多邻国世界语tips and notes ig/iĝ篇 (中英对照)

-ig and -iĝ

The -ig and -iĝ suffixes express a change of state. 

词缀 -ig 和-iĝ的意思是状态的改变 

-ig means to cause a change, while -iĝ means to experience a change, or change from one state to another:

-ig 的意思是引起改变，-iĝ 意思则是经历改变或者从一个状态变换到另一状态。

The above example show how the -ig and -iĝ suffixes can be used with adjectives.

上面的例子告诉我们-ig 和 –iĝ是怎么和形容词一起使用的

As you can see in the examples above, verbs ending in -ig always require an object, while those ending in -iĝ never do.

正如你所见的上述例子，以-ig结尾的动词通常需要一个宾语，而以-iĝ的动词却不用加宾语。

In grammatical terns, the -ig verbs are transitive, while the -iĝ verbs are intransitive.

用语法术语来说，-ig结尾的动词是及物动词，而以-iĝ的动词是不及物动词

Many verbs in English can be both transitive and intransitive, but this is not possible in Esperanto, in which verbs are normally either transitive or intransitive, but not both.

在英语里很多动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，但这在世界语里是不可能的，世界语动词要么是及物动词，要么就是不及物动词，不能一脚踏两船。

In English, we can say "The girl closed the window" and"The window closed" using the same verb, even thought the meaning is slightly different:

英语里，我们说“The girl closed the window（那个女孩关闭窗户）”和“The window closed（窗户关了）”尽管使用的是同一个动词，但是它们的意思是明显不同的：

in the first sentence the girl is acting on the window, while in the second the window became closed by itself.

第一句中，那个女孩把窗户关了，而第二句话是窗户它自己关了。（估计是被风吹什么的）

Examples of English words that can be both transitive and intransitive include "to open", "to close", "to start","to finish", "to change" and "to move".

例子中的英语动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。包括"to open"（开）, "to close"（关）, "to start"（开始）, "to finish"（完成）, "to change（改变）"还有"to move"（移动）.

These verbs in Esperanto--malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ŝangi, movi--are all transitive, and to make them intransitive you must add the suffix -iĝ:

这些世界语的动词：malfermi, fermi, komenci, fini, ŝangi,movi都是及物动词，要是想让他们变成不及物动词，你就要加上后缀 -iĝ:

Here are some example sentences using words from the two charts above:

下面的表格是上面两列表格中的单词的例子

It is also possible to add the -iĝ ending to intransitive verbs like sidi (to sit, be sitting) and kuŝi (to lie, be lying down).

像sidi（坐）和kuŝi（躺）一类的不及物动词上加后缀-iĝ 也是可以的

In this setting the addition of -iĝ indicates a change of position to achieve a new state:

这种方法表示一个状态的改变到新的状态

Li sidiĝis sur la sofo. 

He sat down on the sofa. (He "became sitting" on the sofa.) 

他坐在沙发上（他坐到沙发上）

La hundo kuŝiĝis sur la planko.

The dog lay down on the floor. (The dog "became lying" on the floor.)

那只狗躺在地板上（那只狗躺到地板上）

原文:http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs%3A-Ig-ig

封面:害怕 22版

另外，很感谢JECKETTRE先生指出贴吧译文中的错误