第五讲 主谓一致（二）

5.1 以并列结果作主语的主谓一致

• 由 and/both...and连接的并列主语 如果作主语的并列结果不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词使用单数。例如：

  Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.  (一样的饭） 所以说是单数；

  What I say and think are no business of yours. 两种要做的事情 所以说是复数；

  当and连接的并列名词词组带有 each, every, many a 等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数；

• 由 or/ nor /either ... or等连接的并列主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理！

  My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. 单数

  Either my father or my sisters are coming.

• 主语 + as much as 等； 当主语后面跟有 as much as, rather than, more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依照主语本身的单复数而定。例如：

  Some of the workers as much as  the manager were responsible for the loss.

  Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process. (进化过程）

• 主语 + as well as 等 当主语后面跟有 as well as, in addition to, with, along with, tohether with, except 等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。 例如：

  The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.   (就远原则）

5.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题

英语中有一些表示数量概念的名词词组。数量概念分为两类：一类是确定数量，如 tow months, six quarts 等； 另一类是非确定性数量，如 all of ... , some of, none of... , 等。 如果使用这一类名词作主语，往往产生主谓一致的问题。

以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语

当名词是表示确定数量的名词词组时，解决主谓一致问题有以下规则可循。

1.如果数量概念被看做是一个整体，动词用单数； 如果数量概念被看作组成该数量的一个个个体，则动词用复数； 例如：

The treasurer thought that sixty-five dollars was not too much to ask.

There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.

2.如果作主语的名词词组是由 “分数（或百分数） + of  - 词组” 构成，其动词形式依 of - 词组中名词类别而定。 例如：

Two-thirds of the swampland(沼泽地) has been recllaimed (开垦) for farming.

Twenty-one per cent of the doctors were women.

3.两数相减或相除，动词用单数，两数相加或相乘，动词用单数也可用复数。

4.如果主语由 “one in / one out of + 复数名词” 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数；

以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语

当主语为非确定数量的名词词组时，解决主谓一致有以下规则可循。

1.如果主语是 all of... , some of..., none of ..., half of ..., most of ...等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依 of- 词组中的名词类别而定。

例如：

Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.

Most of the members were there.

2.如果主语是由 “lots of, heaps of, loads of,scads of, plenty of + 名词” 构成，表示许许多多等概念时，随后动词的单复数形式也依照 of - 词组中的名词类别而定。例如:

Lots of food is going to waste.

lots of people are waiting outside.

3.如果主语是由 “a portion of , a series osf, a pile of,  a panel of + 名词” 构成，不管名词如何， 动词通常用单数，例如

A Substantial portion of the reports is missing.

4.如果主语是由 “限定词 + kind / type / sort of + 名词” 构成，随后的动词形式按照以下规则：在 a kind / sort /type of, this kind / sort /type of之后通常跟单数或不可数名词，动词用单数。 例如：

This sort of paint is very useful.