学习资料
身未在，心已远，手机电脑屏幕前亲爱的各位观众朋友们大家好，这里是旅行者了。今天给大家带来的是咱们第一期的学习资料，也就是高考英语的学习内容，话不多说，我们直接进入正题。
英语
作为一门背负了太多不该背负的骂名的一门主科，我在此必须要为她正名！
曾几何时，英语几乎变成了大家口中过街人人喊打的老鼠，不知道有多少人呼吁取消英语科目的主科地位，甚至要求取消英语的考试。
但是在座的各位扪心自问一下，英语对于我们来说真的难吗？
我可以这样说，英语在我看来，是九科当中最简单的！
因为英语她是为数不多你只要肯努力，便可得到回报的科目，也是为数不多纯粹考验你记忆能力的科目。
试问：如果将咱们高考英语的试卷翻译成汉语，你难道不觉得就是些小学的题目么？
所以英语对于我们的思考能力要求是非常浅的，记忆能力才是主流。
如果你连记忆能力都没有，那别说是英语，这边建议你直接弃坑吧。
因为所有科目都需要记忆力做支撑，只不过英语更为突出而已。
（可是为什么我们英语成绩还是上不去呢？我明明曾经也认真了）
有这个问题的小伙伴们，首先我很高兴你们曾经为英语努力过，但也很遗憾那只是“曾经”。
不知道你有没有过这种经历：本来英语成绩非常差，感觉啥都不会，只能考个五六十分甚至更低。然后突然有一天你心血来潮，下定决心要学好英语。然后花了将近一周的时间，没日没夜地背，最终终于将定语从句这一大难点掌握了，然后你信心满满地翻开卷子一测，发现你只提高了一两分……
这时的你，感到前路茫茫，生活已然没了什么希望，毕竟自己辛苦了这一周，其他啥课都没学，结果才这么点结果。
其实，英语的学习，不是一朝一夕就能成的，其他学科当然也不能一蹴而就，但英语在这个上面显得更加明显。
因为英语是一门外国语言学科，作为一个同样有悠久历史的语言，当中的体系也必然非常庞大，知识点也必然非常琐碎。
英语并不像语文，我们本身有汉语基础不至于啥都不会，也不像数学，学会了立体几何这一板块就能二十几分到手。英语是非常琐碎的，也许你花了很大一笔功夫学会了一个模块，对你分数的增长也仅仅只有几分而已。
所以，对于英语的学习，我们必须要做好打持久战的准备。再也没有任何科目比英语更适合“欲速则不达”这句话了。而也因此，我们才更应该早早地开始学英语，并且心中始终记住“我学英语不是为了一个月以后能提高，而是要保证高考时能见效。哪怕三个月没有效果，我也不会放弃！”
前话就说道这吧，具体的路，就由你们来走了。
下次的英语专栏篇，我会直接进入正篇。
今天给大家带来的是：阅读理解题
我就不必多说了，英语阅读理解绝对是绝大多数人的硬伤。
分值更不必多说，四十分的超大分值，谁看了都眼红。
可就是有很多人想做好，却始终觉得阅读理解题很棘手，尤其是C篇和D篇。
那么今天我就给大家带我自己关于课外阅读理解的学习心得。
首先，单词必不可少。
这不仅是课外阅读，对于英语所有的内容，单词都是必不可少的一个模块。毕竟你连基本的单词都不知道，那还谈何做题呢？
另外，背单词时注意方向，比起看汉译英，更重要的是看英译汉。
单词该怎么找呢？很简单，自己买本高考必背3500词，一天早中晚各十个，一共三十个。有手机的用手机录音自己听写，没手机的写纸上看汉译英，看英译汉。在记的时候一定要记全汉语意思，高考时最喜欢考熟词生义让人防不胜防。
（读者：小旅儿，我不想被单词，怎么办？）
（我：“哥无恩‘滚’！”）（你是故意找茬呢是不是？你学不学吧？学不学！）
背单词时还须注意，单词确实是根本，但不是全部，千万不要因为背了单词而忘记对其他的训练哦，每日三十个单词尽量放在课下背，不要耽误课上哦！
回归正题，高考的英语课外阅读理解主要分为两大类：细节理解和主旨大意（其他的占比较少）。
而细节理解的提问方式一般是：what、how、which等，也就是我们常说的（5w1h）；
主旨大意的题问方式一般是：问标题、问出处、问大意、问目的；
知道了题干的考察方向，接下来就再给大家说说解题的技巧。
对于做英语文章，我认为最愚蠢的方法就是先通读一遍全文再进行选择。一来高考英语的文章篇幅特别长，看完太花时间，二来看完后你不一定能记得住，最后做题时还是要返回再看，这又何必呢？
所以，在做题时，还是要先从题干入手。
那么该怎么入手呢？
首先，抓住题干中的关键词。
（读者：关键词是什么？）
关键词，如果按照从重要的到不重要的排序，一般是题干中的：数词、带有大写字母的专有名词、普通名词、动词。
也就是说，在做题时，我们首先要看数词，有的话划下来，没有的话找带有大写字母的专有名词，继而普通名词，最后动词。总之有多少划多少。
例如给出以下几个句子：
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
以上三个句子，不需要你们完全翻译，只是用上面的方法（数词、带有大写字母的专有名词、普通名词、动词）找出关键词，你们能做到吗？
正确答案如下，你看你们答对了吗？（绿色是大写字母专有名词，粉红色的是普通名词，蓝色的是动词。）
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
注意：做英语阅读理解时需注意，一般情况下不可能会出现一模一样的话叫你对照，大部分都是同义改写，需要辨别。
都说英语课外阅读理解难，那就看看它到底有多难。以这篇文章为例：
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make f520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate f240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar taxis having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
文章展示完，来看下下面这个题：
1. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children's health.
