Lesson 5 The facts

·单词

editor n.    编辑

    ·editor of ...    ...的编辑

        ·the editor of the Washington Post    《华盛顿邮报》的编辑

        ·editors of newspapers and magazines    报刊杂志编辑

        ·chief editor = editor in chief    总编辑

    ·edit v.    编辑

        ·Janet edited books for a variety of publishers.    珍妮特为多家出版社编辑书籍

        ·Her original text has been heavily edited.    她的原文经过大量编辑

    ·edition n.    版本，版次；一集，一期

        ·a paperback/hard-cover/de luxe edition.    平装本/精装本/豪华本

        ·the first edition     第一版

        ·a revised edition    修订版

        ·in its sixth edition    第六版

    ·editorial adj.编辑的，主编的；社论的; n.    社论，社评；（报刊的）由编辑撰写的部分，非广告部分

        ·I'm responsible for the editorials.    我负责社论

        ·An editorial for the newspaper. lf l miss the midnight deadline, it won't be printed until next week.    报纸的社论。如果我错过了午夜的最后期限，要到下周才能打印出来

        ·Sure. If you give me the classified ads and editorial section.    确定。如果你把分类广告和社论版给我

extreme n.    极端

    ·go to extremes    走极端

        ·Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.     报纸和杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供不重要的事实和统计数字而走向极端

        ·This is a rare occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes.    这种情况很少发生，因为我们的气候很少出现极端情况

    ·from one extreme to the other    从一个极端到另一个极端

        ·In terms of healthy eating I go from one extreme to the other.    在健康饮食方面，我从一个极端走到另一个极端

            ·in terms of    就……而言

    ·between two extremes    在两个极端之间

        ·The public's views on genetic engineering seem to range between two extremes.    公众对基因工程的看法似乎介于两个极端之间

    ·extreme adj.    极端的，严重的；过分的，偏激的

        ·Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas.    许多农村地区仍然存在极端贫困

        ·It is necessary to use extreme care/caution with chemicals.    使用化学药品必须格外小心，谨慎

        ·Force is only justified in extreme circumstances.    只有在极端情况下，武力才是正当的

    ·extremely adv.    极度，非常

        ·be extremely difficult/important/useful/complicated/pleased/grateful ...    极其 困难/重要/有用/复杂/高兴/感激

        ·Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.    尽管用金钱来衡量物质产品的价值是可能的，但要估计人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值却是极其困难的

        ·But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble.    但我对自己非常满意。我已经找到了麻烦的原因

statistics n.    统计数字

journalist n.    新闻记者

    ·reporter n.    记者，通讯员

    ·columnist n.    专栏作家

    ·correspondent n.    （尤指从某一国家发回专题报道的，或专门写某个题材的）记者

        ·our Middle East correspondent    我们的中东通讯员

        ·Our correspondent in South Africa sent this report.    本台驻南非记者发回报道

        ·a war/sports/education/political correspondent    战地/体育/教育/政治 记者

    ·journalism n.    新闻业，新闻工作；报刊杂志，新闻报道 (不可数)

        ·a career in journalism    从事新闻工作

        ·I plan to study journalism at college.    我计划在大学里学习新闻学

president n.    总统

palace n.    王宫;宏伟的住宅

publish v.    出版

    ·This book is published by Oxford University Press.    这本书由牛津大学出版社出版

    ·publisher n.    出版者，出版商；发行人

    ·publishing n.    出版；出版业 (不可数)

        ·She chose publishing as a career.    她选择出版作为职业

    ·the press    报刊（总称）；新闻界

        ·the freedom of the press    新闻自由

            ·In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned.    在民主国家，任何限制新闻自由的努力都理所当然地受到谴责

    ·issue v.    发表，正式发行 (指邮票，股票，证券发行)

        ·A new series of stamps will be issued to commemorate the event.    一套新的邮票将被发布去纪念这次事件

    ·go to press    送到印刷厂印刷：将某物送到印刷厂进行印刷

        ·Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.    与此同时，编辑开始不耐烦了，因为杂志马上就要付印了

