{"ops":[{"insert":"一、基本概念"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音列"},{"insert":"：乐音体系中的音从低到高或从高到低排列，整个区域为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"音域"},{"insert":"。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音阶"},{"insert":"：将调式中的音，从以主音开始到以主音结束，由低到高（叫做上行）或由高到低（叫做下行）排列。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音级"},{"insert":"：乐音体系中的各音，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"基本音级"},{"insert":"为1 2 3 4 5 6，对应"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"唱名"},{"insert":"do re mi fa sol la si/ti，对应"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"音名"},{"insert":"C D E F G A B，b与音名组合为降低半音，#与音名组合为升高半音，此外还有高八度的高音（简谱上加一点）以及低八度的低音（简谱下加一点）等。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音程"},{"insert":"：两个音在音高上的距离，大小的单位为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"度"},{"insert":"。例如1到1为一度、1到2为二度、1到高音1为八度。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"十二平均律"},{"insert":"：将一个八度音平均分为十二分，每分为一个半音，而一个全音等于两个半音之和。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"大调音阶"},{"insert":"各音之间的关系为：全半全全全半。（除3和4以及7和高音1之间属半音，其他均为全音，1到高音1间加起来共12个半音。）"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"小调音阶"},{"insert":"各音之间的关系为：全半全全半全全。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音数"},{"insert":"：音程所包含的全音、半音数目，用分数和整数标记，用"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"1/2"},{"insert":"表示"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"半音"},{"insert":"，用"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"整数"},{"insert":"表示"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"全音"},{"insert":"。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音程属性"},{"insert":"：由音程所包含的音级数和音程所包含的半音个数确定。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"协和音程"},{"insert":"：听起来悦耳、融合的音程。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"极完全协和音程"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"：声音"},{"insert":"完全合一的纯一度和几乎完全合一的纯八度）；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"完全协和音程"},{"insert":"：声音相当融合的纯四度和纯五度；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"不完全协和音程"},{"insert":"：不很融合的大小三度和大小六度。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"不协和音程"},{"insert":"：听起来比较刺耳，彼此不很融合的音程。大小二度、大小七度及所有增减音程（包括增四、减五度音程）倍增、倍减音程都属于不协和音程。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"纯一度"},{"insert":"为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"相同"},{"insert":"的两音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"0"},{"insert":"，例如1和1；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"小二度"},{"insert":"为两个"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"相差两个音级一个半音"},{"insert":"的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"1/2"},{"insert":"，例如3和4以及7和高音1；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大二度"},{"insert":"为两个"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"相差两个音级两个半音的"},{"insert":"音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"1"},{"insert":"，例如1和2；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"小三度"},{"insert":"为两个"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"相差三个音级三个半音的音"},{"insert":"，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"1又1/2"},{"insert":"，例如中间音为3、4、7、1的两个音；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大三度"},{"insert":"为两个相差三个音级四个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"2"},{"insert":"，例如1和3；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"纯四度"},{"insert":"为两个相差四个音级五个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"2又1/2"},{"insert":"，例如1和4；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"增四度"},{"insert":"为两个相差四个音级六个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"3"},{"insert":"，例如4和7；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"减五度"},{"insert":"为两个相差五个音级六个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"3"},{"insert":"，例如7和高音4；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"纯五度"},{"insert":"为两个相差五个音级七个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"3又1/2"},{"insert":"，例如1和5；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"小六度"},{"insert":"为两个相差六个音级七个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"3又1/2"},{"insert":"，例如根音为3、6或7的两个音；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大六度"},{"insert":"为两个相差六个音级八个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"4"},{"insert":"，例如1和6；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"小七度"},{"insert":"为两个相差七个音级九个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"4又1/2"},{"insert":"，例如根音为1或4的两个音；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大七度"},{"insert":"为两个相差七个音级十个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"5"},{"insert":"，例如1和7；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"纯八度"},{"insert":"为两个相差八个音级十二个半音的音，音数为"},{"attributes":{"color":"#ffb027"},"insert":"6"},{"insert":"，例如1和高音1。