【标题速读】【Nprot】【2022年】【7-12月】
声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。
功能定义的神经元集合的靶向光刺激
The cover shows a strategy for ‘all-optical’ interrogation of neural circuits in vivo. Neuronal responses measured using two-photon calcium imaging were elicited by sequential, targeted two-photon photostimulation of 76 spatially clustered groups of neurons in mouse visual cortex in vivo. This large-scale but targeted activation is used to map the functional responses of neurons in the field of view for subsequent experiments. Responses are color-coded by the neurons targeted in a single group.
封面展示了一种在体内“全光”询问神经回路的策略。使用双光子钙成像测量的神经元反应是由体内小鼠视觉皮层中76个空间聚集的神经元组的连续、靶向双光子光刺激引起的。 这种大规模但有针对性的激活用于绘制视野中神经元的功能反应，以供后续实验使用。响应由单个组中的目标神经元进行颜色编码。
1.All-optical interrogation of neural circuits in behaving mice.
对行为小鼠的神经回路进行全光讯问。
2.Hyperpolarized water as universal sensitivity booster in biomolecular NMR.
超极化水作为生物分子核磁共振的通用灵敏度增强剂。
3.Patient-derived and mouse endo-ectocervical organoid generation, genetic manipulation and applications to model infection.
患者衍生的和小鼠宫颈内膜类器官的生成、遗传操作和应用于模型感染。
4.A puromycin-dependent activity-based sensing probe for histochemical staining of hydrogen peroxide in cells and animal tissues.
用于细胞和动物组织中过氧化氢组织化学染色的基于嘌呤霉素的活性感应探针。
5.The normative modeling framework for computational psychiatry.
计算精神病学的规范化建模框架。
Adult Mnemiopsis leidyi in culture.
培养的成年雷氏蜉蝣。
1.Design and simulation of DNA, RNA and hybrid protein–nucleic acid nanostructures with oxView.
用oxView设计和模拟DNA、RNA和混合蛋白质-核酸纳米结构。
2.Molecular profiling of enteric nervous system cell lineages.
肠道神经系统细胞谱系的分子分析。
3.Formulation of two lipid-based membrane–core nanoparticles for FOLFOX combination therapy.
用于FOLFOX联合治疗的两种脂质膜芯纳米颗粒的配制。
4.SubCellBarCode: integrated workflow for robust spatial proteomics by mass spectrometry.
SubCellBarCode：通过质谱法进行强大的空间蛋白质组学研究的综合工作流程。
5.Multigenerational laboratory culture of pelagic ctenophores and CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing in the lobate Mnemiopsis leidyi.
水层栉水母的多代实验室培养和CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑在叶状的雷氏蜉蝣中的应用。
A ten-day-old chicken embryo cleared using benzyl benzoate and imaged using a mesoSPIM light-sheet microscope with axially swept excitation. Neurofilament is shown in green and autofluorescence in magenta.
使用苯甲酸苄酯清理十天大的鸡胚胎，并使用轴向扫描激发的mesoSPIM光片显微镜成像。 神经丝显示为绿色，自发荧光显示为洋红色。
1.An analytical workflow for dynamic characterization and quantification of metal-bearing nanomaterials in biological matrices.
生物基质中含金属的纳米材料的动态表征和定量的分析工作流程。
2.A practical guide to scanning light-field microscopy with digital adaptive optics.
数字自适应光学扫描光场显微镜的实用指南。
3.Transcriptome-wide measurement of poly(A) tail length and composition at subnanogram total RNA sensitivity by PAIso-seq.
通过PAIso-seq在亚纳克级总RNA灵敏度下进行全转录组的聚(A)尾长度和组成测量。
4.Practical and concise synthesis of nucleoside analogs.
核苷类似物的实用和简明的合成。
5.Isotropic imaging across spatial scales with axially swept light-sheet microscopy.
用轴向扫光片显微镜进行跨空间尺度的各向同性成像。
6.A clinically relevant model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia by thrombus and thrombolysis in rhesus monkeys.
