英语语法: 省略句

一. 并列句中的省略
在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略。
省略主语:当并列的成分是由同一个主语发出的动作时,并列连接词后面的部分可以省略主语
She came forward and (she) shook hands with me.
她走上前并和我握手。
省略谓语:当连接词前后两个分句中的谓语动作相同时,后一分句中的谓语部分可以省略
例如:
I’d love to come but I can’t ( come).
我倒是想来,但不能。
省略其他成分
例如:
The boy wanted to bring his chest to the shopping center alone, but his mother told him not to( bring his chest to the shopping center alone.)
这个男孩想独自带着他的箱子去购物中心,但是他妈妈不让他带。
二. 状语从句中的省略
如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1.when,while引导的时间状语从句
例如:Be confident of success when (you are) running the company.
2.if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句
例如:
If (it is) properly educated, child will become confident.
Once (you are) caught cheating in an exam, you will be punished.
3.though,although,whether,no matter when/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
例如:
He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
4.as if,as though引导的方式状语从句
例如:
He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
5.than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略
当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的谓语,只保留比较部分。
例如:
He is taller than his brother (is).
三. 定语从句中的省略用法
关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略。
The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
四. 虚拟语气中if及should的省略
当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
完整的句子: If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
省略的句子:Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
五. 不定式符号to的省略
感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。
1.Please let me(to) go there.
2.I saw you (to)enter the door.