与任何一只狗的祖先直接匹配，但研究人员表示，它已经缩小了下一步寻找家犬祖先的范围。
The cover shows an artistic impression of marine life in Indonesia’s coral reefs. The question of whether there are limits to biodiversity in the seas is typically addressed by examining the fossil record. In this week’s issue, Pedro Cermeño and his colleagues present a model that combines the fossil record with plate tectonics and Earth’s environmental conditions to offer insight into regional diversification of marine invertebrates. The researchers used the model to examine how biodiversity recovered after mass extinctions during the Phanerozoic eon, covering some 500 million years of Earth’s history. They found that throughout the Phanerozoic, less than 2% of area of the globe covered by water showed signs of diversity levels reaching saturation. The team also note that as Pangaea broke up into continents, the stability of Earth’s environmental conditions allowed the development of diversity hotspots that helped to drive an increase in biodiversity in the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
封面展示了印度尼西亚珊瑚礁中海洋生物的艺术印象。海洋生物多样性是否存在限制的问题通常通过检查化石记录来解决。在本周的期刊中，Pedro Cermeño和他的同事提出了一个模型，该模型将化石记录与板块构造和地球环境条件相结合，以深入了解海洋无脊椎动物的区域多样化。研究人员使用该模型研究了显生宙期间大规模灭绝后生物多样性如何恢复，涵盖了大约 5 亿年的地球历史。 他们发现，在整个显生宙期间，只有不到2%的地球被水覆盖的区域显示出多样性水平达到饱和的迹象。该团队还指出，随着盘古大陆分裂成大陆，地球环境条件的稳定性允许多样性热点的发展，这有助于推动中生代晚期和新生代生物多样性的增加。
大寒冷
The cover shows an artist’s impression of a frozen microwave antenna surrounded by very cold molecules. Gases of polar molecules offer greater potential than atomic gases for probing quantum effects, but they first need to be cooled sufficiently, which is a challenge. In this week’s issue, Andreas Schindewolf and his colleagues present a method for cooling polar molecules to the point where the gas becomes degenerate and quantum effects dominate. To do this, the researchers use tailored microwave fields to introduce repulsive barriers that prevent loss-inducing reactions between molecules from occurring. The result is that the molecules are readily cooled through elastic collisions to 21 nanokelvin, generating a 3D dipolar quantum gas of interacting molecules.
封面展示了一位艺术家对被极冷分子包围的冷冻微波天线的印象。极性分子的气体在探测量子效应方面比原子气体具有更大的潜力，但它们首先需要充分冷却，这是一个挑战。在本周的期刊中，Andreas Schindewolf和他的同事提出了一种将极性分子冷却到气体降解且量子效应占主导地位的程度的方法。为此，研究人员使用定制的微波场引入排斥屏障，防止分子之间发生损失诱导反应。结果是分子很容易通过弹性碰撞冷却到21纳开尔文，产生相互作用分子的3D偶极量子气体。
1.Cancer cells spread aggressively during sleep.
癌细胞在睡眠期间积极扩散。
2.Topology turns the crank on a magnetoelectric switch.
拓扑打开了磁电开关上的曲柄。
3.From the archive: Shakespeare’s stage directions, and fern fever.
来自档案：莎士比亚的舞台指示和蕨类热。
4.Touch-evoked itch pinned on Piezo1 ion-channel protein.
固定在Piezo1离子通道蛋白上的触摸诱发瘙痒。
5.Synthetic molecular cluster hints at mechanism of nitrogen fixation.
合成分子簇暗示氮固定机理。
6.A cell atlas for migraine research.
偏头痛研究的细胞地图集。
7.The Higgs boson turns ten.
希格斯玻色子十岁。
8.Turbulent cold flows gave birth to the first quasars.
动荡的冷流诞生了第一个类星体。
9.A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery.
发现后十年，ATLAS实验的Higgs玻色子相互作用的详细地图。
10.A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery.
发现后十年，CMS实验的Higgs Boson肖像。
11.Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre.
纠缠超过33公里的电信纤维的单个原子。
12.Direct observation of vortices in an electron fluid.
直接观察电子流体中的涡旋。
13.Topologically protected magnetoelectric switching in a multiferroic.
在多表情中受拓扑保护的磁电交换。
14.Nitrogen reduction by the Fe sites of synthetic [Mo3S4Fe] cubes.