恒河猴血栓和溶栓的局灶性栓塞性脑缺血的临床相关模型。
7.Screening circular RNAs with functional potential using the RfxCas13d/BSJ-gRNA system.
利用RfxCas13d/BSJ-gRNA系统筛选具有功能潜力的环状RNA。
8.The cell-line-derived subcutaneous tumor model in preclinical cancer research.
细胞系衍生的皮下肿瘤模型在临床前癌症研究中的应用。
Scanning electron microscope image (pseudo-color) of a fibroblast cell forming filopodia along nanofibers functionalized by the integrin-binding peptide Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD). The nanopatterns are arrays of 20-nm-wide lines with 80-nm center-to-center distance in each line pair. Functionalization of ligands on titanium nanopatterns enables super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to study cell–ligand interactions at the molecular scale.
成纤维细胞沿着由整合素结合肽Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD)功能化的纳米纤维形成丝状伪足的扫描电子显微镜图像（伪彩色）。纳米图案是20纳米宽的线阵列，每对线的中心距为80纳米。钛纳米图案上配体的功能化使超分辨率荧光显微镜能够在分子尺度上研究细胞-配体相互作用。
1.Scalable tissue labeling and clearing of intact human organs.
完整人体器官的可扩展的组织标记和清除。
2.A rapid screening platform to coculture bacteria within tumor spheroids.
在肿瘤球状体内进行细菌共培养的快速筛选平台。
可以在3D多细胞细菌球体共培养（BSCC）系统中同时测试各种肿瘤和细菌细胞类型、基因回路和治疗有效载荷。简而言之，肿瘤球体在96孔低粘附板中接种细菌，随后洗涤和抗生素方案使球体内的选择性细菌生长。共培养可稳定≥2周，并与两种细胞群动力学研究的下游检测兼容。候选细菌通过使用BSCC平台快速迭代，并在小鼠肿瘤模型中进行测试以进行验证。
3.Nanocarriers based on bacterial membrane materials for cancer vaccine delivery.
基于细菌膜材料的纳米载体用于癌症疫苗的传递。
4.Ligand functionalization of titanium nanopattern enables the analysis of cell–ligand interactions by super-resolution microscopy.
钛合金纳米图案的配体功能化使得超分辨率显微镜可以分析细胞与配体的相互作用。
5.High-throughput proteomic sample preparation using pressure cycling technology.
利用压力循环技术的高通量蛋白质组样品制备。
6.I-TASSER-MTD: a deep-learning-based platform for multi-domain protein structure and function prediction.
I-TASSER-MTD：一个基于深度学习的多域蛋白质结构和功能预测平台。
7.Single-cell RNA and protein profiling of immune cells from the mouse brain and its border tissues.
来自小鼠大脑及其边界组织的免疫细胞的单细胞RNA和蛋白质分析。
8.Single-crystal structure determination of nanosized metal–organic frameworks by three-dimensional electron diffraction.
三维电子衍射法测定纳米金属有机框架的单晶结构。
Volcano plots are a unique tool that reveal the optimal homogeneous catalyst(s) for a chemical reaction, which appear at (or near) the volcano summit or plateau. In this protocol, we provide a detailed overview of how volcanoes can be constructed and interpreted from the results of electronic structure computations. A standalone code, volcanic, that automates construction is also presented.
火山图是一种独特的工具，可以揭示出现在火山顶峰或高原（或附近）的化学反应的最佳均相催化剂。在此协议中，我们详细概述了如何根据电子结构计算的结果构建和解释火山。还介绍了一个独立的代码，火山，可以自动构建。
1.Designing and executing prime editing experiments in mammalian cells.
在哺乳动物细胞中设计和执行先导编辑实验。
2.Small-animal blood exchange is an emerging approach for systemic aging research.
小动物换血是系统性衰老研究的一种新兴方法。
3.Synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives for enantiodifferentiating photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate.
