国家标准英文翻译英文版 GB/T 8897.1-2021 英文版 原电池 第1部分：总则

GBT 8897.1-2021 英文版/GB 8897.1-2021 英文版

1范围
GB/T 8897 的本部分规定了原电池的电化学体系、尺寸、命名法、极端结构、标志检验方法、性能安全和环境等方面的要求。
注:符合附录 A的电池方可进人或保留在 GB/T 8897《原电池》系列标准中制定本部分的目的,是为了确保不同制造商生产的电池具有标准化的形状、配合和功能,能互换
2规范性引用文件
下列文件中的条款通过 GB/T 8897 的本部分的引用而成为本部分的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件,其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本部分,然而,鼓励根据本部分达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本
部分。GB/T 6378(所有部分) 计量抽样检验程序(ISO 3951(所有部分))

GB/T 8897.2-2008 原电池 第2部分:外形尺寸和电性能要求(IEC 60086-2:2007,MOD)

GB/T8897.3 原电池 第3部分:手表电池(GB/T 8897.3 2006,IEC 60086-3:2004,MOD)

GB 8897.4-2008 原电池 第4 部分:电池的安全要求(IEC 60086-4:2007,IDT)

GB 8897.5--2006 原电池 第5部分:水液电解质电池的安全要求(GB 8897.5- 2006.IEC 60086-5:2005，MOD)
IEC 60410 计数抽样检验的设计和程序
IEC 61429 使用国际回收符号

ISO7000-1135 的蓄电池标志
ISO/IEC 指南 第1部分:技术工作程序

3术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本部分
3.1
应用检验 application test
模拟电池某种实际应用的检验
3.2
(原电池的)放电 discharge (of a primary battery)电池向外电路输出电流的过程。

4要求
4.1 通则
4.1.1 设计
原电池主要在民用市场上销售,近几年来,原电池在电化学性能和结构上更加完善,例如，提高了容量和放电能力，不断满足以电池作电源的新型用电器具技术发展的需求。
在设计原电池时，应该考虑上述需求,特别要注意电池尺寸的一致性和稳定性、电池的外形和电性能，同时确保电池在正常使用和可预见的误用条件下的安全性。
有关电器具设计的信息见附录 B。
4.1.2 电池尺寸
各型号电池的尺寸在GB/T 8897.2-2008 和GB/T 88973 中给出。4.1.3极端
极端应符合 GB/T 8897.2-2008 中第7章的规定。
极端的外形应设计成能确保电池在任何时候都能形成并保持良好的电接触。
极端应由具有适当导电性和抗腐蚀性的材料制成。
4.1.3.1抗接触压力
在GB/T 8897.2-2008 电池技术要求中提到的抗接触压力是指:

原电池的型号是根据原电池的外形尺寸参数、电化学体系以及必要时再加上修饰符来确定的型号体系(命名法)详见附录 (
4.1.5型号
4.1.6 标志
4.1.6.1 通则
除小电池外,每个电池上均应标明以下内容
a) 型号;
6)生产时间(年和月)和保质期，或建议的使用期的截止期限;
正负极端的极性(适用时);C)
d标称电压;
制造厂或供应商的名称和地址;C)

性能检验
5.1 通则
消费品性能测试标准方法(SMMP)的制定，参见附录G
5.2 放电检验
本部分中的放电检验分为两类:
--应用检验;
放电量检验。
两种检验的放电负荷电阻都应符合 6.4 的规定负荷电阻和检验条件按以下方法确定:

1 Scope


This part of GB/T 8897 is intended to standardize primary batteries with respect to electrochemical systems, dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects. As a primary battery classification tool, electrochemical systems are also standardized with respect to system letter, electrodes, electrolyte, nominal and maximum open circuit voltage.


This part is applicable to the batteries that meet the requirements of Annex A to ensure that batteries from different manufacturers are interchangeable according to standard form, fit and function.



2 Normative References



The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.


