【可汗学院】最受欢迎的英语语法课 | 完整梳理英语语法体系（中英字幕）
indefinite pronouns
- both, neither, either
- usually treats
Nobody was home.
Everybody knows that I love onions.
Well， I’ll do it myself?
I heard it myself.
intensive nouns
- the blue bear
- Steven is connie's best friend.
- The enormous pie is not for sale!
a/an,the
elephants
definite/indefinite
a box/an apple
singular and plural
- the best friend
- add more details
- adjectives change stuff.
modify is nouns
adverbs modify verbs and adjectives.
when/where/why/while/whence
This is the cave where I grow up.
I learned to breathe fire when I was ten years old.
old white French house
dosa scomp
- determiner the/an
- opinion cool
- size big
- age old
- colour black
- origin Texan
- material leather
- purpose riding
- the thing mower
The exciting, on paralleled green dragon.
顺口溜：“美小圆旧黄，法国木书房”，顺序如下：
1、第一：观点形容词，如：pretty漂亮的、terroble可怕的、lovely可爱的、nice好的
2、第二：形状形容词，如：long长的、short短的、round圆的、narrow扁的
3、第三：年龄、时代形容词，如：old老的、new新的、young年轻的
4、第四：颜色形容词，如：green绿的、blue蓝的、orange橙色的
5、第五：国籍、地区形容词，如：American美国人的、Canadian加拿大的、German德国的
6、第六：材料形容词，如：plastic塑料的、metal金属的、aluminium铝的
D
O
S
A
C
M
P
You sold me a mushy, sticky apple! 并列形容词,就可以用，隔开。
You sold me mushy green apple! 属于不同类的形容词，就不用加，
comparative and superlative
- She is the happiest penguin.
- Cosar is less happy than R
How to form the comparative and superlative
sound rules that is one
- cute cuter cutest
- big bigger biggest
- short/sweet shorter/sweeter shortest/sweetest
- shiny, shinier shiniest
- magnificent a two and more more magnificent/ most magnificent
A really interesting topic.
The incredibly deadly viper.
The somewhat deadly viper.
The barely deadly viper.
very, how much
too/slightly/ somewhat/almost/hot tea
where/when/how things are
The box is under the hamster.
The box is over the hamster.
Before the hamster got the hat
The hat is for wearing at parties.
That is the hat of the hamster.
after
at
before
by
for
in
on
since
until
- The bats come out after the sun goes down.
- Can you take out the garbage before you leave the house?
- The Vampire wakes at 10 pm
- The place had better be clean by 3 pm.
- I've been a chef for forty years, in March.
- On the 4th of July, many Americans watch fireworks and eat encased meats.
- Since 1974, our company has made nothing but toasters.
- You have until midnight to rescue the Ambassador, break the curse, and save prince, Wilbur!
in space
- over
- inside
- at, a point
- by, near
- from, somewhere else to here
- in, an enclosed area
- off, away from a surface
- on, a surface
- out, away from an enclose
- to, direction
a closed group.
- about
- by
- for
- of
- with
compound prepositions
between, considers individuals
among, considers collectively
around, the mayor talked around the issue.
against,
within, There is a frog within the pond.
without, not with
inside in/with, what's inside her mind right now?
Beyond, far away, Beyond those mountains is T's Kingdom.
This strawberry's flavour is beyond anything I've ever had before.
- as nouns, adverbs, adjectives
- To steal the Queen's diamonds would be a terrible crime.
- I would enjoy exploring the cathedral of glass.
- The undiscovered country, from whose bourn-boundary no traveler returns.
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
sad but true
cake or death
- I do not eat buttons for they are not food.
after
although
as
as if
because
before
even if
even though
if
if only
like
rather than
since
that
though
unless
until
when
where
whereas
wherever
whether
which
while
correlative conjunctions
either/or
neither/nor
both/and
as/so
whether/or
. periods, standard ending for sentences
! exclamation point if someone is excited about what they're saying.
? question mark
The comma , separating sentence elements
- lists
- dates July 11,1981
- other separations Basically, everything is great.
How you punctuate a list with commas.
