欢迎光临散文网 会员登陆 & 注册

零点的个数(2017课标Ⅰ导数)

2022-11-09 16:56 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2017课标Ⅰ,21)已知函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Da%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2x%7D%2B%5Cleft(%20a-2%20%5Cright)%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-x.

(1)讨论f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的单调性;

(2)若f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20有两个零点,求a的取值范围.

解:(1)求导,得

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%7D%20%26%3D2a%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2x%7D%2B%5Cleft(%20a-2%20%5Cright)%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-1%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cleft(%202%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5Ex-1%7D%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

1.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cleqslant%200%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

2.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3E0%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,得x%3D%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D.

(2)由(1)知:

1.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cleqslant%200%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20,最多只有一个零点,不合题意

2.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3E0%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow%20

%5Cleft(%20%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%5Cnearrow%20,所以

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmin%7D%7D%26%3Df%5Cleft(%20%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3Da%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%7D%2B%5Cleft(%20a-2%20%5Cright)%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%7D-%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cln%20a-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2B1%7D%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

g%5Cleft(%20a%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Cln%20%20a-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2B1

易知g%5Cleft(%20a%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

且注意到%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bg%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3D0%7D.

2.1.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cgeqslant%201%7D

g%5Cleft(%20a%20%5Cright)%20%5Cgeqslant%200,即f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmin%7D%5Cgeqslant%200

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20最多只有一个零点,不合题意

2.2.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%3Ca%3C1%7D

g%5Cleft(%20a%20%5Cright)%20%3C0,即f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmin%7D%3C0

又因为f%5Cleft(%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%20-%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7Ba%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7Ba%7D%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3E0

所以%5Cexists%20x_1%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20-%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20

%5Cexists%20x_2%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%20%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Ba%7D%2C%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7Ba%7D%20%5Cright)%20

使得f%5Cleft(%20x_1%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%20x_2%20%5Cright)%20%3D0符合题意.

综上所述:%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cin%20%5Cleft(%200%2C1%20%5Cright)%20%7D.

零点的个数(2017课标Ⅰ导数)的评论 (共 条)

分享到微博请遵守国家法律