passage 1 画地图

★★★

文章讲解：

①A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. ②Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. ③That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. ④Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. ⑤Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. ⑥Alpers, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.

① 作者观点

↓

② 观点

↓

③ 观点

↓

④ 事实/观点

↓

⑤大众观点 ↔ ⑥观点

文章信息矩阵：

aesthetic          technical

                        19th cart.

vis. eff.             technician

landscape

beautiful          

bf. 1800

beauty            

pre-techical

art                  engineering

visual             engineers

题型解析：

1. According to the passage, Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the “paradigm” were 态度题

A. inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to 1800 understand their own work符合

B. dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering 相反，17世纪并无区分，dependent无从谈起

C. unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questionsof mapmaking相反，如果不关注就不会有beautiful paradigm这一说了

D. insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1800 相反，肯定在意到了

E. supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after 1800 相反，两者之间是divide / 也可以是没有证据

 

2. It can be inferred from the passage that, beginning in the 1980s, historians of cartography 间接细节，时间点前后取反

A. placed greater emphasis on the beauty of maps made after 1800 相反

B. expanded their range of study to include more material created after 1800 符合

C. grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers prior to 1800 conceived [剑1] of their work对制图者理解自己作品的方式更加敏感，没有证据/相反

D. came to see the visual details of maps as aesthetic objectsrather than practical cartographic aids没有visual details相关证据/ 相反

E. reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking 相反

 [剑1]设想，考虑