    ·pirate adj.    盗版的；v.    盗印；n.    盗版者，侵犯专利权者

        ·pirated CDs / books / software    盗版 cd/书籍/软件

fax n.    传真

impatient adj.    不耐烦的

    ·become/get/grow impatient (with sb. / sth.)    (对某人/某事物) 变得不耐烦了

        ·Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.    与此同时，编辑开始不耐烦了，因为杂志马上就要付印了

        ·We are growing impatient with the lack of results.    我们对缺乏结果越来越不耐烦了

    ·be impatient to do sth.    迫不及待地想做某事

        ·Many graduates are impatient to become managers.    许多毕业生急于成为管理者

        ·She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on.

    ·be eager/anxious/itching/dying/desperate to do ...    急切/焦急/痒痒的/急死了/不顾一切 做

    ·can't wait to do ...    迫不及待地想做某事：表示非常期待或渴望做某事，无法等待

    ·impatience n.    不耐烦，无耐心；热切，急切        patience n.    耐心；耐性        patient adj.    能忍耐的，有耐心的

fire v.    解雇

    ·fire/dismiss sb. from ...    开除/解雇 某人 …

        ·I've just been fired from my job, and l don't know what to do.    我刚刚被解雇了，我不知道该怎么办

        ·She claims she was uniairly dismissed from her post.    她声称自己被不公平地解雇了

        ·The poor girl was dismissed instantly.    这个可怜的女孩立刻被解雇了

    ·lose one's job    失去工作

        ·Many people won't complain about pay and conditions because they're terrified of losing their jobs.    许多人不会抱怨工资和工作条件，因为他们害怕失去工作

    ·lay off    解雇（员工）；裁员

        ·Millions of people have been laid off in the steel industry.    钢铁行业已经有数以百万计的人被解雇

    ·laid-off workers    被解雇的工人

    ·suspend v.    使暂时停职

        ·The two police officers have been suspended until an enquiry is carried out.    在进行调查之前，这两名警察已被停职

    ·depose vt.    免职；作证；废黜 (优指国王)

        ·King Charles I was deposed from the English throne in 1646.    1646年，英国国王查理一世被废黜

originally adv.    起初,原先，从前    in the beginning, before other things happened or before things changed

    ·The building was originally used as a prison.    这座建筑最初是用作监狱的

    ·His novels were originally published in serial form ina magazine.    他的小说最初以连载的形式发表在杂志上

    ·The seninar originally scheduled for today has been cancelled.    原定今天举行的研讨会取消了

    ·at the beginning/start    在开始时

        ·She was nervous at the beginning but she settled down as she got further into her speech.    她开始时很紧张，但随着演讲的深入，她平静下来了

    ·at first/initially    最初

        ·They offered her the job, initially on a temporary basis but later as a full member of the staff.    他们给了她这份工作，起初是临时的，后来成为正式员工

    ·to start with adv.    首先；作为开始/to begin with 首先，开始时

        ·Even children who are healthy to begin with wouldn't survive long in these terrible conditions.    即使是原本健康的孩子在这种恶劣的环境下也活不了多久

    ·origin n.    起源，起因

        ·All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things.    在我看来，这一切似乎把他们与生命和万物的起源联系在一起

        ·We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start.    根据那些研究生命起源的人的工作，我们必须得出这样的结论:如果有一颗行星与我们的地球大致相似，那么几乎肯定会产生生命

    ·original adj.    起初的，原先的；新颖的；有独到见解的

        ·the original meaning of the word        这个词的原意

        ·a highly original design    高度原创的设计

    ·originality n.    独创性，创意

        ·A lot of his designs lack originality.    他的许多设计缺乏独创性

        ·a young writer of great originality    极具独创性的年轻作家

·本课句型

    Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

    The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.

    Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.

    ·go to extremes to do sth. 过分地……，在某方面走极端

        ·造句:女孩子常常在减肥方面走极端。

            ·girls often go to extremes to lose weight.

