【种花家学·诗经】1国风-03邶风-19二子乘舟『附:理雅各英释版』
【阅前提醒】本篇专栏的外语原文部分出自苏格兰经学家理雅各所著的《The Chinese Classics》。理雅各先生出生于1815年（清嘉庆二十年），一生致力于中西方文化的交流，其最重要的成果就是详尽译释了种花家传统经典。由于理雅各先生的本职是传教士，因此其翻译工作带有浓烈的“译经为次，释经为要”的职业习惯（不少传教士译者都有这种习惯，例如传教士柯大卫翻译的《论语》也是注重释经），这种紧抓释经权的翻译模式至今仍是独一份。不过由于理雅各的译作卷帙浩繁，因此目前人们常常删去释经只取译文。但我感觉此书的释经部分才是精华，直接丢弃实在是有些买椟还珠了。因此就计划用业余时间对理雅各的译作原文进行整理上传。当然此书规模实在庞大，以我的业余精力和水平，只能是能整理多少算多少，能整理成什么样就什么样！
一、国风·邶风·二子乘舟PARTⅠ.BOOK Ⅲ.ODE XⅨ. Urh-tsze
〖一〗二子乘舟，汎汎其景。愿言思子，中心养养！
〖二〗二子乘舟，汎汎其逝。愿言思子，不瑕有害？
二、《邶风·二子乘舟》毛诗小序
二子乘舟，思伋壽也！衞宣公之二子，争相為死，國人傷而思之，作是詩也。
【理雅各译】The Urh tsze shing chow〖山注|| 此为“二子乘舟”音译，原文此处是以斜体标明，但B站专栏有罢搁，Ctrl+i 添加的斜体格式在发布时相关文字会被系统自动删除，不要问为什么我会知道这个连客服姬都不清楚的隐秘，我不想回忆。〗shows how the people thought of Keih and Show.Those two sons of duke Seuen contended which should die for the other.The people thought of them with sorrow,and made this ode.
三、理雅各韵体版诗译
（ⅰ）
The two youths went into their boats,
Whose shadow on the water floats.
What evil to them came？
Anxious and wondering,long we muse;
Our hearts are tossed with tossing views.
Some one must be to blame.
（ⅱ）
Into their boats the two youths passed,
And on the stream were carried fast.
What was there to alarm?
With longing thought we fain would trace,
The secret of their ill-starred race.
Did they not come to harm?
四、理雅各散体版诗译
（ⅰ）
The two youths got into their boats,
Whose shadows floated about [on the water].
I think longingly of them,
And my heart is tossed about in uncertainty.
（ⅱ）
The two youths got into their boats,
Which floated away [on the stream].
I think longingly of them;-
Did they not come to harm?
五、理雅各版释经
0、绪言
Narrative.SURMISES AS TO THE DEATH OF TWO SONS OF DUKE SEUEN.
0.1、韵版绪言
It has been stated,on Ode Ⅸ..how Seuen Keang and Soh had plotted to clear the way for Soh's succession to the State by getting rid of Keih-taze,the proper heir.At last the duke was prevailed on to send him on a mission to Ts'e,having arrauged that he should be waylaid by ruffians, after he landed on the northern bank of the Ho.Show became aware of the scheme, told Keih-tsze of it,and advised him to escape to another State.Keih-tsze declining to do this,the other took his boat,personated him,and was murdered by the ruffians.When Keih-tsze awoke,and found that Show was gone,he divined his object,took another boat,and followed him;crying out,as he drew near the ruffians,in language which must always recall to a western reader the words of Nisus,“Me,me!adsum qui feci;in me convertite ferrum.”It was too late.The ruffians,"that they might make no mistake,"murdered him also.The duke tried to conceal the facts,but the people here intimate their suspicions of the truth.