D. To encourage research in education.
首先，先找出关键词，此句的关键词为“the sugar tax introduced”，
其中tax译为“税”，stupid tax便是我们经常调侃的“智商税”。
与此相对应的同义词是duty，关税的意思。duty on是关于……的税收。
那duty-free store是什么意思呢？大家猜一猜。
同时，introduce也有引进的意思。
也就是说，这里的题干问的问题是，为什么糖税会被引进？
划了关键词，理解了题干的意思，接下来我们便可以去原文里对应了。
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
通过关键词定位法，我们可以直接将信息的出处定位在文章的第一、第二段。
就算不知道关键词定位法，你也应该知道“题文同序”吧，也就是说四道题一般就是按照文章从前往后的顺序出的。
好，再回归正题，题目上问的是糖税（sugar tax）被引进（was introduced）是干嘛的。
那么文章当中的这句话“was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖)”基本上就已经是答案了。
题目上说帮助解决孩子的肥胖问题，一说到肥胖我们自然而然会想到健康的问题，所以C项正确（To protect children's health.保护孩子的健康）。
A.To collect money for schools.为学校筹钱。与文章不符且不符合价值观；
B.To improve the quality of drinks.提升饮料的质量。糖税的出现，就代表着用糖成本提高，成本提高就会减少用糖量，饮料质量反而会下降，因此B不符合逻辑。
D.To encourage research in education.鼓励教育研究。文章没有体现。
综上，掌握关键词解题法，能省出很多时间。
借助着这股热劲，再来看一篇：
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the world, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In are cent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a "keyhole" in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys" to choose from. Inserting the correct "key" would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age,but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的)shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference". In the experiment,Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space. similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B.Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D.Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
一看到title，便可知这是主旨大意题。
而做过语文课外阅读理解的应该都知道，文章的主旨一般在文章的开头、结尾以及每一段的段首。
另外，文章出现“but、however、instead”等转折词汇时，也要留意。
例如小日子曾经说过的一句话：南京大屠杀是事实，但我们也有广岛和长崎原子弹，我们也是受害者。
我就想问，他们这样说的主要目的是为了承认南京大屠杀吗？不是！“但”之后的才是重点！！
当然，大家一定要注意活学活用，千万不能一根死脑筋在那硬磕。例如有一篇文章：
原文："Don't get me wrong. Young children do love experiences. And this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built given everywhere. In fact, young children are excited throughout the experience.However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details of the events."
题目：1.Why are theme parks springing up according to Chaplin?
A.They can offer children lasting happiness.
B.Events in them are centered on specific themes.
C.Children are interested in the events there.
D. Kids have an affection for the atmosphere they offer.
这道题估计很多人在听了我所说的后会注意到however，然后脑子一热就选了A，但只要稍微读一下就知道，文章的原意是：然而，要想获得持久的快乐，孩子们必须能够回忆起事件的细节。
意思就是，这里的然而，并不是对前文的否定相当于说：我听说你对英语学习有所规划，然而你若真想要取得效果，还是得要结合自身实际。
这里的然而，并不是说我不认可你制定规划这一行为，而是我不仅认可，还进一步帮你提出优化建议。所以本质上是一句话，然而并不是前后转折的意思。
因此，这道题的答案是
C.Children are interested in the events there.孩子对公园的项目感兴趣
原文：Young children do love experiences. 孩子喜欢游玩的经历
收住，有点扯开了，我们再回到开始的那篇文章。
既然已经有了选择句子的方法，那咱们就不用费心尽力去读全文了，直接把重点句选出来。
①Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
②In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes.