合成[MO3S4FE]立方体的铁位减少氮。
15.Optimization of avian perching manoeuvres.
优化禽栖息动作。
16.Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19.
全基因组测序揭示了关键COVID-19的基础宿主因素。
17.PIEZO1 transduces mechanical itch in mice.
小鼠中PIEZO1转导机械瘙痒。
18.Biosynthetic potential of the global ocean microbiome.
全球海洋微生物组的生物合成潜力。
19.Characterization and antiviral susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2的表征和抗病毒敏感性。
20.Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA增强后，增加了记忆B细胞的能力和广度。
21.cBAF complex components and MYC cooperate early in CD8+ T cell fate.
cBAF复合物成分和MYC在CD8+ T细胞命运早期合作。
22.Ablation of cDC2 development by triple mutations within the Zeb2 enhancer.
Zeb2增强子内三重突变的cDC2消融开发。
23.Deciphering the immunopeptidome in vivo reveals new tumour antigens.
分解体内免疫肽组揭示了新的肿瘤抗原。
24.The metastatic spread of breast cancer accelerates during sleep.
乳腺癌的转移性在睡眠期间加速。
25.GREM1 is required to maintain cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer.
需要GREM1维持胰腺癌中的细胞异质性。
26.OCA-T1 and OCA-T2 are coactivators of POU2F3 in the tuft cell lineage.
OCA-T1和OCA-T2是簇细胞谱系中POU2F3的共激活因子。
27.Compatibility rules of human enhancer and promoter sequences.
人类增强子和启动子序列的兼容规则。
28.eIF5B and eIF1A reorient initiator tRNA to allow ribosomal subunit joining.
eIF5B和eIF1A重新定向启动器tRNA允许核糖体亚基连接。
29.Cryo-EM structure of a type IV secretion system.
IV型分泌系统的冷冻电镜结构。
30.A path forward for analysing the impacts of marine protected areas.
分析海洋保护区的影响的前进道路。
31.Reply to: A path forward for analysing the impacts of marine protected areas.
回复：分析海洋保护区的影响的前进道路。
32.Sediment study finds the pulse of tropical glaciers.
沉积物研究发现了热带冰川的脉搏。
33.A gene-expression axis defines neuron behaviour.
基因表达轴定义神经元行为。
34.100-year-old pandemic flu viruses yield new genomes.
100年大流行的流感病毒产生新的基因组。
35.From the archive: butterfly snacking habits and alpine maps.
来自档案：蝴蝶零食习惯和高山地图。
36.Odd living matter defies the golden rule of mechanics.
奇怪的生活问题无视力学的黄金法则。
37.Norovirus from the mouths of babes.
婴儿嘴里的诺如病毒。
38.Inflammatory memory and tissue adaptation in sickness and in health.
疾病和健康中的炎症记忆和组织适应。
39.Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst.
在快速无线电爆发中的次秒周期性。
40.Nuclear moments of indium isotopes reveal abrupt change at magic number 82.
依赖同位素的核矩显示神奇数字82的突然变化。
41.Optical observation of single spins in silicon.
硅中单自旋的光学观察。
42.Measuring the knot of non-Hermitian degeneracies and non-commuting braids.
测量非Hermitian退化和非commuting braids的结。
43.Elastocaloric determination of the phase diagram of Sr2RuO4.
Sr2RuO4相图的弹性测定。
44.Anti-reflection structure for perfect transmission through complex media.
抗反射结构，可通过复杂介质进行完美传播。
45.Odd dynamics of living chiral crystals.
活手性晶体的奇怪动力。
46.Local nanoscale phase impurities are degradation sites in halide perovskites.
局部纳米相杂质是卤化物钙钛矿中的降解位点。
47.700,000 years of tropical Andean glaciation.
700,000年的热带安第斯山脉冰河。
48.Life rather than climate influences diversity at scales greater than 40 million years.
生命而不是气候影响超过4000万年的尺度上的多样性。
49.Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs.
灰狼基因组史揭示了狗的双重血统。
50.Targeting thalamic circuits rescues motor and mood deficits in PD mice.
靶向丘脑电路可挽救PD小鼠的运动和情绪缺陷。
51.A transcriptomic axis predicts state modulation of cortical interneurons.
转录组轴预测皮质中间神经元的状态调节。
52.Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate.
增加植物免疫对温暖气候的弹性。
53.Enteric viruses replicate in salivary glands and infect through saliva.