【山译】根据邶风第9篇《邶风·匏有苦叶》的内容可知本篇讲的是：宣姜与公子朔欲合谋除掉卫国的合法继承人伋子，以扫除公子朔继位的障碍。卫宣公被说动后，命伋子去执行一个任务，并派刺客于水上半途拦截杀害伋子。公子寿知道了这个阴谋后立刻告知兄长伋子，希望他赶紧逃离他国，但伋子拒绝并甘愿赴死，于是公子寿灌醉伋子，自己冒充伋子乘坐其船执行任务，果于半途被害。伋子苏醒，察觉公子寿可能是要代替自己去死，于是赶紧乘船追赶公子寿，当他见到刺客时，高声喊道：“我才是你们要杀的伋子”但已经太晚了，公子寿已经被杀，刺客为了弥补错误，立刻又击杀了伋子。卫宣公试图隐瞒真相，但卫人们并不傻，于是作此诗以表达怀疑。
0.2、散版绪言
See again the introductory note to ode 9.Seuen Keang and Soh,one of her sons,had long plotted to get rid of Keih-tsze,the duke's son by E Keang,to clear the way for Soh's succession to the State;and at last the duke was prevailed on to send him on a mission to Ts'e, having arranged beforehand that he should be waylaid by ruffians and murdered,soon after he landed on the northern bank of the Ho.Show,Seuen Keang's other son,became aware of this design,and as there was a close,brotherly,intimacy between him and Keih-tsze,he told him of it,and exhorted him to make his escape to another State.Keih-tsze being resolved to meet his fate rather than run away,the other made him drunk,took his boat,personated him,and was murdered by the ruffians;-thus endeavouring by the sacrifice of himself to save his brother.When Keih-tsze recovered from the effects of his intoxication,and found that Show was gone,he divined his object,and followed after him in another boat.It was too late.He approached the spot,crying out in language which must always recal to a western reader the words of Nisus,'Me,me!adsum qui feci;in me convertite ferrum.'But Show was already murdered,and the ruffians,'that they might make no mistake',put Keih-tsze to death also.The duke gave out that his sons had been killed by bandits,but the people had their suspicions,and they are supposed to have expressed them enigmatically in the two verses of this ode.
【山译】重看邶风第9篇《邶风·匏有苦叶》的注解，本篇讲的是：宣姜和其子朔欲杀死卫国的合法继承人，夷姜所生的伋子，从而为公子朔的继位扫除障碍。卫宣公被二人说服，于是命伋子执行任务，并提前派人于黄河北岸埋伏以杀掉伋子。而这个阴谋被宣姜的另一个儿子寿获悉，公子寿与伋子兄弟情深，于是公子寿将这个消息告诉了伋子并劝伋子赶紧逃往他国。但伋子拒绝了并打算慨然赴死，公子寿于是灌醉伋子后，自己冒充伋子乘坐伋子的船去执行任务，其想以牺牲自己为代价拯救他的兄长。等伋子苏醒后，立刻意识到发生了什么，于是赶忙坐船追赶，当他看到刺客后高声喊道：“我才是你们要杀的伋子”但已经太晚了，公子寿已经被杀，刺客为了弥补错误，立刻又击杀了伋子。卫宣公谎称伋子和公子寿是盗贼杀死的，但是卫人表示怀疑，于是通过这首诗表达质疑。
【山注】前情：卫庄公采用一文一武的模式重点培养卫桓公和卫州吁两个儿子，但庄公薨逝传位于桓公后，州吁极不甘心，于是弑兄篡权，篡夺了卫桓公之位。但此暴行引起了卫人的强烈不满，于是在卫国大臣石碏的带领下，卫人与陈国合作，斩杀了州吁，拨乱反正。此时卫庄公重点培养的两个儿子桓公、州吁全死了，卫人只能拥立好色无耻又无能的卫宣公，于是春秋史上最龌龊的君主就这样出现了。