③The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
我想答案已经一目了然了，不选D.Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters还能选什么呢？
其中，recognize 认出；意识到；承认；知道
recognition 识别；认可
下面，再看一篇文章
What should we get for our kids this holiday? As children get older, giving them something they can experience instead of material things makes them happier, according to a new research led by Chaplin.
The research compared the level of happiness children get from material things with that from experiences. The results showed that children aged 3-12 get more happiness from material things than from experiences. However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.
"It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things, like some might think," Chaplin says. She goes on to explain,"Don't get me wrong.Young children do love experiences. And given this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact, young children are excited throughout the experience.However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details the events."
Long after they have unwrapped their Legos and stuffed animals, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can't see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a longtime. There's an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
"Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties," she said."Children are likely to appreciate those experiences more if there is something to remind them of the event. Additionally, they'll be able to learn the social value of shared experiences."
Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts they received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
Since memory is developed over time, it's likely that children, especially young ones, may not get as much happiness from past experiences as from possessions. But with age, creating new memories and exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.
对于这种文章，我们是该先读题，还是先读文章呢？
答案：都不是！
对于这种长难文，我们首先还是要先捋清楚文章到底讲了什么。
但也不是说我们就必须得逐字逐句读，依旧是按照刚刚的方法，找出关键句。
简化结果如下：
①What should we get for our kids this holiday?这个假期我们该给孩子什么?
②..The results showed that children aged 3-12 get more happiness from material things than from experiences. However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.
结果表明3到12岁的孩子比起经历，从物品中获得更多快乐。大孩子反之。
③"It means experiences are highly preferred by(adolescent, not just expensive material things, like some might think," Chaplin says.
爱都来深的意思是青少年更重视经历而不是昂贵的物品。
④... However, young children can't see or touch experiences after they are over,making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a long time.然而小孩子无法看到或摸到经历在它们结束后，让他们重视经历很难。
⑤"Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties,"she said.拍照或摄像…
⑥Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts hey received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
孩子们记得并重视的不仅有生日礼物，还有与家人朋友一起的时光..
⑦...But with age, creating new memories and exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.随着年龄增长，创造新回忆、探索新兴趣更有价值。
由此可知，找关键句依旧看结果（result）看但是（however/but）。
首先来看第一题：
1.Why are theme parks springing up according to Chaplin?
A. They can offer children lasting happiness.
B.Events in them are centered on specific themes.
C. Children are interested in the events there.
D.Kids have an affection for the atmosphere they offer.
根据题文同序的原则，我们可以先关注文章的前几段。
What should we get for our kids this holiday? As children get older, giving them something they can experience instead of material things makes them happier,according to a new research led by Chaplin.
The research compared the level of happiness children get from material things with that from experiences. The results showed that children aged 3-12 get more happiness from material things than from experiences. However, older children get more happiness from experiences than from their possessions.
"It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things, like some might think," Chaplin says. She goes on to explain,"Don't get me wrong. Young children do love experiences. And given this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact,young children are excited throughout the experience. However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details of the events."
其中，题目spring在这里的意思是出现
也就是说，题目的原意是：卓别林认为，为什么主题公园如雨后春笋般涌现？
其中第三段因为有theme parks，所以可以直接锁定在这一段。
为了方便，我给大家单独列出来：
1.Why are theme parks springing up according to Chaplin?
A. They can offer children lasting happiness.
B.Events in them are centered on specific themes.
C. Children are interested in the events there.
D.Kids have an affection（喜爱） for the atmosphere they offer.
"It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things, like some might think," Chaplin says. She goes on to explain,"Don't get me wrong. Young children do love experiences. And given（考虑到） this concept, theme parks such as Disneyland are being built everywhere. In fact,young children are excited throughout the experience. However, for experiences to provide lasting happiness, children must be able to recall details of the events."