        ·造句:有些父母常常过分地满足孩子的需要。

            ·some parents often go to extremes to satisfy the needs of their children.

        ·造句:阿尔弗雷德·布洛格斯过分地追求(seek) 成为白领工人的特权。

            ·Alfred Bloggs went to extremes to seek the privilege of becoming a white-collar worker.

    ·provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.    为某人提供某物 (哪个长把那个放后面)

        ·If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.    如果你不需要乡村那一点田园生活的乐趣，你会发现城市可以为你提供生活中最美好的东西

        ·Colleges provide accommodation for all first-year oadergraduate students.    学院为所有一年级本科生提供住宿

    ·类似地表达

        ·offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.    给某人提供某物 (哪个长把那个放后面)

            ·They offered him a very good job, but he turned it down.    他们给了他一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了

            ·The drama school offers places to students who can show talent.

    ·unimportant 可替换为：trivial; trifling; insignificant

    ·facts and statistics 那个单词长那个单词放后面

        ·fruit and vegetables    fruit 水果除非表示种类，否则为不可数的

        ·fur and feather/birds and beasts    飞禽走兽

        ·bed and board/food and shelter    食宿

        ·food, shelter, clothing and transportation    衣食住行

    ·模仿造句：某些网站常常过份地给访问者提供令人眼花缭乱的大量的信息

        ·some wbesites often go to extermes to provide their visitors with bewildering amount of information.

Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic. 

    ·instruct sb. in sth.    教某人某方面的知识

        ·l instruct a class in history.    我教一个历史课        instructor n.    教练，导师

        ·instruct/direct sb. to do    命令，指派某人去做某事 (客观的，正式地场合，详细的说明行动的步骤)

            ·I have been instructed by the company to offer you a refund.    公司指示我给你退款

        ·order sb. to do    命令某人做某事 (用在有权力权威的人发号施令)

            ·The policeman ordered the motorist to stop.    警察命令司机停车

        ·command sb. to do    命令某人做某事 (多用在军队中)

            ·The officer commanded his men to open fire.    军官命令他的士兵开火

    ·had been instructed by    英语中用被动语态强调主题，本文的主题是这个 journalist 新闻工作者，所以用被动

    ·article on/about sth. (by sb.)    (由谁写的) 关于 ... 的文章

        ·an article on / about education by Mr. Smith    史密斯先生写的一篇关于教育的文章

When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.

    ·arrive 和 come 常表示到达

        ·The card arrived on my birthday.    贺卡是在我生日那天收到的

        ·A letter came for you this morning.    今天早上有一封信给你

        ·模仿造句：当Jane收到信时，读完第一句话就哭了。

            ·When the latter came/arrived, Jane read the first sentence and then cried.

The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' 

    ·dozens of/scores of/hundreds of/thousands of/millions of + 复数名词    数十个/数十个/数百个/数千个/数百万个

    ·tens of thousands of/ hundreds of thousands of + 复数名词    数以万计的/数十万的

    ·thousands upon thousands of + 复数名词    成千上万的

    ·lead to ...    到达，导致

        ·All roads lead to Rome.    条条大路通罗马

        ·The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.    这条小路通向一个坐落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄

        ·This led to yet another angry argument.    这又导致了一场愤怒的争论

    ·surround v.    围绕，环绕；包围

        ·Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.    不用说，我们的房子现在被丛林包围了

        ·Looking up i saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate.    我抬头一看，发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的孩子包围着，他们在我们吃饭时默默地看着我们

        ·surrounding adj.    周围的，附近的

            ·Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.    冬天来了，这些小山对周围的村庄构成了毁灭的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，还会引起严重的洪水

The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

    ·send sb. a fax/a letter/an email/a card    给某人发 传真/一封信/电子邮件/卡片

    ·get/receive a fax/aletter/an email/a card from ...    收到来自 … 的 传真/信件/电子邮件/卡片

    ·instructing 动名词作后置定语    

    ·find out：get information 得到信息        find：找到具体的东西

        ·She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.    她想知道这件衣服穿起来是否舒服

        ·One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.    一天晚上，狱卒决定和他的同事开个玩笑，看看他表演了这么多次后，是否已经把信的内容背熟了

        ·He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out.    他到处找不到他的五十便士的硬币，而且他的胳膊也伸不出来

    ·模仿造句:这位经理立刻给他的秘书发了一封email，要求她了解一下即将出席会议的确切人数。

        ·The manager at once sent his secretary a email instruction her to find out the exact number of people who will attend the meeting.

