【旅美人士医学英语分享】《Hannah’s医学英语》带你深入了解医学词汇和看病相
Hannah's 医学英语
本文章为我本人根据Hannah‘s医学英语内容进行笔记汇总的，如有错误麻烦指出，谢谢！
1.
root词根
suffix后缀
prefix前缀
combinvowel结合元音
CV:
1）删除：当后缀以元音字母为词首
2）保留：当后接构词形以辅音字母为词首；
两个词根之间必加连接元音
eg.gastroenterology
anesthesiology麻醉学cardiology心脏病学dermatology皮肤病学endocrinology内分泌学hematology血液学nephrology肾脏学gynecology妇科学neurology神经病学oncology肿瘤学ophthalmology眼科医学radiology放射医学pathology病理学psychology心理学
-logist某医生 nephrologist
2.inflammation
-itis炎症
eg.appendicitis阑尾炎arthritis关节炎bronchitis支气管炎cystitis膀胱炎colitis结肠炎dermatitis皮肤炎hepatitis肝炎gastroenteritis胃肠炎gastritis胃炎enteritis肠炎nephritis肾炎pancreatitis胰腺炎
3.
meningitis脑膜炎conjunctivitis结膜otitis耳炎rhinitis鼻炎tonsillitis扁桃体炎sinusitis鼻窦炎pharyngitis咽炎laryngitis喉炎gingivitis牙龈炎tendinitis肌腱炎urethritis尿道炎vaginitis阴道炎
4.
abdominal bloating腹部胀气
anxiety腹痛anxious焦虑不安的black out暂时失去知觉blackout昏厥a blister(s)水泡blood in my stool/poop血便blood in urine(hematuria)血尿 blood-tinged sputum血痰coughing up blood（hemoptysis）咯血bowel movement大便a bruise瘀伤can‘t concentrate不能集中精神 can’t crouch不能蹲下blurred vision/can‘t see clearly视觉模糊burping/belching打饱嗝hiccups打嗝chest discomfort胸部不适chest pain胸痛chills发冷a coma昏迷constipation便秘depression抑郁症depressed抑郁的diarrhea腹泻difficulty swallowing厌食困难dislocation脱臼speech disturbance语言障碍dizziness头晕dizzy头晕drool流口水drowsy昏沉沉的drowsiness睡意ear discharge 耳分泌物edema水肿fatigue疲倦fatigued a fever发烧a fracture骨折frequent urination尿频sandy/gritty/scratchy feeling/sensation in the eyes沙粒入眼的感觉
5.
a flu/cold 区别fever,headache,aches,pains,fatigue,weakness,extreme exhaustion,chest discomfort
6.
-ectomy切除术
hysterectomy子宫切除术hysteria歇斯底里
mastectomy乳房切除术
lumpectomy肿块切除术benign、cancerous
oophorectomy卵巢切除术
cervicectomy=trachelectomy子宫颈切除术
vasectomy输精管切除术
prostatectomy前列腺切除术
7.
appendectomy阑尾切除术
adrenalectomy肾上腺切除术
adenoidectomy腺样体切除术
tonsillectomy扁桃体切除术
thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术
hemorrhoidectomy痔疮切除术
gastrectomy胃切除术
pancreatectomy胰腺切除术
8.
hepatectomy肝切除术
splenectomy脾切除术
nephrectomy肾脏切除术
salpingectomy输卵管切除术
mastoidectomy乳突切开术
polypectomy息肉切除术polyps息肉
9.
be going to+infinitive
vital signs生命体征：temperature、pulse、respiration、blood pressure
eg.i am gonna take/get/measure/do/check your vital signs/vitals,ok?.
cuff袖带put the cuff around your upper arm
inflate the cuff 充袖带
10.主要复习各种炎症单词
11.
cystostomy膀胱造口术
nephrostomy肾脏造口术
colostomy结肠造口术
cholecystostomy胆囊造口术
gastrostomy胃造口术
enterostomy肠造口术
jejunostomy空肠造口术
tracheostomy气管造口术
12.二型糖尿病三种典型症状
increased appetite/excessive hunger多食
excessive urination/frequent urination/urinating more often than usual多尿
excessive thrist/increased thirst/feeling very thirst/feeling thirsty all the time 多饮
三症：polyphagia多吃polyuria多尿polydipsia多饮
13.其他常见二型糖尿病症状
unexplained weight loss（losing weight without trying）体重不正常减轻
lose weight；weight loss
blurred vision/decreased vision视力模糊
slow healing wounds伤口愈合慢
tingling or numbeness in the hands or feet手或脚有刺痛、麻木感
fatigue/tiredness/feeling weak/shaky 疲乏无力
dry and Itchy skin 皮肤干燥和搔痒
frequent infections反复感染
14.身体部位的名词1
shin胫部eg.she bumped/banged her shin against the shelf as she stood up.
calf/calves腓部
thigh 大腿inner thigh/outer thigh/ back thigh/front thigh tone up 增强
knee膝盖eg.i scraped/skinned my knee in a bike acciedent.
toe/toes脚趾eg.lift/raise your toes up toward your shin. toe walking
heel脚后跟 high heels高跟鞋
15.身体部位名称2
hand、fingers、thumb、index finger/pointer finger、middle finger、ring finger、litter finger/baby finger/pinky、fingernail、palm、back of the hand、knuckle、wrist
16.身体部位名词3
stomach、pancreas、liver、gallbladder、small intestine/bowel、duodenum、jejunum、ileum、large intesetine/large bowel/colon、cecum、appendix、ascending colon、transverse colon、descending colon、rectum、anus
17.大便问诊
constipation便秘eg.i have constipation
type1:separate hard lumps,like nuts
type2:Sausage-shaped but lumpy
type3:like a sausage but with cracks on the surface
type4:like a sausage or snake,smooth and soft
type5:soft blobs with clear-cut edges
type6:fluffy pieces with ragged edges,a mushy stool
type7:watery,no solid pieces,entirely liquid
18.大便问诊
bowel movement肠蠕动
poop排便、大便empty the bowel、poop、pass stool
how are your bowel movements?