大家觉得该选什么呢？直接看到chaplin says答案呼之欲出。
"It means experiences are highly preferred by adolescents, not just expensive material things, like some might think," Chaplin says.这里卓别林认为孩子的快乐是游玩时的经历。
所以C正确。
其中them park主题公园；them主题，与subject同义。
last表示持续
have an affection喜爱
来，继续看下一道
2. The underlined word "fix" in Paragraph 4 can be replaced be
____________·
A.solution（解决）
B.arrangement（安排）
C.preparation（准备）
D. focus（焦点）
Long after they have unwrapped their Legos and stuffed animals, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can't see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a longtime. There's an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
其实，有很多人在做猜测词义时，会感到很棘手。我想这大多数情况是因为到了原词汇的干扰。在做这类题时，直接把这个词去掉，当成完型来做。
而完型的做法，就是结合上下文，给出词义。
先看上文：However, young children can't see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a longtime. 然而，年幼的孩子在经历结束后看不到或摸不到，这让他们在经历了很长一段时间后更难欣赏这些经历。
再看下后文："Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties," she said."她说：“拍摄家庭散步、雪地玩耍和生日派对的照片或视频。”
前面的句子由however开头，提出了问题，那么按照逻辑，下面就该解决问题。而下一段开始又立马说出了问题的解决方案。因此，这里的fix应该是solution（解决），因此选A。
由此可知，这种题表面上给了你参考词汇，实际上对你完全没有一点帮助，你就当没看见，然后当做完型来做就行了。
接着来看下一题：
3.Which of the following would Chaplin probably agree with?
A. Videos appeal to children more than gifts.
B.Legos and stuffed animals are not kid's cup of tea.
C. Older children value family time more than younger ones.
D. Physical reminders help remember past experiences better.
这一种题，是难度相对较大的多细节题，一般我们无法根据题干来定位，不过这也并不代表我们就完全没有方法，一般题干入手不了的，我们就看选项。
刚刚我们那些题看到了第四段，所以就顺着第四段往下看。
Long after they have unwrapped their Legos and stuffed animals, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can't see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a longtime. There's an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
"Take pictures or videos of family walks, playing in the snow, and birthday parties," she said."Children are likely to appreciate those experiences more if there is something to remind them of the event. Additionally, they'll be able to learn the social value of shared experiences."
Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts they received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
我们在“第五段”“第六段”可以找到题目关键信息videos和gifts（已用红色标出）
第五段看过后发现并没有对比（选项中有个more），因此来看第六段：
Children will remember and appreciate not only the birthday gifts they received, but also the time spent with family and friends as they recall the experience through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.
（小旅儿，这么长的句子我看都不想看，咋整？）
其实，对于这种长难句，一般情况下我们可以给它拆分成数个小句子，分成“主谓宾定状补”，当然这种做法非常考验你的语法能力，同时也能锻炼你的语法能力，不失为练习语法的好选择。
首先，我们可以将句子这样分：
Children（主语） will remember and appreciate（谓语）
孩子们将会记得和欣赏……
not only the birthday gifts
不仅是生日礼物
they received,
他们收到的
but also the time /spent with family and friends/非谓语动词做后置定语修饰time
还有和家人朋友度过的时间
as they recall the experience 当他们回忆那次经历
through concrete reminders such as photos and videos.通过具体的照片或视频
not only...but also 不仅……而且……
看，这样一来，长难的句子，现在基本上就顺口而出了。
孩子们不仅记得并重视生日礼物，而且还有他们和家人朋友一起度过的时间，当他们通过照片和视频这些具体的事物来回忆时。
而根据汉语逻辑，不仅而且表并列，并没有对比效果，因此A选项中Videos appeal to children more than gifts.中的“more”错误。
再来看B.Legos and stuffed animals are not kid's cup of tea.
cup of tea 心爱的人或物
B中的Legos首字母是大写字母，在文中很显眼，应该很容易找到。
看，就是这了！
Long after they have unwrapped their Legos and stuffed animals, there will still be a physical reminder to give them happiness. However, young children can't see or touch experiences after they are over, making it harder for them to appreciate experiences after a longtime. There's an easy fix, though, according to Chaplin.
从原文中give them happiness可知B选项错误
据需看C.Older children value family time more than younger ones.
年龄较大的孩子比年龄较小的孩子更重视家庭时间。
But with age, creating new memories and exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.
但随着年龄的增长，创造新的记忆和探索新的兴趣可能比获得财产更有价值。
经过对比可知，完全不着调，C选项错误
D选项呼之欲出。
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Experiences are better gifts for older children.对于大孩子，经历是更好的礼物
B. Social values should be put in the first place.社会价值应当放在第一位
C. New interests are most precious for children.新的兴趣对孩子来说最珍贵
D.Material possessiohs bring more happiness to children.物品给孩子带来更多快乐
What should we get for our kids this holiday? As children get older, givingthem something they can experience instead of material things makes themhappier according to a new research led by Chaplin.
