综英3笔记（四）·Gramma

1·so that

(1)adverbial（副词的；状语的）clause of purpose（目的，计划）

In a so that adverbial clause of purpose,modal verbs（情态动词）such as can,could,may,might are alwals used.

*I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear.

(2)adverbial clause of result

In a so that adverbial clause of result,modal verbs are smetimes used.

*Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.

##compare##

*Miss Zhao spoke loudly sothat everyone in th classroom can hear her.(purpose)

*Miss Zhao spoke so loudly that everyone herd her.(result)

(3)so that and inversion（n. 相反，倒置；逆温；转位；粒子数布居反转；倒反，反转；求逆，求反；（表达）转换）

在so...that..结构中，若将so+adj./adv.置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装

so+adj./adv.+助动词+主语+谓语

*So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.(The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home.)

2·though&although&nevertheless

(1)though&although

【1】These two words are interchangeable（adj. 可互换的；可交换的；可交替的）,but although is more formal and usually put in the beginning of a sentence.

*I`d quite like to go out,(al)though it is a bit late.我很想外出，虽然为时稍晚。

【2】Although and though can not be used together with but,but it can be used together with yet or still.

*Although he lives along,yet he is happy.(He lives alone,but he is happy.)

【3】Thoough can be used in an invension structure倒装 when th emphasized（强调） word is put in the beginning of a sentence,but although an notbe used in this way.

*Poor though as he is,he is happy.

*Child though as she was,the acttress was drawing a crowd.尽管还是个孩子，这个女演员却引起了人们的注目。（could前无冠词a）

【4】An although clause usually indicates 表明；显示 a fact while a though clause usally indicates an assumption假设.

*Let`s start as arranged though it rains tommorrow.即使明天下雨，咱们也按预定的计划出发吧。（假设）

*He was not unhappy although he had to live along.虽然一个人生活，他毫无不快之感。（事实）

【5】Although is only used as a conjunction连词 while though an be used as an adv. as well as a conjunction.When it is used as an adv.,it always appears at the end of a sentence,or in the mid when the sentence is long.

*It`s hard work,I enjoy it though.这是苦差事，可我干得颇有趣味。

*There`s no excuse,though,for hurting her feelings.但是，伤害她的感情是没有借口的。

【6】Though can be used together with even or as in even though or as though whle although can not be used i this way.

*Even though I fail,I will keep on trying.

*You look as though(as if) you know each qther.

【7】Though may appear in an ellipsis省略 while although may not.

*Though(he is)alone,he is happy.

(2)nevertheless

【1】conj.But,however,yet

*We are going nevertheless we shall reteturn.我们要走了，不过我们还要回来。

*She was very tired,neverheless she kept on working

【2】adv.in spite of that;not with standing;all the same

*He succeeded nevertheless.不过他还是成功了。

3·Nominal Clauses名词性从句(that-clause,interrogative sub-clauses,nominal relative clauses,nominal to-infinitice clauses and norminaling clauses.)

Nominal clauses functon like noun phrases.They can occur as subject,complement补足语,apposition同位语,and prepositional complement介词宾语

*The hope is [that we will succeed].(complement)

*The hope [that we will succeed] is unrealistic(apposition)

*[What you do] dose not concern me.(subject)

*I didn`t ask [whereyou live].(object)

*I had prepared myself very carefully for [what I must say](prepositional completment)