拉康派临床精神分析导论翻译——Bruce Fink
Perversion and Jouissance 倒错与原乐
对待原乐的态度，神经症跟倒错有什么不同？
神经症说：让大他者不能在我身上享乐吧。
倒错说：让大他者以我为享乐吧。
We have seen that perversion differs from neurosis and psychosis in important ways. Whereas the psychotic may suffer from what is experienced as an invasion of jouissance in his or her body, and the neurotic attempts above all to avoid jouissance (maintaining an unsatisfied or impossible desire), the pervert gets off on the very attempt to draw limits to his jouissance. Whereas in psychosis the Other does not exist (since its principal anchoring point, the Name-of-the-Father, is not instated), and in neurosis the Other exists only too ponderously (the neurotic wishing to get the Other off his or her back), in perversion the Other must be made to exist: the pervert has to stage the Other's existence by propping up the Other's desire or will with his own.
倒错Perversion与神经症Neurotics和精神病Psychosis在重要方面有所不同。精神病Psychosis可能会遭受原乐侵入他/她身体的体验，而神经症Neurotics首先试图避免原乐(维持一个未被满足或不可能的欲望)，而倒错Perversion则通过给原乐加上限制来获得快感。然而在精神病Psychosis中他者并不存在(因为它的主要锚定点，父之名，并没有被确立)，而在神经症Neurotics中大他者只是过于沉重地存在(神经病患者希望把大他者从他/她的背上弄走)，在倒错中他者必须存在:倒错必须通过用自己的欲望或意志支撑大他者的欲望或意志来呈现大他者的存在。
符号大他者
精神病：是缺失的，因此不存在（除权，forclosure）
神经症：无法根除地存在着 （压抑，repression）
倒错：必须让其存在（否认，disavowal）
The pervert and the psychotic engage in an attempt to supplement the paternal function that brings the symbolic Other into existence—the pervert by staging or enacting the enunciation of the law, the psychotic by fomenting a delusional metaphor. Even certain phobias, in which a phobic object is put in the place of the Name-of-the-Father, involve a form of supplementation of the paternal function. Nevertheless, the psychotic’s supplementation aims at alienation, while the pervert's and phobic's aims at separation.
倒错和精神病试图补充父之名的功能，以使得符号大他者存在——倒错通过使律法发生，精神病通过煽动起一种幻觉式的隐喻。甚至是特定的恐惧症，恐惧症的物体被放在父之名的位置上，作为一种父之名功能的补充。然而，精神病的补充朝向异化alienation，而倒错和恐惧症的补充朝向分离separation。
Let us turn now to the mOther, the imaginary or real mother. In psychosis she is never barred by the Name-of-the-Father, and the psychotic never emerges from her as a separate subject; in neurosis she is effectively barred by the Name-of-the-Father, and the neurotic does emerge as a separate subject; in perversion the Other must be made to exist so that the mOther can be barred and the pervert can emerge as something other than an imaginary object of her desire.
现在我们看向母系大他者，想象的或者是真实的母亲。精神病的母亲是没有被父之名划杠的，并且精神病从没有从母亲中以主体的形式独立出来；神经症的母亲是被父之名强力划杠的，神经症是以独立主体的形式出现的；倒错的母亲被必须要求存在，以此母性大他者才能被划杠，并且倒错才能以某种不是母亲欲望的想象性客体的方式存在。
Psychosis means there has been no effective prohibition of the child's jouissance in its relationship with its mother—that is, no inscription of the father's "No!"—due either to the father's absence or failure to impose himself as symbolic father, on the one hand, or to the child's refusal to accept that prohibition, on the other (or some combination of both). Perversion involves the inability to name something having to do with the mOther's desire (the father does not seem to be what she wants), to name or symbolize something having to do with s*x—the mOther's lack—the result being that the pervert is faced with a lack of lack that generates anxiety. Neurosis involves the inability to enjoy oneself, due to all the Other's ideals—that is, the inability to separate from the Other as language.
精神病意味着在与母亲的关系中没有有效地禁止孩子的原乐——也就是说，没有父亲的“不!——这要么是因为父亲的缺席，要么是因为象征性的父亲的塑造失败，要么是因为孩子拒绝接受这种禁令(或者两者兼而有之)。倒错包括无法命名与母性大他者的欲望有关的东西(她似乎并不欲望父亲)，无法说出或象征与性有关的东西——母性大他者的缺乏——结果是倒错缺乏一种产生焦虑的匮乏。神经症无法自娱自乐，由于所有大他者眼中的理想形象——也就是说，无法从大他者中作为语言分离出来。
Neurotics are often very uncertain about what they want and what turns them on, whereas perverts are often quite certain. Even when neurotics do know, they are often highly inhibited in their ability to pursue it; perverts, in contrast, are generally far less inhibited in their pursuit. Neurotics may often have perverse fantasies in which they act in a very uninhibited manner, but this does not make them perverts, from a structural vantage point.