Since memory is developed over time, it's likely that children, especially young ones, may not get as much happiness from past experiences as from possessions. But with age, creating new memorie sand exploring new interests may be far more valuable than getting possessions.
文章中多次出现experience，主要讲述的是经历的重要性，所以此题选A。
综上：英语的题目一般都是题文同续，用过一次后，再用就不好了。
接着来看下一篇文章：
People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
It seems that distracted(分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch,neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago.
Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. Forty-five volunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno. They were still given chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of 44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.
"If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster," Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto. So if that's the case, let's look at the opposite. What if you're distracted? If you're distracted, in theory, then you'd eat more."
Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste, which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety (饱腹感)center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full."If it is inhibited or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns," he said.
"People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day," said Hirsch,"By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus."
Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as taste and smell.Researchers say these sensory clues, in addition to inner body changes, mark satiety.
But when distracted, a person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full, or to the sensory characteristics of the food.
"Many studies have linked being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity," Hirschsaid. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing.
"If you want to lose weight, turn off the television or watch something boring," he said.
同样，先按之前的方法找出关键词句
①People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
新研究表明：看电视时人们吃的更多。节目越有趣，吃的越多。
②It seems that distracted (分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch,分心的大脑注意不到嘴在干嘛
③ Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption.
H探索了看电视时气味、味道和饮食行为的影响通过衡量薯条的消耗量。
④"If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster," Hirsch said in an interview
如果你关注食物的味道，你会吃的更少因为你会更快地感觉到饱。
⑤ Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste, which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
通过他的研究，H帮助人们克服了嗅觉和味觉的缺失。
⑥The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感) center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full.腹内侧核告知身体是饥还是饱。
⑦"People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day," said Hirsch,做意大利面的人最后并不想吃它。
⑧Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as caste and smell.志愿者被要求关注食物的味道和气味。
⑨But) when distracted, a person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full, or to the sensory characteristics of the food.
但当分心时，人既不关注身体的饱腹感，也不关注食物的特色。
⑩"Many studies have linked being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity," Hirsch sad. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing.但也许娱乐节目也有贡献。
①"If you want to lose weight, turn off the television or watch something boring,"he said.如果想减肥，关掉电视或看一些无聊的节目。
其中，be glued to do sth.的意思是全神贯注做某事。
了解了文章的大意后，现在就开始做题。
1.When Hirsch conducted the research, he____.
A. evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste
B. measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate
C.analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs
D.counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs
首先，根据题文同序的原则，重点看文章的前几段。
其次，按照刚才的方法，找到关键词以予定位。
首先，Hiesch是大写字母开头的专有名词， 可以快速找到文章第二段第三段：
It seems that distracted(分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch,neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago.
Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. Forty-five volunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno. They were still given chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of 44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.
最后，找到题干中的动词和名词：conducted the research 进行了研究
经过简单阅读，第二段是介绍Hirsch这个人的，第三段中的explore才是重点。
这段一共有三句：
第一句：Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. （讲述试验的结果）
第二句：Forty-five volunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno.
第三句：They were still given chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of 44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.（讲述试验过程）
该段具有明显的总分特征，先讲述的是试验的结果，再将试验的过程具体说出。
而题目当中问的是主人公进行研究时，他……
很明显，第一句最重要，因为第一句才是主旨。不管后面介绍的多么天花烂坠，都是作为主旨的摆盘菜。
因此，看似又臭又长的文章，现在已然变成了这样：
1.When Hirsch conducted the research, he____.
A. evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste
B. measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate
C.analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs
D.counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs
原文：Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption.
这一段话，基本上没有生词难词，也没有长难句，很容易就能翻译出来：
赫希通过测量薯片的消费量，探讨了看电视时嗅觉、味觉和饮食行为的影响。
因此，B选项正确（测量消费者消耗的薯片量）。
其中measure 测量；估量；措施；办法
另外：take action to do=take measures to do=take steps to do 采取措施做某事
count 数数；计算 +less译作数不尽的
接着来看下一题：
2. According to the research, when will you feel full faster?
A. When we are distracted.
B. When we focus on how the food tastes.
C.When we are watching entertaining programs.
D.When the brain doesn't know when it should stop eating.
这里没有数次和大写名词，那么我们就按照顺序找出名词和动词research和feel full faster；
再根据题文同序原则排除一二三段，直接从第四段开始找，可以很轻松地定位到第四段，因为第四段有个feel full faster
"If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster," Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto. So if that's the case, let's look at the opposite. What if you're distracted? If you're distracted, in theory, then you'd eat more."
