osmosis
osmosis是一个英文单词,意思是渗透,指的是液体通过半透膜或多孔隔板的扩散现象。它的词源来自于拉丁化的osmose,是endosmose的缩写,意思是向内的液体通过多孔隔板的运动。endosmose来自于法语endo-(表示向内)和希腊语ōsmos(表示推力,推动),由ōthein(表示推,冲)派生而来。
它最早用于描述物理和化学上的渗透现象,
Water passes into the roots of a plant by osmosis.
水经渗透进入植物根部。
后来也用于比喻无意识或无形式的学习或吸收,即潜移默化。
She learned French by osmosis, just by living in Paris for a year.
她通过潜移默化学会了法语,只是在巴黎住了一年而已。
这个例句用osmosis比喻了一种无意识或无形式的学习或吸收的方式。
osmosis的近义词有diffusion, permeation, infiltration等,都表示液体或气体通过物质的运动或扩散。例句如下:
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential.
渗透是水分子从高水势区域向低水势区域穿过选择性透过膜的运动。
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
扩散是分子或原子从高浓度区域向低浓度区域的净运动。
Permeation is the process of a substance spreading through or penetrating into another substance.
渗透是一种物质在另一种物质中扩散或穿透的过程。
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
渗滤是地表水进入土壤的过程。