The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. 

    ·immediately = at once

    ·set out: to start a journey, especially a long journey    开始旅行开始旅行，尤指长途旅行

        ·Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.    这两艘船都于1872年6月18日从上海出发，开始了一场前往英国的激动人心的比赛

        ·Four days after setting out, while theTitanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge icederg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.    起航四天后，当泰坦尼克号航行在北大西洋冰冷的海面上时，一位瞭望员突然发现了一座巨大的冰山

    ·set out to do sth.：begin a job, task, etc with a particular aim or goa!    带着特定的目标开始一项工作、任务等

        ·Dimitri at once set out to find the thief.    迪米特里立刻出发去找小偷

        ·True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves.    真正古怪的人从不刻意引人注意

    ·事物/人 作主语 + took + 时间    某 事物/人 花费了多长时间

        ·I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than l expected.    我最近去远足了，但是这次旅行花的时间比我预计的要长

        ·Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.    即使你在理想的天气里旅行，海上旅行也要花很长时间

        ·It took me over half ar hour to get rid of him.    我花了半个多小时才摆脱他

        ·I took just ten minutes to solve that problem.    我只用了十分钟就解决了那个问题

        ·He always takes so long to eat his breakfast.    他总是花很长时间吃早餐

        ·而 spend ... on sth./(in) doing sth. 主语必须是人

            ·I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning i would keep my mind fresh for reading when i got home from work.    我辩解说，如果我早上少花些时间锻炼，下班回家后就能保持精神抖擞地读书

            ·One, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whele thing in the Scottish Highlands.

    ·模仿造句:这位秘书立刻着手核实(verify)这些重要的事实，但是她花了很长时间才完成。

        ·The secretary immediately set out to verify these important facts, but she took a long time to finish it.

Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.

    ·Meanwhile = at the same time = (in the) meantime

        ·I continued working. Meantime, he went out shopping.    我继续工作。与此同时，他出去购物了

        ·It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry-driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken botties.    警察花了将近一个小时才使交通恢复正常。与此同时，卡车司机不得不清理数百个破碎的瓶子

He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. 

    ·one more = another

    ·two more = another two

        ·In another two weoks it'll be finished.    再过两个星期就完成了

        ·In two more weeks t'll be finished.    再过两个星期就完成了

He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.

    ·yet/still one more/another/bigger    放在这几个词和比较级之前进一步加强语气

        ·This led to yet another angry argument.    这又引发了一场愤怒的争论

        ·yet/still one more example    还有一个例子

        ·He's given us yet/still more work to do.    他给了我们更多的工作要做

        ·Inflation had risen to a yet/still higher level.    通货膨胀已上升到更高的水平

        ·Well, what that boils down to is yet another delay in our schedule.    那就意味着我们的计划又要推迟了

    ·inform sb. of sth.

    ·inform sb. that ...    that 引导的从句不用在借此后

        ·in that ...    but/except that ...    两个例外情况，符合连词
    ·模仿造句: 绑匪(kidnapper) 又寄了一封匿名信 (anonymous letter)，通知老太太如果她报警，她就再也看不到她儿子了。

        ·Kidnapper sent yet another anonymous letter informing the old lady that if he called the police she would never see her son again.

When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. 