然后If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster.
我想，我已经不必明确答案了，如果到这一步都不会，建议打回娘胎重修。
其中concentrate on 聚焦，全神贯住于
接着来看下一题：
3.Why does the author mention "People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day"?
A.It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhabited.
B.It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day.
C. It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don't like eating spaghetti.
D. It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.
依旧是按照题文同序的原则，从第五段往后看
Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste, which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety (饱腹感)center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full."If it is inhibited or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns," he said.
"People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day," said Hirsch,"By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus.
相信大家看到题干，很容易就能锁定到第七段：
3.Why does the author mention "People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day"?
A.It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhabited.
B.It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day.
C. It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don't like eating spaghetti.
D. It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.
"People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day," said Hirsch,"By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus.
这是不是很容易？
（哎不对不对，小旅儿，hypothalamus是什么意思？）
如果你不是个瞎子，问出这句话就真的不可饶恕了，因为：
The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety (饱腹感)center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full."If it is inhibited or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns," he said.
这段话的意思就是，人体的饥饿感除了在于你吃没吃饭，更多的是由下丘脑决定的（tells the body whether it is hungry or full，告诉你的身体是饱还是饿）
而问题是：为什么作者提到“整天煮意大利面条的人在一天结束时不想吃意大利面条”
那当然是因为我们的饥饿感是由下丘脑决定的，下丘脑可以告诉我们是饥还是饱（即答）。
所以，答案已经很明显了，D.It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.这表明气味在“告诉”下丘脑身体已经饱了。
ABC选项个人认为完全是赖于充数的，大家可以尝试翻译一下，记住千万不要在吃饭的时候翻译，真的完全不是人话。
其中trick 骗过；诡计
接着来看下一题：
4. What is the main purpose of the article?
A. To prove that being fat is linked to inactivity.
B. To reveal the relationship between different TV programs and eating behaviors.
C. To explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight.
D. To find how sensory characteristics of the food affects people's feelings of eating.
很明显，这是一道主旨大意题，问写这篇文章的目的。
而文章的主旨大意，一般都是“藏头露尾”的，因此，我们现从文章的头首抓起。
①People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
②"If you want to lose weight, turn off the television or watch something boring," he said.
首段表明：你看电视看得越多，看得节目越好，你就吃得越多。
尾段表明：你要想减肥，就不要在吃饭时看有趣的节目。
可以看出，本篇文章的主旨就是在讲电视对于人们饭量的影响，因此现将AD排除。
因为AD两个选项并未提到过电视节目。
现在就只剩下AC了。
而现在，我们刚刚对于文章主旨句的筛选，就终于起到用处了：
①People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
新研究表明：看电视时人们吃的更多。节目越有趣，吃的越多。
②It seems that distracted (分心的)brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch,分心的大脑注意不到嘴在干嘛
③ Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption.
H探索了看电视时气味、味道和饮食行为的影响通过衡量薯条的消耗量。
④"If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster," Hirsch said in an interview
如果你关注食物的味道，你会吃的更少因为你会更快地感觉到饱。
⑤ Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste, which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
通过他的研究，H帮助人们克服了嗅觉和味觉的缺失。
⑥The ventromedial nucleus(腹内侧核) in the hypothalamus(下丘脑), where the so-called satiety(饱腹感) center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full.腹内侧核告知身体是饥还是饱。
⑦"People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day," said Hirsch,做意大利面的人最后并不想吃它。
⑧Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as caste and smell.志愿者被要求关注食物的味道和气味。
⑨But) when distracted, a person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full, or to the sensory characteristics of the food.
但当分心时，人既不关注身体的饱腹感，也不关注食物的特色。
⑩"Many studies have linked being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity," Hirsch sad. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing.但也许娱乐节目也有贡献。
①"If you want to lose weight, turn off the television or watch something boring,"he said.如果想减肥，关掉电视或看一些无聊的节目。