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"在大或纯的基础上再加半音为增，在小或纯的基础上再减半音为减，在大的基础上减半音为小，在小的基础上加半音为大。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"和弦"},{"insert":"：三个或三个以上的音按照三度或非三度的关系叠加而成。\n常见的"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"三度和弦"},{"insert":"有：\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大三和弦"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"："},{"insert":"根音与三音是大三度，三音与五音是小三度，用根音的大写英文字母音名来表示，例如C和弦；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"小三和弦"},{"insert":"：根音与三音是小三度，三音与五音是大三度，用根音的音名加上m表示，例如Dm和弦；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"减三和弦"},{"insert":"：根音与三音以及三音与五音都是小三度，用根音的音名加上dim表示，例如Bdim和弦；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大小七和弦"},{"insert":"：在大三和弦基础上再加小七度，用根音的音名加上7表示；\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"大大七和弦"},{"insert":"：在大三和弦基础上再加大七度，用根音的音名加上maj7或M7表示，例如F大7/Fmaj7和弦）。\n常见的"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"非三度"},{"insert":"和弦有"},{"attributes":{"color":"#2ac864"},"insert":"挂留和弦"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"："},{"insert":"用二度音或者纯四度音代替原来的三度音而排列组合成的和弦，用根音的音名加上sus再加上2或4表示，例如G挂4/Gsus4和弦。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"调"},{"insert":"：几个音按照一定的次序进行有规律的音高排列，形成音列的音高位置。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"基本调"},{"insert":"（自然调）即由基本音级所组成的调，例如G调简谱1=G（五线谱加上#，而若是高音谱号，就在第五线上加上#，若是低音谱号，就在第四线上加上#）。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"调式"},{"insert":"：几个音（不超过七个，不少于三个）按照一定的关系（高低关系、稳定与不稳定关系等）联结在一起所构成的体系，并以某个音为中心进行。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"调性"},{"insert":"：调与调式的总称。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"大调式"},{"insert":"：几个音按照一定的关系联结在一起，并以1（do）音中心，形成1 2 3 4 5 6 7的音列音高（稳定音合起来构成一个小三和弦，不稳定音以二度音程关系倾向稳定音）而构成旋律进行的基本音调，大调式分为自然大调（应用最广）、和声大调和旋律大调，例如C自然大调C D E F G A B，而D自然大调则将D唱成1（do）记作D E #F G A B #C，依次类推。\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"小调式"},{"insert":"：几个音按照一定的关系联结在一起，并以6（La）音为中心，形成6 7 1 2 3 4 5的音列音高（稳定音合起来构成一个小三和弦，不稳定音以二度音程关系倾向稳定音）而构成旋律进行的基本音调，小调式分为自然小调、和声小调和旋律小调，例如a自然小调A B C D E F G，而b自然小调则将B唱成6（la），记作B #C D E #F G A，依次类推。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"调音级"},{"insert":"：分为主音、上主音、中音、下属音、属音、下中音、导音。大调式依次为1 2 3 4 5 6 7，小调式则为6 7 1 2 3 4 5。主音是调式中最稳定的音。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"稳定音级"},{"insert":"：主音、中音、属音，构成调式重要的三个音；"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"不稳定音级"},{"insert":"：上主音、下属音、下中音、导音。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"正音级"},{"insert":"：主音、下属音、属音，体现调式基本规律和特征的三个音；"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"副音级"},{"insert":"：下主音、中音、下中音、导音。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"音级级数"},{"insert":"：各音与主音间的度数关系，主音至导音的级数为一至七。例如F自然大调一至七音级级数对应为F G A bB C D E，d自然小调则为D E F G A bB C。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"调和弦"},{"insert":"：由调音级为根音所构成的和弦。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"正三和弦"},{"insert":"：由主音、上属音、属音为根音（大调式为145，小调式则为623）所构成的和弦。"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"副三和弦"},{"insert":"：上主音、中音、下中音、导音为根音（大调式为1367，小调式为7145）所构成的和弦。例如G自然大调和弦G Am Bm C D Em #Fdim，e自然小调和弦则对应为Em #Fdim G Am Bm C D。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"和弦级数"},{"insert":"：调和弦是由调式中的音为根音所构成的，调式和弦级数与调式音级级数相同。大调式和小调式和弦级数不同，例如B自然大调一至七和弦级数对应为B #Cm #Dm E #F #Gm #Adim，g自然小调则对应为#Gm #Adim B #Cm #Dm E #F。一首歌大调式就只能用大调式级数，反之亦然。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/599a77a73c71dd1ea051b2ee108397329ed73a20.jpg","width":741,"height":473,"size":217439,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"和弦"},{"insert":"（级数）"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"万能公式"},{"insert":"：1645、15634145（卡农，变奏1563461）、4536251。