神经症通常不确定他们想要什么，什么能让他们兴奋，而倒错通常很确定。即使神经症知道，他们在追求它的能力上也经常受到高度限制;相比之下，倒错在追求的时候通常不会受到太多的限制。神经症可能经常有倒错的幻想，在幻想中他们以非常不受约束的方式行事，但从结构上的优势来看，这并不意味着他们就是倒错。
In The Lacanian Subject, I described three moments constitutive of subjectivity-alienation, separation, and the traversing of fantasy-that help us understand the three main clinical structures. These moments can be schematized as three substitutions or substitutional metaphors.
在《拉康式主体》中，我描述了构成主体性的三个时刻——异化alienation、分离separation和穿越幻想Traversing of fantasy——它们帮助我们理解三个主要的临床结构。这些时刻可以被图式化为三个代替物或替换的隐喻。
In alienation, the Other dominates, since the child comes into being as a subject of language (the child is, we might say, enticed into language, seduced into making the "forced choice" between pleasure and language, between the pleasure principle and the reality principle); this does not occur in psychosis. In separation, object a as the Other's desire comes to the fore and takes precedence over or subjugates the subject; this does not occur in perversion, for the pervert himself occupies the position of object a, not allowing the Other's desire to serve as cause of his own: he is the real object that plugs up the mOther's desire. In the traversing of fantasy, the subject subjectifies the cause of his or her existence (the Other's desire: object a), and is characterized by desirousness; this does not occur in neurosis.
在异化alienation中，大他者占主导地位，因为儿童是作为语言的主体而存在的(我们可以说，儿童是被引诱进入语言的，被引诱在快乐和语言之间，在快乐原则和现实原则之间做出“被迫的选择”);精神病不会出现这种情况。在分离separation中，客体小a作为大他者的欲望出现，并优先于或征服了主体;这在倒错中不会发生，因为倒错者自己占据了客体小a的位置，不允许大他者的欲望成为他自己的欲望成因:他（倒错）才是补充完母性大他者欲望的真正客体。在穿越幻想Traversing of fantasy中，主体主体化了其存在的原因(即大他者的欲望:客体小a)，并以可欲望的为特征;这在神经症中不会发生。
In this sense, these three moments can be described as a sort of progression:
在这种情况下，三种时刻可以描述为三种变式。
Psychosis → alienation→ Perversion
Perversion → separation→ Neurosis
Neurosis → traversing of fantasy →beyond Neurosis
（beyond Neurosis → traversing of ideology → 4字头）
精神病 经历异化变成 倒错
倒错 经历分离变成 神经症
神经症 超越幻想变成 超越神经症
（超越神经症 超越意识形态变成 4字头）
（虽然说治疗上是这个方向，但是是很难完成的，超越幻想就是超越神经症的短路）
Simply put, the difference between perversion and psychosis is alienation, and the difference between neurosis and perversion is separation. Without alienation, there is psychosis; alienation without separation leads to perversion; and alienation and separation without the traversing of fantasy leads to neurosis. The traversing of fantasy leads the subject beyond castration, beyond neurosis, into largely unexplored territory.
简单来说，精神病和倒错的差别就是异化，倒错和神经症的差别就是分离。没经历异化导向精神病；没经历分离导向倒错（但经历了异化）；经历了异化和分离但没有超越幻想导向神经症。超越幻想使得主体能够超越阉割，超越神经症，去向更广阔全新领域。
In schematic terms, we can represent psychosis, perversion, and neurosis as shown in Figure 9.2. These graphical representations allow us to posit that, understood in terms of the mOther's desire, the psychotic's whole being and body are required to fulfill the mOther (the psychotic is engulfed within the mOther); the pervert's real p*nis is required to fulfill the same task; and the neurotic's symbolic achievements are required but never suffice for the same job: the neurotic's mOther always wants something else.
在示意图9.2中，我们可以表示精神病、倒错、神经症。
这些图形表示允许我们假设以母亲大他者的欲望的角度来理解，精神病的整个存在和身体都需要满足母亲大他者(精神病患者被吞没在母亲大他者内);性倒错的现实的菲勒斯需要完成同样的任务;而神经症有象征性的成就是必需的，但永远不能停息:神经症的母亲大他者总是欲望着更多。
