经济学人精读笔记 | 频上热搜的张雪峰,居高不下的青年失业率
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高考落下帷幕,最近一个人名频频上热搜,他就是志愿规划师张雪峰。围绕张雪峰有关“报新闻专业打断腿”的言论,大家也纷纷展开讨论。有人认为他的言论过于偏激,也有不少人认为他是站在务实的角度给许多普通家庭的学子“避坑”。
The jury is still out. 不管怎样,张雪峰的言论之所以能够“一石激起千层浪”,归根结底还是因为大家对眼下的经济环境和就业形势缺乏信心。国家统计局发布全国城镇调查失业率显示,今年4月,我国16~24岁的年轻人失业率为20.4%。同时,互联网大厂此起彼伏开启裁员潮。
本月,《经济学人》也将目光投向了中国青年失业率的问题。未来几天,我们将拆解这篇文章。
开篇声明:本文原文及译文取自《经济学人商论》,笔记及讲解文字由译群人团队原创,非商业用途。

标题和导语部分是这样的:
The job search goes on 继续求职
China’s young want to work. For the government 中国年轻人想要工作。为政府工作
Youth unemployment is now shockingly high当前青年失业率高得吓人
Shockingly high,高得吓人。我们曾经总结过一些位置比较灵活的副词的翻译方法:
如果副词在句中作插入语,试着前置。比如:
Telecommunications means, simply, communication from a distance.简单说来,电讯就是远距离通讯。
如果英文的副词在汉语中找不到对等的副词,可以试着转换词性。比如:
They have not done so well ideologically.他们没有做好思想工作。
The attractive force between the molecules is negilibly small.分子间的吸引力可以小到忽略不计。
翻译成“在……上”、“在……方面”,比如:
What he asserts is only theoretically true.他的提法只是在理论上能成立。
分句法,将副词翻译成一小句话:
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
此处的shockingly high就是上述第2种情况。

来看第一段:
CHINA IS A land of remarkable statistics. But an official figure published on May 16th still managed to stand out. The unemployment rate among China’s urban youth, aged between 16 and 24, exceeded one in five in April.
中国向来不缺吸睛的统计数据。但5月16日公布的一个官方数字还是格外引人注目:4月,中国16至24岁的城镇青年失业率超过20%。
如果要做回译,第一句“中国向来不缺吸睛的统计数据”,大家会怎么翻译呢?
China has never been short of eye-catching statistics.
在看到原文之后,我们可以积累一个写作词组be a land of sth.用来强调某个地方具有某种特征或特质。比如,写某地风景秀美:... is a land of breathtaking natural beauty.
写某个地方既保留了文化传统又勇于创新:... is a land of ancient traditions and modern innovations.

第一段比较简短,再看第二段:
The figure boggles the mind for a variety of reasons. China is running short of young people. It is trying, without much success, to raise the birth rate. Its economic future hangs on increased education, which could improve the quality of its workers even as their quantity declines. China is also famous for mobilising resources, including manpower. Yet it is wasting large numbers of the best-educated cohort it has ever produced.
这个数字令人诧异,原因是多方面的。在中国,年轻人口开始短缺。政府在努力提高出生率,但成效不大。中国经济的未来有赖于人口受教育程度的提高,这样可以提升劳动力的素质,以弥补数量的下降。中国也非常擅于调配人力等资源。然而,它正在浪费大批它有史以来受到最好教育的人群。
“吸睛”这个词,在这两段中出现了很多个选项,比如第一段的remarkable, 动词词组stand out。第二段第一句用了boggle the mind。
来,再积累一个写作词组:sth. boggles the mind,表示if sth boggles the mind or the mind boggles at it, it is so unusual that people find it hard to imagine or accept 使人无法想象;使人难以接受,也可以写成完整句the mind boggles,相当于that’s unbelievable.
来两个例句:The vastness of space reallyboggles the mind. 太空之辽阔的确使人难以想象。‘He says he's married to his cats!’ ‘The mind boggles!’ “他说他和他的那些猫结婚了!”“难以置信!”
和这个动词词组相关的是mind-boggling形容词,比如:a problem ofmind-bogglingcomplexity复杂得难以想象的问题
我们之前给金融方向相关客户翻译稿子的时候,经常会遇到有关回报率很高的表述,就会用到mind-boggling。比如加密货币,最开始华尔街那些投资机构是看不上加密货币的,但是近几年随着一些加密货币价格一路走高,华尔街也开始关注加密圈了,我们就会写:Even many once-skeptical institutional investors have come around after seeing some ofthe mind-boggling returns.
同时,这段话的第一句话也给我们提供了议论文的模范结构。开篇先列举数据。然后说这个数据在意料之外,却也在情理之中,是有几个原因的:The figure boggles the mind for a variety of reasons.然后开始列举原因To begin with... Secondly... blabla
Source: Getty Images
Hang on取决于,结合下面例句直接记吧:Much hangs on the success of the collaboration between the Group of Seven governments and Brazil.很多事情都取决于七国政府集团与巴西之间合作的成功。再来一个经济学人里的句子:
And yet cities are stronger and more resilient than they seem. As with so much else, the fate of cities hangs on the development of treatments and vaccines.然而,城市比它们表面上看起来那样更强大、更有韧性,和很多其它事情一样,城市的命运取决于治疗方案和疫苗的进展。
回头可以用hang on替换be determined by/depend on。
cohort这个词有点难理解。cohort指的是一群具有共同特征或共同经历的人。通常情况下,cohort用来指代同一年份或同一时期出生的人群。在这个上下文中,它指的是中国所产生的受教育水平最高的人群。英文解释是:a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour (有共同特点或举止类同的)一群人,一批人,比如
the 1999 birth cohort 的意思就是 all those born in 1999,1999年出生的同龄人口。
现学现用一下,比如今年毕业的大学生是史上规模最大的一届,我们可以说:The cohort of students graduating this year is the largest in China’s history.