可以看到，前半部分在说明现象，然后就在解释为什么会这样，最后再说出解决方案。
刚刚，我们根据捷径排除了AD两个选项，可接下来两个选项估计会让大家犯难。
B. To reveal the relationship between different TV programs and eating behaviors.
C. To explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight.
因为文章的确也说明了食量和电视节目的关系，所以B貌似正确。
但是通读全文，我们就会很容易的发现作者的目的不是在告诉我们这两之间的关系，而是有大半段都是在解释这种现象的原因，然后最后还提出了解决方案。因此，这篇文章更加侧重于“为什么”，而不是“是什么”。
其实，做这种题可以代入下自己，当你自己读到前面时，你便不由自主想要知道“为什么”，而当你有这种想法，并且后面刚刚好也跟着你的兴趣做出解答时，那么你在“为什么”和“是什么”之间就很好选择了。
因此，这道题选C。
那么关于阅读理解的内容，今天就先说道这里。可以看到，哪怕是我们最害怕的C篇和D篇，只要掌握住相应的解题方法，依旧能轻松解出。
（小旅儿，你是不是为了提高我们信息，故意找的一些简单的给我们做？）
当然不是！你们可以自己去看看，实际上这些题全是高考题，特别是有一道还是2022年的高考乙卷哦，怎么样？是不是感觉信心倍增了？
接下来，我们来看看另一盘大菜——七选五
实际上，从我个人角度来说，七选五的难度整体要小于阅读理解，小旅儿这边在做题时，一般错得最多的也是大家最头疼的C篇和D篇，七选五倒是很少错过，几乎都是十分拿满。因此我在这里顺带给大家也说一下。
话不多说，先上题：
As a teen, have you ever been called childish or "immature" by adults or older peers in your life?①.If you want your behavior to reflect maturity, start off with:
If you want to act in a mature fashion, you need to respect authority. No matter where you go home, school, or work—you will have to obey rules set by authority figures. ②, so comply with them.It's normal for teens to want to push back against authority sometimes. If you want to discuss rules with authority figures, argue your case in a respectful manner. That way, the adult is more likely to listen.
③.Follow through with commitments and take care of yourself and your responsibilities on your own as much as you can. If you do get in trouble for some reason, be honest and accept whatever consequences might follow. By holding yourself responsible for your own actions, you can show your maturity to your parents and others.
Improve your manners. Having good manners shows respect.④. Good manners cover a wide range of behaviors: saying "yes, sir/ ma'am", answering the phone with "hello", not interrupting others' conversations, chewing with your mouth closed, and holding the door for the person walking behind you.
Develop smart and healthy habits. A mature teen knows to say "no" to delinquent behaviors.Using alcohol and drugs, lying, stealing, fighting, acting recklessly, or destroying others' property will only get you into trouble or hurt. ⑤.And stay away from negative influences.
A.Be responsible
B.Manage your time wisely
C. In most cases, these rules are set to keep you and others safe
D. Proper behavior also helps adults see you as more mature
E.Instead, be drug-free,and wear your seat belt when driving a car
F. If you have, I'd bet you'd love nothing more than to prove them wrong
G.Become more mature by improving emotional responses and communication style
首先，做七选五，和阅读理解有一个相同的方法，便是先读主旨；
其次先做简单题
最后再做难题。
（感觉说了等于没说）
不管怎样，就按照这个步骤来，先划主旨
①As a teen, have you ever been called childish or "immature" by adults or older peers in your life? If you want your behavior to reflect maturity, start
off with:
你有没有被大人称为幼稚或者不成熟?如果想成熟，从...开始
②If you want to act in a mature fashion, you need to respect authority.
如果你想表现得成熟，你需要尊重权威
③ 3. Follow through with commitments and take care of yourself and your responsibilities on your own as much as you can.
坚持你的承诺，照顾好你自己和你的责任
④Improve your manners.
提升你的举止
⑤Develop smart and healthy habits.
养成明智和健康的习惯
其中peer同龄人；凝视；仔细看
mature成熟的，去e译作熟的，前缀im译作不熟的
fashion时尚；方式
in(a)....fashion以……方式
另外再给大家上一个干货，这里的每一个字，大家都得记住。
1.Instead前后必相反
2.人对人，物对物，单复对单复
3.前后同时态，过去或现在
4.the+n,前面必有这类名
5.主旨大意必复现
6.逗号半句配整句
7.判断逻辑找正反
8.数词前后要呼应
9.空后有例补高概
10.一问一答不分家
11.如下数字和建议
12.句式结构瞅一眼
这些话有什么用呢？事实胜于雄辩，直接看题便可：
1.As a teen, have you ever been called childish or "immature" by adults or older peers in your life?①.If you want your behavior to reflect maturity, start off with:
A.Be responsible
B.Manage your time wisely
C. In most cases, these rules are set to keep you and others safe
D. Proper behavior also helps adults see you as more mature
E.Instead, be drug-free,and wear your seat belt when driving a car
F. If you have, I'd bet you'd love nothing more than to prove them wrong
G.Become more mature by improving emotional responses and communication style
这一题的问号我为什么会特别标注呢？因为“一问一答不分家”
而前话的意思是：你有没有被大人称为幼稚或者不成熟?
