【龙腾网】法国海盗米绅：殖民马达加斯加，成立利伯塔利亚岛国！

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Captain Misson, a Frenchman, was no ordinary pirate. He felt that piracy offered a chance to improve the lives of the common people and reject the monarchial establishment. In many ways, Misson embodied the ideals of the French Revolution a century before it happened.

法国米绅船长并不是普通的海盗。他认为做海盗提供了一个机会改善平民百姓的生活水平和反抗君主立宪制。在法国大革命爆发前的一世纪，米绅已经通过多种方式实践了做海盗的理想。

The details of Misson’s life were extensively documented by Daniel Defoe, who also wrote Robinson Crusoe. If Misson’s story sounds too crazy to be true, that’s because it might well be. While the account of his life is presented as real, many historians have accused Defoe of making the whole thing up.

写《鲁宾逊漂流记》的丹尼尔·笛福详细地纪录了米绅一生的细节。如果说米绅的故事听起来太过疯狂，不像是真的，那是因为事实就是这样的。尽管对他生平的记录十分真实，但许多历史学家却指责是笛福编造的情节。

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Libertatia (also known as Libertalia) was a purported anarchist colony founded in the late 17th century in Madagascar by pirates under the leadership of Captain James Misson .

利伯塔利亚（又称利伯塔力亚）是一个传说中的无政府主义殖民地，17世纪末在由米绅领导群盗于马达加斯加建立。

Libertalia was a legendary free colony forged by pirates and the pirate Captain Misson, although some historians have expressed doubts over its existence outside of literature. Libertalia got its name from the latin word Liberi which means "free". Misson''s idea was to have his society be a society in which people of all colors, creeds, and beliefs were to be free of any scrutiny. He wanted to give the people of Libertalia their own demonym, not one of a past country of origin.[1] Historian and activist Marcus Rediker describes the pirates as follows:

利伯塔利亚是一个传说中的通向自由的殖民地，由海盗船长米绅伪造，尽管一些历史学家对它于小说范畴之外的存在表示怀疑。利伯塔利亚这个词来源于拉丁语Liberi，是自由的意思。米绅想让利伯塔利亚成为一个不分肤色、不分信仰、不受审查的社会。他想给利伯塔利亚人民一个公民身份取代原籍。历史学家和活动家马库斯-雷迪克对这些海盗的描述如下：

These pirates who settled in Libertalia would be "vigilant Guardians of the People''s Rights and Liberties"; they would stand as "Barriers against the Rich and Powerful" of their day. By waging war on behalf of "the Oppressed" against the "Oppressors," they would see that "Justice was equally distributed.

这些在利伯塔利亚定居的海盗将成为“人民自由与权利的卫士“，他们将成为那个时代的”反抗富人和强权者的壁垒“。通过领导”被压迫者”对压迫者发动战争，见证”正义得到平等分配“

The pirates were against the various forms of authoritarian social constructs of their day, monarchies, slavery, and capital. The pirates practiced forms of direct democracy, where the people as a whole held the authority to make laws and rules, and used systems of councils with delegates, who were supposed to think of themselves as "comrades" of the general population, and not rulers. The pirates created a new language for their colony and operated a socialist economy.

群盗们反对当时的各种形式的专制社会结构，君主制、奴隶制和酱主义。群盗们实行的是直接民主，即全体人民拥有制定法律和规则的权力，并施行代表委员会制度，委员认为自己是普通公民的“同志”，而不是统治者。群盗们还为自己的殖民地创造了一种新的语言，实行社会主义经济。

According to the account in the General History of the Pyrates,[6] Misson was French, born in Provence, and it was while he was in Rome on leave from the French warship Victoire that，gradually converted Misson and a sizeable portion of the rest of the crew to his way of thinking:

据《皮拉特人通史》记载，米绅是法国人，在普罗旺斯出生，他于离开法国军舰”维克托瓦“号到罗马休假期间，慢慢地改变了想法：

that the vast Difference betwixt Man and Man, the one wallowing in Luxury, and the other in the most pinching Necessity, was owing only to Avarice and Ambition on the one Hand, and a pusillanimous Subjection on the other.
人与人之间的差异巨大，有的沉湎于奢侈，而有的人生活窘迫，前者满是贪婪和野心，后者懦弱臣服。

So Embarking on a career of piracy, the 200 strong crew of the Victoire called upon Misson to be their captain. They shared the wealth of the ship, deciding "all should be in common.

于是200名船员踏上了海盗生涯，并要求米绅做“维克托瓦”号的船长，分配船上的财富，决议“所有人共有”。