GB/T 8897.2-2021 Primary Batteries — Part 2: Physical and Electrical Specifications (IEC 60086-2:2015, MOD)

GB/T 8897.3-2021 Primary Batteries — Part 3: Watch Batteries (IEC 60086-3:2016, MOD)



3 Terms and Definitions



For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.



3.1

application test

simulation of the actual use of a battery in a specific application



3.2

battery

one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, with terminals, markings and protective devices etc., as necessary for use

Note: IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-01-04, modified]



3.3

button (cell or battery)

small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter

Note: In English, the term “button (cell or battery)” is only used for non-lithium batteries while the term “coin (cell or battery)” is used for lithium batteries only. In languages other than English, the terms “coin” and “button” are often used interchangeably, regardless of the electrochemical system.



3.4

cell

basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy

[IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-01-01]



3.5

closed-circuit voltage (CCV)

voltage across the terminals of a battery when it is on discharge

Note: IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-03-28, modified.



3.6

coin (cell or battery)

small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter



3.7

cylindrical (cell or battery)

round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter

Note: IEC 60050-482: 2004, definition 482-02-39, modified.



3.8

discharge of a primary battery

operation during which a battery delivers current to an external circuit



3.9

dry (primary) battery

primary battery in which the liquid electrolyte is essentially immobilized

Note: IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-04-14, modified.



3.10

effective internal resistance – DC method

the internal d.c. resistance of any electrochemical cell is defined by the following relation:





3.11

end-point voltage; EV

specified voltage of a battery at which the battery discharge is terminated

[IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-03-30]



3.12

leakage

unplanned escape of electrolyte, gas or other material from a cell or battery

[IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-02-32]



3.13

minimum average duration; MAD

minimum average time on discharge which is met by a sample of batteries

Note: The discharge test is carried out according to the specified methods or standards and designed to show conformity with the standard applicable to the battery types.



3.14

nominal voltage (of a primary battery)

Un

suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell, a battery or an electrochemical system

Note: IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-03-31, modified.



3.15

open-circuit voltage; OCV

voltage across the terminals of a cell or battery when it is off discharge



3.16

primary (cell or battery)

cell or battery that is not designed to be electrically recharged



3.17

round (cell or battery)

cell or battery with circular cross section



3.1 8

service output (of a primary battery)

service life, or capacity, or energy output of a battery under specified conditions of discharge



3.1 9

service output test

test designed to measure the service output of a battery

Note: A service output test may be prescribed, for example, when:

a) an application test is too complex to replicate;

b) the duration of an application test would make it impractical for routine testing purposes .



3.20

small battery

cell or battery fitting entirely within the limits of the truncated cylinder as defined in Figure 1

Dimensions in millimeters



Figure 1 Ingestion gauge (inner dimensions)



3.21

storage life

duration under specified conditions at the end of which a battery retains its ability to perform a specified service output

Note: IEC 60050-482:2004, definition 482-03-47, modified.



3.22

terminals (of a primary battery)

conductive parts of a battery that provide connection to an external circuit



3.23

explosion (battery explosion)

an instantaneous release wherein solid matter from any part of the battery is propelled to a distance greater than 25 cm away from the battery



4 Requirements



4.1 General



4.1.1 Design



When designing primary batteries, the aforementioned considerations shall be taken into account. Specifically, their dimensional conformity and stability, their physical and electrical performance and their safe operation under normal use and foreseeable mis-use conditions shall be assured.



Additional information on equipment design can be found in Annex B.



4.1.2 Battery dimensions



The dimensions for individual types of batteries are given in GB/T 8897.2-2021 and GB/T 8897.3-2021.



4.1.3 Terminals



4.1.3.1 General



Terminals shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of GB/T 8897.2-2021.



Their physical shape shall be designed in such a way that they ensure that the batteries make and maintain good electrical contact at all times.



They shall be made of materials that provide good electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion.



4.1.3.2 Contact pressure resistance



Where stated in the battery specification tables or the individual specification sheets in GB/T 8897.2-2021, the following applies a force of 10 N applied through a steel ball of 1 mm diameter at the centre of each contact area for a period of 10 s shall not cause any apparent deformation which might prevent satisfactory operation of the battery.



