英文科技论文写作样式指南-数学概念
英文科技论文写作样式指南-数学概念
本文英文内容摘自
"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"
第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）
第11章（11. Numbers, Mathematics, and Units of Measure）
第210–211页
Mathematical Concepts
数学概念
VARIABLE
变量
A variable is a quantity that changes in value, substance, or amount, such as V for volume, m for mass, and t for time.
变量是一个值、物质或量发生变化的量，例如体积V，质量m和时间t。
CONSTANT
常量
A constant is a quantity that has a fixed value, such as h for the Planck constant and F for the Faraday constant.
常数是一个具有固定值的量，例如普朗克常数h和法拉第常数F。
FONCTION
函数
The function f(x) = y represents a rule that assigns a unique value of y to every x. The argument of the function is x.
函数f(x) = y表示一个规则，该规则为每个x分配一个唯一的y值。函数的参数是x。
OPERATOR
运算符
An operator is a symbol, such as a function (d, derivative; ln, natural logarithm; and ℋ, the Hamiltonian operator) or an arithmetic sign (+, –, =, ÷, and ×), denoting an operation to be performed.
运算符是一个符号，例如函数（d，导数；ln，自然对数以及ℋ，哈密尔顿算符）或算术符号（+、–、=、÷和×），表示要执行的运算。
PHYSICAL QUANTITY
物理量
A physical quantity is a product of a numerical value (a pure number) and a unit. Physical quantities may be scalars or vectors, variables or constants.
物理量是一个数值（一个纯数字）和一个单位的乘积。物理量可以是标量或向量、变量或常数。
SCALAR
标量
A scalar is an ordinary number without direction, such as length, temperature, or mass. Any quantity that is not a vector quantity is a scalar quantity.
标量是一个没有方向的常数值，例如长度、温度或质量。任何不是向量的量都是标量。
VECTOR
向量
A vector is a quantity with both magnitude and direction, such as force or velocity. For the vector V = [a, b] (also denoted as = [a, b]), a and b are the components of the vector.
向量是一个同时具有大小和方向的量，例如力或速度。对于向量V = [a, b]（亦可表示为 = [a, b]），a和b是该向量的分量。
TENSOR
张量
A tensor represents a generalized vector with more than two components.
张量表示具有两个以上分量的广义向量。
MATRIX
矩阵
A matrix is represented by a rectangular array of elements; an array consists of rows and columns. The elements of matrix U are u11, u12, etc.
矩阵由元素的矩形阵列表示；阵列由行和列组成。矩阵U的元素是u11、u12等。
DETERMINANT
行列式
The determinant of a matrix is a function that assigns a number to a matrix. For example, the determinant of the n × n matrix B is represented by
矩阵的行列式是为矩阵赋值的函数。例如，n × n矩阵B的行列式表示为
INDEX
指数
An index is a subscript or superscript character in an element of a matrix, vector, or tensor; indices usually represent numbers. For example, i and j are indices in bij.
指数是矩阵元素、向量或张量中的下标或上标字符；指数通常代表数字。例如，i和j是bij中的指数。
Do not confuse abbreviations and mathematical symbols. An abbreviation is usually two or more letters; a mathematical symbol is generally only one letter, possibly with a subscript or superscript. An abbreviation is used in narrative text but seldom appears in equations; a mathematical symbol is preferred in equations and may also be used in text. For example, in text with no equations, PE for potential energy is acceptable, but in mathematical text and equations, Ep is preferred.
切勿混淆缩写和数学符号。缩写通常是两个或多个字母；数学符号通常只有一个字母，可能带有下标或上标。缩写在叙述性文本中使用，但很少出现在方程式中；数学符号在等式中是优选的，并且也可以在文本中使用。例如，在没有方程的文本中，PE表示势能是可以接受的，但在数学文本和方程中，首选Ep。