\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"C自然大调音阶图"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/da2470cb8d498363808598bf9e548a738d24b2bf.jpg","width":690,"height":260,"size":93843,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"吉他标准调音后一弦至六弦空弦的音为E、B、G、D、A、E（高音mi、si/ti、sol、re、低音la、低音mi），吉他相邻两品之间为半音，变调夹可借此升高吉他的音调，例如夹二品，吉他由C调升至D调，原先三品的位置重置为D调的一品。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"cut-off"},"insert":{"cut-off":{"type":"3","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/db75225feabec8d8b64ee7d3c7165cd639554cbc.png"}}},{"insert":"二、常用和弦图"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"下图中"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"圆圈1"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表食指按弦、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"长条1"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表食指横按（长的大横按短的小横按）、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"圆圈2"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表中指按弦、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"圆圈3"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表无名指按弦、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"圆圈4"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表小拇指按弦，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"Ⅹ"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表该弦不发音、"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"O"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表该弦可发音，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"左上角的数字"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表品，"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"下面的字母"},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"代表该弦所发的音。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"C调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/5f465dc3934ed81492797fc4080ab2178f2d2e98.jpg","width":931,"height":409,"size":89478,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"D调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/9bb3fa233fcfb833911c73d3c92e14c6af19e69b.jpg","width":946,"height":409,"size":80298,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"D和弦食指小横按也可用食指按三弦二品、中指按一弦二品、无名指按二弦三品替代。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"E调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/b4b16ad46d8de4e3211d6dd80d8a1f36abd36b2d.jpg","width":914,"height":407,"size":82512,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"B和弦按四品的中指、无名指和小拇指可用无名指折指小横按替代。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"F调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/d2746f646fa95881aa64f8513c64b7f87b220078.jpg","width":920,"height":416,"size":73775,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"bB和弦按三品的中指、无名指和小拇指可用无名指折指小横按替代。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"G调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/8c26bed9b4f12e54f9930f19fae6dd101be6c139.jpg","width":910,"height":400,"size":90025,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"D和弦食指小横按也可用食指按三弦二品、中指按一弦二品、无名指按二弦三品替代。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"A调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/2fc8c73fa0eb6e091aed461cea89cee813cbf34a.jpg","width":905,"height":407,"size":78995,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"B调"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/738be05f96a2d85fbd07a5ab61385ae704a91d3c.jpg","width":906,"height":397,"size":81975,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"color":"#f85a54"},"insert":"B和弦按四品的中指、无名指和小拇指可用无名指折指小横按替代。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"cut-off"},"insert":{"cut-off":{"type":"3","url":"https://b1.sanwen.net/b_article/db75225feabec8d8b64ee7d3c7165cd639554cbc.png"}}},{"insert":"三、技巧"},{"attributes":{"header":1},"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"突破"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"大横按"},{"insert":"的方法：1."},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"食指稍向琴颈侧翻2.令食指、中指、无名指和小拇指根部均高于指板3.用食指和大拇指夹吉他练指力4.从高把位"},{"insert":"练起\n"},{"attributes":{"color":"#18191c"},"insert":"突破"},{"attributes":{"color":"#00aeec"},"insert":"和弦转换"},{"insert":"突破的方法：1.两个和弦相同的手指保留不动，换其他手指2.有延音的手指后撤3.手指抬放练习：按好一个和弦，然后抬起，在空中将下个和弦的手型摆好，换下个和弦时直接落下，由很慢的渐至快4.爬格子练习\n"}]}
标签：