【山注】提要：卫宣公好色无耻，其父庄公尚在时，就与庶母夷姜乱伦，生子伋子，卫宣公继位后立伋子为世子储君。伋子成人后，卫宣公为伋子向齐僖公求娶卫宣姜，但当婚车出发后，卫宣公得知卫宣姜比夷姜还漂亮，于是就偷梁换柱的将宣姜的婚车指引到自己的寝宫中，直接生米煮成熟饭，然后建新台以金屋藏娇。卫宣姜之后生公子寿和公子朔。其中公子寿品行高洁与伋子兄弟情深，而公子朔卑鄙无耻，一直觊觎卫君之位。而卫宣公做贼心虚一直担心伋子会报夺妻之仇，于是就生出了弑子之心，之后卫宣公和公子朔一拍即合。两人设计，命伋子出使齐国，但在行舟的半路上派刺客刺杀伋子。这个阴谋被公子寿查知，于是提前告诉伋子，让其先去国外躲一躲，但是伋子认为君要臣死臣不得不死，于是决定慨然赴死，而公子寿不忍伋子蒙难，于是灌醉伋子，冒充其出使齐国，于半路被杀害。伋子苏醒后，立刻明白了公子寿的想法，立刻驾船追赶，见到刺客后方知已晚，于是与弟同死。伋子与公子寿死后，卫宣公立公子朔为世子，后公子朔继位是为卫惠公。
【山注】后续：卫惠公虽然继位，但得国不正，于是卫人驱逐卫惠公改立伋子胞弟公子黔牟为君，卫惠公出奔齐，而此时齐国执政的乃是春秋历史上另一个好色无耻的君主齐襄公，齐襄公竟命卫宣姜改嫁新君公子黔牟的胞弟，也就是曾经宣姜的庶子昭伯，以维护齐卫关系，后宣姜与昭伯生齐子、戴公、文公、宋桓夫人与许穆夫人。等卫新君对齐国放松警惕时，齐襄公忽然出手驱逐公子黔牟，重复卫惠公之位。卫惠公生子卫懿公，卫懿公比卫惠公还不靠谱，直接导致卫国被戎狄所灭，后残余的卫人抛弃惠公懿公一脉，改为拥立伋子、黔牟、昭伯一脉，于是宣姜与昭伯所生的戴公、文公先后继位。后许穆夫人赋《载驰》请齐桓公出马再次封卫，卫国才得以重新复国。
【山录】《史记·卫康叔世家》——十八年，初，宣公爱夫人夷姜，夷姜生子伋jí，以为太子，而令右公子傅之。右公子为太子取齐女，未入室，而宣公见所欲为太子妇者好，说而自取之，更为太子取他女。宣公得齐女，生子寿、子朔，令左公子傅之。太子伋母死，宣公正夫人与朔共谗恶太子伋。宣公自以其夺太子妻也，心恶太子，欲废之。及闻其恶，大怒，乃使太子伋于齐而令盗遮界上杀之。与太子白旄，而告界盗见持白旄者杀之。且行，子朔之兄寿，太子异母弟也，知朔之恶太子而君欲杀之，乃谓太子曰：“界盗见太子白旄，即杀太子，太子可毋行。”太子曰：“逆父命求生，不可。”遂行。寿见太子不止，乃盗其白旄而先驰至界。界盗见其验，即杀之。寿已死，而太子伋又至，谓盗曰：“所当杀乃我也。”盗并杀太子伋，以报宣公。宣公乃以子朔为太子。十九年，宣公卒，太子朔立，是为惠公。
【山录】《左传·桓公十六年》——初，卫宣公烝于夷姜，生急子，属诸右公子。为之娶于齐，而美，公取之，生寿及朔，属寿于左公子。夷姜缢。宣姜与公子朔构急子。公使诸齐，使盗待诸莘，将杀之。寿子告之，使行。不可，曰：“弃父之命，恶用子矣！有无父之国则可也。”及行，饮以酒，寿子载其旌以先，盗杀之。急子至，曰：“我之求也。此何罪？请杀我乎！”又杀之。二公子故怨惠公。
【山录】《列女传·卫宣公姜》——宣姜者，齐侯之女，卫宣公之夫人也。初，宣公夫人夷姜生急子，以为太子，又娶于齐，曰宣姜，生寿及朔。夷姜既死，宣姜欲立寿，乃与寿弟朔谋构急子。公使急子之齐，宣姜乃阴使力士待之界上而杀之，曰：“有四马白旄至者，必要杀之。”寿闻之，以告太子曰：“太子其避之。”急子曰：“不可。夫弃父之命，则恶用子也！”寿度太子必行，乃与太子饮，夺之旄而行，盗杀之。急子醒，求旄不得，遽往追之，寿已死矣。急子痛寿为己死，乃谓盗曰：“所欲杀者乃我也，此何罪，请杀我。”盗又杀之。二子既死，朔遂立为太子，宣公薨，朔立是为惠公，竟终无后，乱及五世，至戴公而后宁。诗云：“乃如之人，德音无良。”此之谓也。颂曰：卫之宣姜，谋危太子，欲立子寿，阴设力士，寿乃俱死，卫果危殆，五世不宁，乱由姜起。
1、二子乘舟，汎汎其景。愿言思子，中心养养！
【韵译】The two youths went into their boats, / Whose shadow on the water floats. / What evil to them came？ / Anxious and wondering,long we muse; / Our hearts are tossed with tossing views. / Some one must be to blame.
【散译】The two youths got into their boats, / Whose shadows floated about [on the water]. / I think longingly of them, / And my heart is tossed about in uncertainty.
1.1、St.1.The 二子 are Show and Keih-tsze.
【山译】“二子”指的是卫宣公长子伋子和次子寿。
【山注】长子伋子也做急子，为卫宣公与其父庄公之妾夷姜乱伦所生，并且根据时间推算，卫宣公乱伦时，其父卫庄公尚在世。伋子出生后先被卫宣公立为卫国世子储君，但之后卫宣公扒灰原应嫁给伋子的儿媳卫宣姜，因担心伋子继位后反攻倒算，就做贼心虚的勾结三子卫惠公朔暗杀了伋子。
【山注】次子寿，为卫宣公扒灰原儿媳卫宣姜所生第一子，卫宣公担心长子伋子继位后会因夺妻之恨而反攻倒算，于是勾结其扒灰儿媳卫宣姜所生的第二子卫惠公朔，打算杀掉伋子后立寿为储君，不承想寿却欲代兄赴死，卫惠公朔遂趁机发动玄武门之变，斩杀长兄伋子和胞兄寿，一举成为卫国君主，是为卫惠公。
1.2、汎，see on Ⅰ.i.The repetition of the term sets the vessels vividly before us,floating on the water.The idea of 'floating about',without direction,which 汎 is said to express,does not apply,however to the 2d 1.of the next stanza.
