你会如何翻译“要求”?
你会如何翻译“要求出示48小时以内核酸阴性证明?”
Request, require, demand, ask for?
(2023年年初)随着防疫政策的放宽,国内迎来了一波感染潮,越来越多国家宣布将对来自中国的旅客实施入境限制,例如要求出示48小时以内的核酸阴性证明。
“要求”一词最简单的说法就是上面罗列的require / request / demand / ask for sth from sb 或 require sb to do sth。也可以说impose sth on sb(强制要求)。这个句型是用国家作主语。
此外,也可以用旅客作主语。可以用被动语态:will be required to do,也可以用主动语态:must / will have to等。
大部分国家要求登机前提供48小时以内的核酸证明。“登机前”也有几种不同的表达方式,例如:
prior to / before boarding their flights(board可以做及物动词)
before they board (board也可以做不及物动词)。
有的也会说成“出发前”:before departure, before travel, before travelling。
也可以用pre-departure(“出发前的”)作定语来修饰核酸证明。
也有一些国家要求抵达该国后进行核酸检测,例如日本,这个时候就可以说 do sth upon arrival。
来看几个例子:
require sth from sb
The UK will require a pre-departure negative Covid-19 test from passengers from China as of Jan. 5.Japan will require a negative Covid-19 test upon arrival for travelers from mainland of China.
require sb to do sth
France will require travelers from China to provide a negative Covid test result less than 48 hours before departure
impose sth on sb
Morocco will impose a ban on (禁止入境)people arriving from China, whatever their nationality, from Jan. 3.The United States will impose mandatory Covid-19 tests on travelers from China beginning on Jan. 5.
上面这个例子中的impose mandatory sth也可以改写为mandatory的动词形式mandate,常见用法:mandate sth, mandate that
India has mandated a Covid-19 negative test report for travelers arriving from China, Japan, South Korea and Thailand.
旅客作主语
Air travelers to Canada from China must test negative for Covid-19 no more than two days before departure. Travelers from China to Australia will need to submit a negative COVID-19 test from Jan. 5.All those arriving in France from China must present a negative PCR test result that was taken less than 48 hours before their flight.
以上。
如果想要翻译的语言比较多样化,在选用句型的时候,可以先考虑主语 —— 源语言中的宾语在目标语言中是否可以以及是否有必要换作主语。然后根据主语确定谓语,动词的选用往往有很多可能性,细细研究起来还是很有意思的。