根据一问一答不分家可知，这一空该填F选项，意思是：如果你有，我敢打赌你最喜欢的就是证明他们错了。
轻松搞定第一题。
If you want to act in a mature fashion, you need to respect authority. No matter where you go home, school, or work—you will have to obey rules set by authority figures. ②, so comply with them.It's normal for teens to want to push back against authority sometimes. If you want to discuss rules with authority figures, argue your case in a respectful manner. That way, the adult is more likely to listen.
第二问，既然看到我标了个大大的them，那一定是“人对人，物对物，单复对单复”
让我们看看选项：
A.Be responsible
B.Manage your time wisely
C. In most cases, these rules are set to keep you and others safe
D. Proper behavior also helps adults see you as more mature
E.Instead, be drug-free,and wear your seat belt when driving a car
G.Become more mature by improving emotional responses and communication style
首先现将代词和名词选出（红色标记部分），首先B选项排除，因为your是第二人称，与them不符。
comply站立 +with=遵守
根据so comply with them所以要去遵守，可知前句是在讲关于规则的好处。因此选C。
来看看下一题：
③.Follow through with commitments and take care of yourself and your responsibilities on your own as much as you can. If you do get in trouble for some reason, be honest and accept whatever consequences might follow. By holding yourself responsible for your own actions, you can show your maturity to your parents and others.
这一句话在段落开头，因此适用句式结构瞅一眼和主旨大意必复现。
首先，“句式结构瞅一眼”是什么意思呢？就是说这既然是文章段落的第一句话，那么我们可以先看看文章其他段落的第一句话，看看它是祈使句、小短句还是名词短语/动名词
可以看到文章其他段落第一句，都是非常短小的句子，因此直接锁定AB，
而段落第一句一般是中心句，后面的话一般都是围绕中心句表现的，因此主要看看后面是讲什么的。
我们会发现，这一段多次出现了responsible（责任），因此基本可以确定为A选项。
③.Follow through with commitments and take care of yourself and your responsibilities on your own as much as you can. If you do get in trouble for some reason, be honest and accept whatever consequences might follow. By holding yourself responsible for your own actions, you can show your maturity to your parents and others.
接着看下一题
Improve your manners. Having good manners shows respect.④. Good manners cover a wide range of behaviors: saying "yes, sir/ ma'am", answering the phone with "hello", not interrupting others' conversations, chewing with your mouth closed, and holding the door for the person walking behind you.
B.Manage your time wisely
C. In most cases, these rules are set to keep you and others safe
D. Proper behavior also helps adults see you as more mature
E.Instead, be drug-free,and wear your seat belt when driving a car
G.Become more mature by improving emotional responses and communication style
首先，先排除B，因为做完上一题我们可以知道，短小句是在句首，不是在句中。
这一题，依旧可以用主旨大意必复现来解决，而manner与behavior同义，都有行为；举止的意思。
因此此题选D。
继续看下一题：
Develop smart and healthy habits. A mature teen knows to say "no" to delinquent behaviors.Using alcohol and drugs, lying, stealing, fighting, acting recklessly, or destroying others' property will only get you into trouble or hurt. ⑤.And stay away from negative influences.
B.Manage your time wisely
E.Instead, be drug-free,and wear your seat belt when driving a car
G.Become more mature by improving emotional responses and communication style
首先，按照刚刚的方法，我们仍可以直接排除B选项。
根据前后句：Using alcohol and drugs, lying, stealing, fighting, acting recklessly, or destroying others' property will only get you into trouble or hurt.酗酒、吸毒、撒谎、偷窃、打架、鲁莽行事或破坏他人财产只会给你带来麻烦或伤害。
和And stay away from negative influences.远离负面影响。
可以看出前边的语句表示的是负面（就算不能完全翻译，看到steal、fight、destroy等熟悉的单词也能看出），后面的是正面。
也就是说，这里发生了一反一正的转折。
因此Instead前后必相反，此题选E，一道七选五阅读题，就这样被我们搞定了。
今天的内容主要就是给大家讲解了阅读理解中主旨大意题和细节理解题，以及七选五阅读题，希望大家下去能私下练练，尽可能保证考试时不丢分，加油，你一定行！
那么本期专栏就到这里了，我们下期专栏再见，各位拜拜！