下面是第三段
Youth unemployment is puzzling, as well as surprising. It has increased even as China’s economy has reopened after the sudden end of its zero-covid regime in December. It has jumped up while the overall unemployment rate has edged downwards (from 6.1% in April 2022 to 5.2% a year later). And it is likely to rise further in the next few months. This year, a record 11.6m students will graduate from university, an increase of almost 40% since 2019. They include Wang Lili, who will leave one of China’s top-100 universities this year with a degree in management. “The market is terrible,” she laments. “Many graduates are very anxious.”
青年失业率如此之高,令人惊讶也令人费解。中国在去年12月突然结束新冠清零政策,全面重启经济,但在这样的背景下,青年失业率竟然上升了。在整体失业率略微下降(从2022年4月的6.1%下降至一年后的5.2%)的同时,青年失业率却跃升,而且很可能还会在接下来几个月进一步上升。今年大学应届毕业生人数将达到创纪录的1160万,比2019年增加近40%。管理学专业的王丽丽(音译)就是其中一员,她今年将从一所排名中国前100位的大学毕业。“就业市场很糟糕,”她哀叹,“许多毕业生都非常焦虑。”
我们之前提到过,as well as很多时候并不能完全等同于and,而是类似于not only but also的含义。不同的是,not only A but also B强调的是B,而A as well as B强调的是A。所以,puzzling as well as surprising更好的理解是,不但令人惊讶,也令人费解,侧重puzzling。
edge表示to increase or decrease slightly 略为增加(或减少)Prices edged up 2% in the year to December. 到12月为止的年度价格上涨了2%。
从结构上看,这段话侧重阐述了青年失业率是怎么个puzzling:
首先,清零政策结束之后,社会秩序恢复正常,按理青年失业率应该是有所下降的,但是it has increased even as...
其次,整体失业率下降了,是不是也能带动青年失业率下降呢?燃鹅并没有:it has jumped up while...
雪上加霜的是,青年失业率还会升高:it is likely to rise further...为什么呢?看数据,a record 11.6m students will graduate from university,是什么概念?An increase of almost 40% since 2019.
注意这几句话的层层递进,while, even as的用法,以及列举数据对观点论据的加持。

来到第四段:The number of unemployed youth (about 6.3m in the first three months of this year) is small relative to China’s 486m-strong urban workforce. But they attract most of the attention, points out Xiangrong Yu of Citigroup, a bank, and his colleagues. The anxiety and disappointment felt by college students—and spread through social media—could “affect the confidence of the entire society”, write Zhuo Xian and his co-authors at the Development Research Centre (DRC), a government think-tank.
相对于中国4.86亿的城镇劳动人口,失业青年的数量(在今年前三个月约为630万)并不算多。但是,花旗银行的余向荣及其同事指出,这个人群备受关注。大学生感到焦虑和失望,这种情绪通过社交媒体传播,可能会“影响整个社会的信心”,政府智库国务院发展研究中心的卓贤及合著者在一篇文章中写道。
第一句中值得强调的是strong的用法,表示of a specified number,用于描述数量或强调规模。比如an army ten thousand strong强调的是军队的规模之大。486m-strong urban workforce强调的是劳动人口数量之多。
大学生对就业的焦虑情绪会通过社交媒体传播spread through social media, 进而affect the confidence of the entire society。这种感觉有点像ripple effect或chain reaction:
a situation in which an event or action has an effect on sth, which then has an effect on sth else 连锁反应
其他可以表示这种“连锁反应”的词还有比如domino effect, knock-on effect。动词可以搭配set off,引发连锁效应。比如纽约时报的这个句子:
The fast-spreading coronavirus and a plunge in oil prices set off a chain reaction in financial markets on Monday, a self-perpetuating downward cycle that could inflict serious harm on the global economy.周一,冠状病毒的迅速传播和油价的暴跌引发了金融市场的连锁反应,形成了一个不断探底的下行周期,可能对全球经济造成严重损害。
再顺嘴一提这个例句中的self-perpetuating,复合词self-词缀表示 of, to or by yourself or itself 自身的;对自身;由自身,构成名词和形容词perpetuate:[ VN] ( formal ) to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time 使永久化;使持久化;使持续这两个拼在一起,self-perpetuating,自己不断持续的一个状态。再结合后面的downward cycle,就是不断跌落,不断探底,你以为到底部了,要触底反弹了,燃鹅并没有,跌不停。
本专题未完待续。

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