how are your bowel habbits?
i have trouble going.
do you poop regularly?
how often do you poop?/how frequent are your bowel movements?
how mamy bowel movements do you have every day?/how many times are you pooping every day?
i go once a day/twice a day/three time a day.
i have a bowel movement...i go...
do you have any pain or bloating?
is there blood in your stool?
did you have a bowel movement today?
when was your last bowel movement?
what color is your stool?
what dose your stool look like?
does your stool normally look like that?
19.on+body part
lie on your back please.
lie on your stomach please.
lie on your tummy/belly please.
lie on your side please.
i will put a pillow to keep you on your side.
do you sleep on your stomach or your back.
sleeping on your back is known as one of the best positions.
does your toddler like walking around on their tiptoes?
please sit on yout bum and we'll read a story.
stand on your right foot with your left leg bent
the baby often crawls on all fours.
20.两个专业名词前缀
hyper-高，超过，亢奋的
eg.hypertension、hyperthyroidism、hyperactive thyroid、hyperglycemia、hyperlipidemia、hypercholesterolemia、hypertrilyceridemia、hyperuricemia、hypercalcemia
hypo-低，少，减退
eg.hypoglyemia（同上）
21.
digestive system
digestive tract/gastrointestinal tract/GI
tract/alimentary canal
digestive glands
oral cavity/mouth
pharynx-throat
esophagus/oesophagus food pipe
major salivary glands
parotid glands
sublingual glands
submandibular glands;mandible
sigmoid colon
22.看病实用词汇
may/might+infinitive(动词不定式）
side effects 副作用
eg.you might suffer/experience dizziness.
23.thermometer体温计 temperature scales
digital thermometer
celsius/fahrenheit摄氏/华式
temporal artery/forehead thermometer
disposable forehead thermometer一次性的额温仪
common temperature sites： mouth、underarm/armpit、ear、rectum、forehead
常用表达：i am gonna take your temperature.i am gonna take it orally.
24.量体温对话
25.复习量体温对话
26.pain scale
mild/moderate/severe/
how would you rate your pain on a scale of/from 1-10?with 1 being mild and 10 being the worst pain you've had in your entire life/you can imagine
can you tell me about your pain level?
27-30.问诊常用开头
1you look sick;你太酷了it‘s just an exoression
2you gave me a heart attack; my hands are equipped with defibrillators;clear!
3fist bump;pumped up=excited我太激动了
4you have a sloght epidermal abrasion.i suggest an antibacterial spay.上面，表面
5how would you like to be addressed?miss smith is fine.
waht would you like me to call you?you call me a xx
what's your name?
how may i adress you?
what do you prefer to go by?
6what brings you in/here today?你哪儿不舒服
what seems to be the problem?
7shortness of breath气短cardiac心脏的EKG/ECG心电图
rule out sth 排除
hematocrit血细胞比容dietary history饮食史
do you have any questions?
31-32描述症状
1i have（i’ve got）+病名/症状
2i have （i’ve）been+Verb-ing
33妇科疾病
menstruation/menstruate
menstrual clots
menstrual cycle
heavy/light periods
heavy menstrual bleeding/flow
irregular periods
menstrual pain
menstrual/period cramps
menstrual bleeding
spotting between periods
abnormal vaginal bleeding
待续
34手术同意书informed consent
obtain/receive consent from sb
give/grant consent to sb./sth
withhold(your)consent(not give it)不同意
consent to sth:the patient has the right to consent to the surgery.
consent to do sth
investigation,treatment,operative procedure
order-lab tests/an ultrasound/an MRI/A CT scan
nature性质 ,anticipated effect预期的结果, propose提出,sinificant risks重大风险, alternatives替代方案, available可用的
35高频动词make
make a choice; make a promise; make up one's mind; make time; make a mistake/mistakes; make excuses; make things happen, make a wish; make someone's day; make a positive impact on someone;
36keep sth. in check 控制、调节、抑制
be responsiible for
metabolism, heartbeat, temperature, mood
37run down
hormone, take hormones服用激素
lousy不舒服，糟糕的
run-down筋疲力尽的
38猜词技巧
guessing meaning from context
look for synonyms as context clues
look for antonyms as context clues
eg.lethargic; lethargy
lethargy can also be s side effect of taking certain medications.
39get one's hopes up
eg.i should have listened to Eric and not get my hopes up until everythind was confirmed.
be prepared for; miscarriage 流产
口语表达方式：
like/you know/well/Um/literally/seriously/basically
Ectopic pregnancy异位妊娠
40.突然停止（服药）/喝咖啡/喝酒/吸烟/吸毒
first and foremo首先
（go/quit/stop）cold turkey 突然终止某种已经成瘾的习惯
you don't wanna你最好不要（建议）
obviously； trigger
you wanna建议你，你最好
go slow慢慢来
wean yourself off sth使某人逐渐戒掉
flat-out完全地
proton pump inhibitor(PPI)
taper off 逐渐停止
eg.you wanna taper off your antidepressant medication/you wanna wean off your antidepressants.
with some medications, quitting/stopping cold turkey/abruptly may cause withdrawal symptoms.
