中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷-样题-词汇题

       1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.

　　A. post B. status

　　C. position D. place

　　2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research.

　　A. legible B. legitimate

　　C. legislative D. illicit

• legible

Legible writing or print can be read easily. （笔迹或字体）清晰的，易读的，清楚的Her handwriting is barely legible. 她写的字几乎无法辨认。

• legitimate

allowed by law 合法的，正当的，法律允许的

The army must give power back to the legitimate government. 军队必须将权力交还给合法政府。

• legislative

relating to laws or the making of laws 法律的；立法的

The European Parliament will have greater legislative powers (= ability to make laws). 欧洲议会将获得更大的立法权。

• illicit

illegal or disapproved of by society 非法的；违禁的；社会不容许的

illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis 可卡因和大麻之类的违禁药物

　　3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.

　　A. end B. hand

　　C. core D. best

　　4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.

　　A. impeded B. imparted

　　C. implored D. implemented

• impede

to make it more difficult for something to happen or more difficult for someone to do something妨碍，阻碍；阻止

Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way. 尽管他很害羞，但这显然一点儿也没有妨碍他的事业。

• impart sth (to sth)

to give something a particular feeling, quality, or taste 赋予，给予

Preservatives can impart colour and flavour to a product. 防腐剂能使产品保持色泽和味道。

• implore

to ask for something in a sincere and emotional way 恳求得到（某物），祈求得到（某物）She clasped her hands, and glancing upward, seemed to implore divine assistance.她双手紧握，眼睛看着上方，似乎在祈求上天的帮助

　　5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.

　　A. spell out B. call upon

　　C. fall over D. resort to

• spell sth out

to explain something in a very clear way with details 解释清楚；详细地说明The government has so far refused to spell out its plans/policies.政府至今拒绝透露详细的计划／政策。

• call on/upon sth

to make use of something, especially a quality:

Companies across the country have called on her expertise in designing marketing programs.

• fall over
  

If someone falls over, they fall to the ground.跌倒，摔倒She tripped and fell over.她绊了一下，摔倒了。

　　6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.

　　A. grossly B. severely

　　C. rapidly D. drastically

• grossly

extremely 非常，极端，极其

It was grossly unfair to demand such a high interest rate on the loan. 贷款利息如此高是极其不公平的。

　7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.

　　A. elitism B. eloquence

　　C. eminence D. etiquette

• elitism

the belief that some things are only for a few people who have special qualities or abilities 精英主义

The plan, which includes banning skateboards from the park, has drawn charges of elitism. 该计划包括禁止在公园内使用滑板，这招致了指责，认为是在奉行精英主义。

• eminence

the state of being famous, respected, or important 显赫；卓越；著名

his eminence as a movie director 他作为电影导演获得的赫赫声名

• etiquette

the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations 礼仪，礼节；规范，规矩

Social etiquette dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing. （社交）礼仪要求在女士站立时，男士不能入座。

　　8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.

　　A. altered B. criticized

　　C. incorporated D. translated

• incorporate 

to include something as part of something larger 包含；将…包括在内

Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into/in the final design. 调查中取得的建议已被纳入了最终的设计之中。

　　9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.

　　A. over B. with

　　C. down D. through

• go down

(US also go over)to be received in a particular way 引起某种反应

The joke didn't go down very well.这个笑话效果不佳

• go with sth

If one thing goes with another, they suit each other or they look or taste good together. 与…相配；与…协调；与…和谐

This wine goes particularly well with seafood. 喝这种葡萄酒吃海鲜最合适

　　10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life.

　　A. discriminating B. distributing

　　C. disagreeing D. disclosing

• discriminating

able to know and act on the difference between good and bad 有辨别能力的，有分辨力的They're discriminating shoppers. 他们是识货的买主。

　　11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to ____________ them.

　　A. find fault with B. make the most of

　　C. look down upon D. get even with

• find fault with sb/sth
  

to criticize someone or something, especially without good reasons 找…的茬，挑…的毛病

He's always finding fault with my work.他总是挑我工作上的毛病。

• make the most of sth

to take full advantage of something because it may not last long 充分利用，尽量利用It's a beautiful day - we should make the most of it. 今天天气很好——我们一定要尽情享受一下。

• look down on sb (also look down your nose at sb)

to think that you are better than someone 看不起，小看，蔑视

She thinks they look down on her because she doesn't have a job. 她觉得他们瞧不起她是因为她没有工作。

• get even with

to do something equally bad to someone who has done something bad to you 跟…算账；与…扯平

　　12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.