【山译】“汎”的解释可参见邶风第1篇《邶风·柏舟》第1节“汎彼柏舟，亦汎其流。”下的注释。“汎”叠用为“汎汎”生动的描写出船只漂浮在水上的形态。这个漂浮是没有方向的随意漂浮，这一点与下一节中“汎”的意思不同。
【山注】“汎汎”漂浮貌，《广雅》：“汎汎，浮也。”
1.3、景is the old form of 影，'a shadow'.The 彡 was first added by Koh Hung (葛洪) of the Tsin dynasty.
【山译】“景”是“影”的原字，意思是“阴影”。“影”字的“彡”是晋朝葛洪第一次加上去的。
【山注】先秦之时并无“影”字；“影”原字是“景”。景者，光也！影因光而生，故古人将“景”引申出“影”之义！至东晋时葛洪作《字苑》，认为“景”字同时表光暗两义，实在不妥，于是就加“彡”表暗影，这一举措立刻得到了当时学术界的赞成，很快就有了“影”这个字。〖山录||《康熙字典》——凡隂景者，因光而生，故卽謂爲景。《淮南子．天文訓》呼爲景柱，《廣雅》晷柱挂景，是也。至晉世，葛洪《字苑》始加彡爲影，音於景反；而世閒輒治《尚書》、《周禮》、《莊》、《孟》从葛洪字，甚爲失矣。〗
【山注】此处理雅各使用的是孔疏之解，即“景”作“影”解〖山录|| 孔疏——汎汎然見其影之去往而不辨。〗。不过此处还有第二种观点，即“景”作“憬”解，表远行之义〖山录||《经义述闻》王引之——景读如憬……憬，远行貌。〗。
1.4、願言，-as in V.3,4;but the 則 there makes us look more for a substantive meaning in 願.In this and many other places 願言 appears to me to have no more meaning than 薄言.每，-'every time','whenever'.
【山译】“愿言”的解释可参见邶风第5篇《邶风·终风》第3/4节“愿言则嚏”“愿言则怀”中的注释。在那两节中由于句中“则”的存在，“愿”是一个名词。但在这里和其他更多时候，“愿言”对我们来说并不比“薄言”的意义更多（其实这一句up我也没有理解）。愿在此处是“每”的意思。
【山注】“愿”毛传解为“每”，孔疏进而解为“每有所言，思此二子，中心養養然不知所定。”不过《尔雅》训“每”为“虽”解，所以陈奂将此句解读为——虽曰思子，徒忧其心養養然也。
1.5、養養 is explained as 'the app.of sorrow and perplexity'.Choo says the characters are equivalent to 漾漾.Others would read 恙恙，and 洋洋.
【山译】“養養”被解释为“悲伤茫然的复杂样子”。朱熹认为这两个字相当于“漾漾”，其他版本也作“恙恙”和“洋洋”
【山注】理雅各文中的“app.”是“appearance”的缩写，作样貌解。
【山注】鲁诗此处写作“洋洋”，且“養”与“洋”都是“恙”的通假字，即忧思心神不定的样貌，《爾雅．釋詁》：恙，憂也。
【山注】“中心”是“心中”的意思。
2、二子乘舟，汎汎其逝。愿言思子，不瑕有害？
【韵译】Into their boats the two youths passed, / And on the stream were carried fast. / What was there to alarm? / With longing thought we fain would trace, / The secret of their ill-starred race. / Did they not come to harm?
【散译】The two youths got into their boats, / Which floated away [on the stream]. / I think longingly of them;- / Did they not come to harm?
2.1、St.2.逝=往，'to go','to proceed to'.
【山译】“逝”是“往”的意思，即去和继续的意思。
【山注】“逝”《說文》：往也。《增韻》：行也、去也。
2.2、不瑕有害，-see on XIV.3.The 害 indeed in that case is said of wrong,-what is injurious to the right;in this 'of harm',-what is injurious to the person.No better meaning,however,can be drawn out of the line.
【山译】“不瑕有害”的解释可参见邶风第14篇《泉水》第3节“遄臻于卫，不瑕有害？”下的注释。“害”的意思是错误，与“利”反义，即对利益的有害。我理雅各将其翻译成对人的伤害，没有比这个更合适的翻译了。
【山注】关于利害这对反义字可参见《增韻》：利，害之對。
【山注】对于“不瑕有害”王先谦的集疏注解为：“不瑕有害，言此行恐不无有害，疑虑之词。”
The rhymes are-in st..1,景*，養，cat.10:in2,逝，害，cat.15,t.3.