肠道病毒在唾液腺中复制，并通过唾液感染。
54.Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination.
没有疫苗接种的SARS-CoV-2 Omicron的跨变体免疫力有限。
55.Omicron infection enhances Delta antibody immunity in vaccinated persons.
Omicron感染增强了接种人中的Delta抗体免疫。
56.Potentiating adoptive cell therapy using synthetic IL-9 receptors.
使用合成IL-9受体加强过继细胞疗法。
57.cGAS–STING drives the IL-6-dependent survival of chromosomally instable cancers.
cGAS–STING驱动染色体不稳定癌症的IL-6依赖性生存。
58.A peroxisomal ubiquitin ligase complex forms a retrotranslocation channel.
过氧化物酶体泛素连接酶复合物形成逆转录通道。
59.Core control principles of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
真核细胞周期的核心控制原理。
60.De novo design of discrete, stable 310-helix peptide assemblies.
从头设计离散，稳定的310-螺旋肽组件。
61.Structure of the Dicer-2–R2D2 heterodimer bound to a small RNA duplex.
Dicer-2–R2D2异二聚体结合与小RNA双链体结合的结构。
62.Structural insights into dsRNA processing by Drosophila Dicer-2–Loqs-PD.
果蝇Dicer-2–Loqs-PD对dsRNA处理的结构见解。
63.Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people.
恢复优先级必须由边缘化的人告知。
64.Reply to: Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people.
答复：恢复优先级必须由边缘化的人告知。
65.Relocation sustains intestinal stem-cell numbers.
搬迁维持肠干细胞数。
66.Strain solves switch hitch for an antiferromagnetic material.
应变求解开关挂钩的抗铁磁材料。
67.Location in the nucleus foretells chromosome anomalies.
核中预言染色体异常的位置。
68.Disease spread: heating and stirring the global viral soup.
疾病扩散：加热和搅拌全球病毒汤。
69.A microscopic electric motor made of DNA.
由DNA制成的微观电动机。
70.Extended far-ultraviolet emission in distant dwarf galaxies.
远处矮星系中扩展的远紫外线发射。
71.Dynamical topological phase realized in a trapped-ion quantum simulator.
动态拓扑阶段在被困的离子量子模拟器中实现。
72.Digital quantum simulation of Floquet symmetry-protected topological phases.
Floquet对称保护拓扑阶段的数字量子模拟。
73.Perpendicular full switching of chiral antiferromagnetic order by current.
电流手性反铁磁序的垂直全切换。
74.Giant pyroelectricity in nanomembranes.
纳米膜中的巨型热电。
75.Coherent interfaces govern direct transformation from graphite to diamond.
相干界面控制着从石墨到钻石的直接转换。
76.A DNA origami rotary ratchet motor.
DNA折纸旋转棘轮电机。
77.Electrocatalytic metal hydride generation using CPET mediators.
使用CPET介质生成电催化金属氢化物。
78.Post-extinction recovery of the Phanerozoic oceans and biodiversity hotspots.
显生宙海洋和生物多样性热点的灭绝后恢复。
79.A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress.
协同的心态干预可以保护青少年免受压力。
80.Action suppression reveals opponent parallel control via striatal circuits.
动作抑制揭示了对手通过纹状体回路的平行控制。
81.Molecular landscapes of human hippocampal immature neurons across lifespan.
人类海马不成熟神经元的分子景观跨越寿命。
82.A receptor–channel trio conducts Ca2+ signalling for pollen tube reception.
受体-通道三重奏会导致花粉管接收的Ca2+信号传导。
83.Single-cell roadmap of human gonadal development.
人类性腺发育的单细胞路线图。
84.Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine.
逆行运动决定了肠中的有效干细胞数。
85.Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk.
气候变化增加了跨物种的病毒传播风险。
86.Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation.
肠道病原体的主宿主进化有助于肝易位。
87.C. elegans as a model for inter-individual variation in metabolism.
C.秀丽隐杆线虫是代谢中个体差异的模型。
88.Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress.
在急性应激期间，脑电动机和恐惧回路调节白细胞。
89.The gut metabolite indole-3 propionate promotes nerve regeneration and repair.
肠道代谢物吲哚-3丙酸酯促进神经再生和修复。
90.Mitochondrial RNA modifications shape metabolic plasticity in metastasis.