　　A. impressive B. evasive

　　C. intensive D. exhaustive

• evasive

answering questions in a way that is not direct or clear, especially because you do not want to give an honest answer 回避的；推托的；闪烁其辞的

The Minister was her usual evasive self, skilfully dodging reporters' questions about her possible resignation. 部长还是保持她顾左右而言他的一贯风格，当记者问及她是否可能辞职时，她驾轻就熟地避而不答

　　13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.

　　A. intolerance B. pessimism

　　C. injustice D. antagonism

• pessimism

emphasizing or thinking of the bad part of a situation rather than the good part, or the feeling that bad things are more likely to happen than good things 悲观情绪；悲观主义There is now a mood of deepening pessimism about/over the economy. 目前对经济的悲观情绪越来越浓。

• antagonism

hate, extreme unfriendliness, or active opposition to someone 对抗，对立；敌对；敌意There's a history of antagonism between the two teams. 这两支球队是宿敌。

　　14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.

　　A. count B. insist

　　C. fall D. dwell

• count on

to be confident that you can depend on someone 依靠…；指望…

You can always count on Michael in a crisis. 在危急关头你总能依靠迈克尔。

• fall on sb

When suspicion falls on a particular person, people think that they may be guilty of doing something bad. 怀疑到…的头上

He was the last person to see the woman alive, and suspicion immediately fell on him. 他是那个女人生前最后见到的人，所以一下就怀疑到他头上。

• dwell on sth

to keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant 老是想着，一直在说（尤指不好或令人不快之事）

In his speech, he dwelt on the plight of the sick and the hungry. 演讲时他一直在说遭受疾病和饥饿折磨的人们所处的困境。

　　15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their __________ and ran into the elevator.

　　A. hearts B. tempers

　　C. heads D. senses

• lose  your  head

to lose control and not act in a calm way 失去理智；情绪失控

He usually stays quite calm in meetings but this time he just lost his head. 开会时他通常都很冷静，但这次他却很冲动。

　　16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace.

　　A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of

　　C. by courtesy of D. for the price of

• at the mercy of sb/sth

to be in a situation where someone or something has complete power over you 任凭…的摆布，完全受…的支配

Poor people are increasingly at the mercy of money-lenders. 穷人受放债人的摆布的情况日益严重。

• in lieu (of)

instead (of) 替代，取代（同 instead （of））

He worked on Sunday and took Monday off in lieu. 他周日工作，这样周一可以休息。

• (by) courtesy of

because of 因为，由于

He got his black eye courtesy of a bloke he insulted at the bar last night. 他的乌青眼是因为昨天晚上在酒吧辱骂了一个大汉

　　17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension.

　　A. equivalent B. similar

　　C. consistent D. identical

　　18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.

　　A. honestly B. graciously

　　C. coherently D. flexibly

• coherently

in a way that is clear and carefully considered, with each part connecting or following in a natural or sensible way 有条理的，连贯的

Your essay does not coherently focus or communicate your ideas. 你的文章没有连贯地关注或传达自己的想法。

　　19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.

　　A. significance in B. imagination at

　　C. resemblance to D. predominance over

　　20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.

　　A. shout down B. get round

　　C. comply with D. pass over

• artful

clever and skilful, especially in getting what you want （尤指在获得自己想要的东西方面）巧妙的，机灵的，取巧的He has shown himself to be an artful politician. 可以看出他是个八面玲珑的政客。

• shout sb down

to prevent someone who is speaking at a meeting from being heard, by shouting 以叫喊声盖过（某人）的声音

She was shouted down when she tried to speak on the issue of abortion. 她试图谈论流产问题时，话音被叫喊声淹没了。

• get around

If you get around someone, you persuade them to allow you to do or have something by pleasing them or flattering them. 通过取悦（或奉承）说服

Max could always get round her. 马克斯总有法子把她哄顺了。

• comply with

to act according to an order, set of rules, or request 服从；遵守；依从

There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.不遵守规定者将受到严惩。

• pass ab/sth over
  

to ignore or not give attention to someone or something 忽略，对…不予考虑

The woman alleges that her employers passed her over for promotion because she was pregnant. 这个妇女声称，由于她怀孕了，老板根本没有考虑她的提升问题。