环糊精衍生物的合成，用于2-蒽甲酸酯的对映分化光环二聚反应。
4.Isolation of mitochondria-derived mitovesicles and subpopulations of microvesicles and exosomes from brain tissues.
从脑组织中分离线粒体衍生的线粒体和微泡亚群以及外泌体。
5.Constructing and interpreting volcano plots and activity maps to navigate homogeneous catalyst landscapes.
构建和解释火山图和活动图，以浏览同质催化剂的景观。
6.Constructing a cost-efficient, high-throughput and high-quality single-molecule localization microscope for super-resolution imaging.
构建低成本、高通量、高质量的单分子定位显微镜，用于超分辨率成像。
7.Determining small-molecule permeation through lipid membranes.
确定小分子通过脂质膜的渗透性。
8.Nacre-inspired underwater superoleophobic films with high transparency and mechanical robustness.
具有高透明度和机械坚固性的珍珠层启发的水下超疏散薄膜。
9.Principles of reproducible metabolite profiling of enriched lymphocytes in tumors and ascites from human ovarian cancer.
人类卵巢癌肿瘤和腹水中富集的淋巴细胞可重复代谢物分析的原则。
10.Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into diverse organ-specific mesenchyme of the digestive and respiratory systems.
人类多能干细胞定向分化为消化系统和呼吸系统的不同器官特异性间质。
3D rendering of an eight-color confocal image of a human fetal kidney labeled for nephrogenic and structural markers using the multispectral large-scale single-cell resolution 3D (mLSR-3D) imaging protocol by van Ineveld, Collot and colleagues featured in this issue of Nature Protocols.
van Ineveld、Collot及其同事使用多光谱大尺度单细胞分辨率3D (mLSR-3D)成像方案绘制了人胎儿肾脏的八色共聚焦图像的3D渲染图，该方案在本期《自然方案》。
1.Establishment of human induced trophoblast stem cells via reprogramming of fibroblasts.
通过对成纤维细胞的重新编程建立人类诱导滋养细胞干细胞。
2.Induction of human trophoblast stem cells.
诱导人类滋养细胞干细胞。
3.Cultivation of previously uncultured microorganisms with a continuous-flow down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) bioreactor, using a syntrophic archaeon culture obtained from deep marine sediment as a case study.
用连续流下挂海绵（DHS）生物反应器培养以前未培养的微生物，以从深海沉积物中获得的合成古生物培养物为例进行研究。
4.Metagenome analysis using the Kraken software suite.
使用Kraken软件套件进行元基因组分析。
5.Enzyme-free targeted DNA demethylation using CRISPR–dCas9-based steric hindrance to identify DNA methylation marks causal to altered gene expression.
使用基于CRISPR-dCas9的立体阻碍的无酶靶向DNA去甲基化，以确定对基因表达改变有因果关系的DNA甲基化标记。
6.Measuring key human carbohydrate digestive enzyme activities using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.
利用高性能阴离子交换色谱法和脉冲安培检测法测量关键的人类碳水化合物消化酶活性。
7.A microfluidic Braille valve platform for on-demand production, combinatorial screening and sorting of chemically distinct droplets.
用于按需生产、组合筛选和分拣化学性质不同的液滴的微流控盲文阀平台。
8.Neuroscience robotics for controlled induction and real-time assessment of hallucinations.
用于控制诱导和实时评估幻觉的神经科学机器人技术。
9.MOF-derived nanoporous carbons with diverse tunable nanoarchitectures.
具有多种可调节纳米结构的MOF衍生的纳米多孔碳。
10.Multispectral confocal 3D imaging of intact healthy and tumor tissue using mLSR-3D.
使用mLSR-3D对完整的健康和肿瘤组织进行多光谱共聚焦三维成像。
11.Monitoring cell membrane recycling dynamics of proteins using whole-cell fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of pH-sensitive genetic tags.
利用pH值敏感的遗传标签光漂白后的全细胞荧光恢复，监测蛋白质的细胞膜循环动态。