    ·reluctantly = unwillingly    不情愿地

        ·I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room.    我不喜欢这个主意，我不情愿地跟着罗伯特走出了房间

        ·The country was drawn unwillingly into the war.    这个国家不情愿地卷入了战争

    ·造句:当再一次未能得到签证 (visa) 时，我们不情愿地按照原计划在国内旅行(go on a domestic journey)。

    ·When we again failed to get visas, we reluctantly went on a domestic journey as it had originally been planned.

A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 

    ·not only ... but ... as well    

    ·not only ... but ...

    ·not only ... but also ...

        ·This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.    这种爱好不仅能使人在所选的学科上得到教育，而且能使人在与之有关的一般事物上得到教育

        ·At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water-tighk compartments.    然而，在当时，它不仅是有史以来建造的最大的船，而且被认为是永不沉没的，因为它有16个不透水的舱室

        ·These days, advertisers not only offer free samples but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well.    如今，广告商不仅提供免费样品，还提供免费汽车、免费房屋和免费环球旅行

    ·not 引起部分导致，把 had 前提，叫部分倒装

    ·部分倒装：只把助动词，be动词(之前没有其他助动词)或情态动词置于主语之前。

        ·1、否定词位于句首(如:not only, not until, neither, nor, never, hardly, barely, scarcely, few, little, rarely, seldom, under no circumstances, in no way, ... ) 。

            ·Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.    这座城市也不是没有美丽的时刻

            ·Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.    当火车在几英里外的一个小站威德利停了下来时，我也不感到惊讶

            ·Never have I seen such a good movie.    我从来没有看过这么好的电影

            ·Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.

            ·Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.

        ·2.“only + 状语” 位于句首。加普通状语翻译为 “只有 ... 才”，加时间状语翻译为 “直到 ... 才”

            ·Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.    直到那时他才意识到自己错了

            ·Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything    只有努力工作，我们才能成功做任何事情

            ·Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother will it learn how to swim.    只有当小海豹被它的妈妈推进海里后，它才会学会游泳

            ·Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

        ·3、such, so, well, often, many a time 等表示程度、频率的副词位于句首。

            ·Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.    这是人之常情，许多人往往愿意牺牲较高的工资来换取成为白领的特权

            ·So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour.    我们为自己做事的热情是如此之大，以至于我们越来越不依赖专业劳动力

            ·Well did I know him and well did he know me.    我很了解他，他也很了解我

            ·often did it snow thero.    那里经常下雪

            ·Many a time has he given me good advice.    他多次给我提出好建议

            ·造句练习:你不但吓了我一跳，而且可能把村子里所有人都吵醒了。

                ·Not only did you give me a surprise, but you've probably woken uo everyone in the village as well.

            ·造句练习: 不但有几个人抱怨说在夜里听见了“像猫一样的噪音”，而且一位钓鱼途中的商人还看见那只美洲狮在树上。

                ·Not only did several people complain of 'cat-like noise' at night, but a businessman on the fishing trip saw the puma up a tree as well.

However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.

    ·in which 定语从句修饰 fax

    ·状语从句的省略：

        ·状语从句中如果满足以下两个条件:

        ·1.状语从句的主语与主句主语一致。

        ·2.状语从句的谓语包含be动词。

        ·则可同时省略状语从句的主语和其后的be动词。

        ·Metals expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled.    金属受热膨胀，受冷收缩

            ·省略后：-》Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.

        ·Francis Preston Blair Jr., although he was born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.    小弗朗西斯·普雷斯顿·布莱尔虽然出生在肯塔基州，但在密苏里州生活和工作

            ·省略后：-》Francis Preston Blair Jr., although born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.

            ·本文原句：However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while (he had been) counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.

    ·模仿造句：来自于伦敦动物园的专家最终打了一个电话，在电话中他通知动物园说，这只美洲狮在正从一座古庙逃跑的时候被抓住了，这座古庙位于距离伦敦几乎有一百英里远的一座200米高的小山上。

        ·The expert from London Zoo had at last made a telephone call in which he informed the zoo that the puma had been caught while escaping from an ancient temple standing on a 200-meter hill which was almost 100 miles from London.