I'm going to go for a run, read a chapter of my book, and go see the new movie.
commas in correspondence
Dear prudence,
with love,
Bruce Ben
If you open a letter that's called the salutation which is another way to say hi,
and the way you end a letter is called a valediction. 告别词
Commas in space and time
separating parts of sentences.
Space : addresses
Nero, 452 35th st, New York,NY1001.
Time: dates
On Thursday, October 5th, 2010, I ate a cricket.
Commas and introductory elements
dependent & independent clause.
When you come in, please take off your shoes.
Please take off your shoes when you come in.
I rode an elephant, and then I ate a mango.
sentence adverbs
Initially, I was afraid.
Basically, you're the greatest.
Tag question，Direct address and yes-and-do commas
You like cheese, don't you?
yes, I would have some cheese.
Comma in dialogue
G said,"I have no idea where I put that moonstone."
"They're probably pirates," Roxane said.
The appositive?
My older sister, G, is going to college in the fall.
They stopped selling my favourite snack, the cookie cat.
The Oxford comma
I'd like to thank my parents, M and my pet hamster.
His favourite artists are Elvis, a tiny N harpist, and Frida Kahlo.
Meet the Apostrophe!
- short
I didn't eat the cookie.
2.possession- shows ownership
That's David's cursed
3.super /plural
Books
Contractions
- I will → I'll
- She would → She'd
- He is → He's
will not → won't
Apostrophes and Plurals
possession= owning something
The rabbit's carrot was delicious.
Alexander Hamilton's surfboard
That surfboard is his.
Possession for names or word's ending in s
The bus's air conditioning is broken.
the dog's bone
five dogs' bones
the dogs' favourite park.
men's women's mice's
The harpers' house
the Burnses' house
Choosing between it's and its
its is possessive pronoun.
contract something
it's， it is or it has
The History of the Apostrophe
I need to buy a textbook, a workbook, and a dictionary for Spanish; a calculator for match; and a map for geography.
one is to emphasise and
the other is to indicate that something is title.
- Emphasis
- Titling
Quotation marks
- dialogue
- for the title
Parenthese
- It can indicate remarks by the writer of a text
- specify a definition or a reference
- show interruption
- The cookie (which was still warm) was delicious.
- Paige says,"Oh, no, a tiger!"(Finch,Life and Times, p.38)
- "Furthermore(coughing), I must firmly state that… "
Dashes —— interrupt-y
1. interrupt structure
I ran to the bus stop——but the bus had already driven away.
2. can act like parentheses in pairs
The bug—which landed on my nose—had to be the size of a softball.
3. used like a colon
I have only ever wanted one thing—snacks.
4. indicates interruptions in speech.
Watch out for that—
Hyphens
yellow-green
Her hair was yellow—green were her eyes.
on line on-line online
Hyphenate for Clarity
I want to buy my coop form the co-op.
Ellipses
- indicates a pause in speech
Hello… Paige
"Words are…our most inexhaustible source of magic."
What is a Sentence?
The great big dog licked my face.
am/being
Pick up that muffin!
1. Declarative
- makes a statement
- a fact or a opinion
2.Interrogative
- asks a question
where did you go last night?
how is he still singing that note?
3.Imperative
- a command
Follow that bonny!
Remember to wash the dishes!
- Declarative—statements
- Interrogative—questions
- Imperative—orders
- Exclamation—An expression of strong emotion or volume.
- 98.简单句和复合句 句法 P98 - 01:01
Simple and compound sentences
I bought my friends some candy.
I visited the beach, and I got a really bad sunburn.
I visited the beach and got a really bad sunburn.
independent clause+dependent clause(s)
When we buy his birthday cake, we have to make sure it's lemon because it's his favourite.
Although our tent was zipped up, the sound of hyenas in the distance still frightened us.
compound- complex sentences
complex= 1 independent + dependent(s)
compound = independents
compound - complex = independents + dependent(s)
After the storm passed, I went outside, and I picked flowers because they are beautiful.
Identifying subjects and predicates
verb, bought
my best friend(noun)
with the blue shirt (adj. )
for twenty days (adv. )
The dogs bark.