Note: See also GB/T 8897.3-2021 for exceptions.



4.1.3.3 Cap and base



This type of terminal is used for batteries which have their dimensions specified according to Figures 1 to 4, Figure 6 of GB/T 8897.2-2021 and which have the cylindrical side of the battery insulated from the terminals.



4.1.3.4 Cap and case



This type of terminal is used for batteries which have their dimensions specified according to Figures 7 and 8 of GB/T 8897.2-2021, but in which the cylindrical side of the battery forms part of the positive terminal.



 

4.1.3.5 Screw terminals



This contact consists of a threaded rod in combination with either a metal or insulated metal nut.



4.1.3.6 Flat contacts



These are essentially flat metal surfaces adapted to make electrical contact by suitable contact mechanisms bearing against them.



4.1.3.7 Flat or spiral springs



These contacts comprise flat metal strips or spirally wound wires which are in a form that provides pressure contact.



4.1.3.8 Plug-in-sockets



These are made up of a suitable assembly of metal contacts, mounted in an insulated housing or holding device and adapted to receive corresponding pins of a mating plug.



4.1.3.9 Snap fasteners



4.1.3.9.1 General



These contacts are composed of a combination comprising a stud (non-resilient) for the positive terminal and a socket (resilient) for the negative terminal.



They shall be of suitable metal so as to provide efficient electrical connection when joined to the corresponding parts of an external circuit.



4.1.3.9.2 Snap fastener



This type of terminal consists of a stud for the positive terminal and a socket for the negative terminal. These shall be made from nickel plated steel or other suitable material. They shall be designed to provide a secure physical and electrical connection, when fitted with similar corresponding parts for connection to an electrical circuit.



4.1.3.10 Wire



Wire leads may be single or multi-strand flexible insulated tinned copper. The positive terminal wire covering shall be red and the negative black.



 

4.1.3.11 Other spring contacts or clips



These contacts are generally used on batteries when the corresponding parts of the external circuit are not precisely known. They shall be of spring brass or of other material having similar properties.



4.1.4 Classification (electrochemical system)



Primary batteries are classified according to their electrochemical system.



Each system, with the exception of the zinc-ammonium chloride, zinc chloride-manganese dioxide system, has been allocated a letter denoting the particular system.



The electrochemical systems that have been standardized up to now are given in Table 1.



Table 1 Standardized electrochemical systems

Letter Negative electrode Electrolyte Positive electrode Nominal voltage, Un

V Maximum open circuit voltage

V

No letter Zinc (Zn) Ammonium chloride, Zinc chloride Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 1.5 1.73

A Zinc (Zn) Ammonium chloride, Zinc chloride Oxygen (O2) 1.4 1.55

B Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Carbon monofluoride (CF)x 3.0 3.7

C Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 3.0 3.7

E Lithium (Li) Non-aqueous inorganic Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) 3.6 3.9

F Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Iron disulfide (FeS2) 1.5 1.90

G Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Copper (II) oxide (CuO) 1.5 2.3

L Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 1.5 1.68

P Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Oxygen (O2) 1.4 1.59

S Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Silver oxide (Ag2O) 1.55 1.63

W Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 3.0 3.05

Y Lithium (Li) Non-aqueous inorganic Sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) 3.9 4.1

Z Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) 1.5 1.78

Note 1: The value of the nominal voltage is not verifiable; therefore it is only given as a reference.

Note 2: The maximum open-circuit voltage is measured as defined in 5.5 and 6.8.1.

Note 3: When referring to an electrochemical system, common protocol is to list negative electrode first, followed by positive electrode, i.e. lithium-iron disulfide.

4.1.5 Designation



The designation of primary batteries is based on their physical parameters, their electrochemical system as well as modifiers, if needed.



A comprehensive explanation of the designation system (nomenclature) can be found in Annex C.



4.1.6 Marking



4.1.6.1 General (see Table 2)