线粒体RNA修饰在转移中形成代谢可塑性。
91.Nuclear chromosome locations dictate segregation error frequencies.
核染色体位置决定隔离误差频率。
92.Structure of the nutrient-sensing hub GATOR2.
营养感应轮毂GATOR2的结构。
93.Biosynthesis of strychnine.
士宁的生物合成。
94.Trapped meltwater affects mass loss of Greenland ice sheet.
被困的融水会影响格陵兰冰盖的质量损失。
95.Evolution of thermoregulation as told by ear.
耳朵讲述温度调节的演变。
96.Quantum entanglement provides a key to improved security.
量子纠缠为提高安全性提供了关键。
97.From the archive: library design and London’s Bloomsbury district.
来自档案：图书馆设计和伦敦的布卢姆斯伯里区。
98.Eggs remodel energy production to protect themselves from harm.
鸡蛋重塑能量生产以保护自己免受伤害。
99.Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation.
量子模拟中的实用量子优势。
100.Evaporation of microwave-shielded polar molecules to quantum degeneracy.
微波屏蔽的极性分子蒸发到量子退化。
101.Experimental quantum key distribution certified by Bell's theorem.
贝尔定理认证的实验量子密钥分布。
102.A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users.
遥远用户的独立于设备的量子密钥分配系统。
103.Magnetic memory and spontaneous vortices in a van der Waals superconductor.
范德华超导体中的磁记忆和自发涡流。
104.Exceptional-point-based accelerometers with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.
具有增强信号噪声比的基于特殊点的加速度计。
105.Atomic imaging of zeolite-confined single molecules by electron microscopy.
通过电子显微镜对沸石构造的单分子的原子成像。
106.Dislocation-induced stop-and-go kinetics of interfacial transformations.
位错引起的界面变换的停止动力学。
107.Threshold response to melt drives large-scale bed weakening in Greenland.
对融化的阈值反应驱动了格陵兰岛大规模弱化床层。
108.Competition for pollinators destabilizes plant coexistence.
授粉媒介的竞争破坏了植物共存。
109.Inner ear biomechanics reveals a Late Triassic origin for mammalian endothermy.
内耳生物力学揭示了恒温哺乳动物的晚期三叠纪起源。
110.The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank.
英国生物库中150,119个基因组的序列。
111.Hippocampal place cells have goal-oriented vector fields during navigation.
在导航期间，海马位置单元具有面向目标的矢量场。
112.The neuronal logic of how internal states control food choice.
内部状态如何控制食物的神经元逻辑。
113.Oocytes maintain ROS-free mitochondrial metabolism by suppressing complex I.
卵母细胞维持无ROS的线粒体代谢抑制复合物I。
114.Immune tolerance of food is mediated by layers of CD4+ T cell dysfunction.
食物的免疫耐受性是由CD4+ T细胞功能障碍层介导的。
115.ADAR1 mutation causes ZBP1-dependent immunopathology.
ADAR1突变导致ZBP1依赖性免疫病理学。
116.ADAR1 averts fatal type I interferon induction by ZBP1.
ADAR1通过ZBP1避免致命的I型干扰素诱导。
117.ADAR1 prevents autoinflammation by suppressing spontaneous ZBP1 activation.
ADAR1通过抑制自发的ZBP1激活来阻止自发性炎症。
118.YAP/TAZ activity in stromal cells prevents ageing by controlling cGAS–STING.
基质细胞中的YAP/TAZ活性通过控制cGAS–STING来防止衰老。
119.Mechanisms of APOBEC3 mutagenesis in human cancer cells.
人类癌细胞中APOBEC3诱变的机制。
120.Super-enhancer hypermutation alters oncogene expression in B cell lymphoma.
超增强剂超成年变化在B细胞淋巴瘤中的癌基因表达。
121.Mechanisms and inhibition of Porcupine-mediated Wnt acylation.
豪猪介导的 Wnt 酰化的机理和抑制。
122.Membrane-anchored HDCR nanowires drive hydrogen-powered CO2 fixation.
膜锚定的HDCR纳米线驱动氢供电的二氧化碳固定。
123.Concerns of assuming linearity in the reconstruction of thermal maxima.
在热最大值重建中假设线性的关注点。
124.Reply to: Concerns of assuming linearity in the reconstruction of thermal maxima.
回复：在热最大值重建中假设线性的关注点。
