【龙腾网】纽约老鼠肥胖率激增，“地下鼠人”或将占领纽约
正文翻译
Since they became prent in NYC, they have posed an increasing threat to New Yorkers, growing larger and more aggressive. They have, in some cases, grown to over two lbs and 20 inches long.
自从它们在纽约流行以来，它们对纽约人的威胁越来越大，变得越来越大，越来越有攻击性。在某些情况下，它们已经长到超过2磅和20英寸长。
However, the differences between other brown rats and NYC rats are not just on the surface. It turns out that NYC rats have fundamentally begun to evolve differently than their counterparts.
然而，其他棕色大鼠和纽约大鼠之间的差异不仅仅是表面上的。事实证明，纽约老鼠已经从根本上开始进化，与它们的同类不同。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
As The Guardian puts it, “Then the researchers compared the genomes of the city’s rodents with those of nine brown rats from Heilongjiang province in north-east China, the original home of Rattus norvegicus. Their findings – posted last week on online site bioRxiv – included a list of several dozen rat genes that showed major changes in DNA over the centuries as the species spread from Asia to Europe and on to America, and from the countryside into cities. These altered genes include those associated with diet, behaviour and movement, and reflect the ever-present need for rats to adapt to the challenges of living with humans in a city. The pressures include increased danger from disease and changes in diets, said the scientists, among them Pleuni Pennings of San Francisco State University and Jason Munshi-South of Fordham University.”
正如《卫报》所说，“然后，研究人员将该市啮齿动物的基因组与来自中国东北黑龙江省的九只棕色老鼠的基因组进行了比较，黑龙江省是褐家鼠的原始家园。他们的研究结果上周发表在bioRxiv网站上，其中包括几十种老鼠基因的列表，这些基因显示了几个世纪以来，随着老鼠从亚洲传播到欧洲，再到美洲，从农村传播到城市，DNA发生了重大变化。这些改变的基因包括那些与饮食、行为和运动有关的基因，反映了老鼠在城市中与人类生活在一起的挑战。包括旧金山州立大学的Pleuni Pennings和福特汉姆大学的Jason Munshi-South在内的科学家说，这些压力包括来自疾病的危险增加和饮食的变化。
Turns out a different lifestyle among rats might be able to reflect in DNA change over time (originally put decades, which was my mistake in translating the literature).
事实证明，随着时间的推移，老鼠不同的生活方式可能会反映在DNA的变化中(最初是几十年，这是我在翻译文献时的错误)。
评论翻译
Eric Platt
Eventually we will end up with the ROUSs of New York City. Then we will need to pay adventurers to cull them.
最终我们将看到纽约市被体型异常的啮齿动物占领。然后我们就需要付钱给冒险家去捕杀它们。
Nyx Shadowhawk to Eric Platt
I don’t think they exist.
我认为它们不存在。
Anthony Tang to Nyx Shadowhawk
That’s what they want you to think.
这就是他们希望你思考的。
August West to Eric Platt
Terriers will step too and save us all!
梗类犬（一种小型犬类）会来拯救我们!
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Naoman Saeed
“This is heresy. There are no gigantic bipedal ratmen dwelling underneath the old city”
这是异端邪说。老城下面没有巨大的双足老鼠居住。”
Riley Rosell to Naoman Saeed
Apparently, Red Slider turtles can live in New York, live in Sewers, can live to be more than 20 years old, and can eat pizza
and about 15 years after the Three Mile island incident, iirc, there was a marked drop in violent crime in New York
hmmmmmm
显然，红腹彩龟(北美淡水龟)可以住在纽约，可以住在下水道，可以活到20岁以上，还可以吃披萨
大约在三哩岛核泄露事故15年后，纽约的暴力犯罪有了明显的下降
嗯……
Xabel Ron
Makes sense. People back off at an aggressive rat. The strategy pays off
很有意义。人们在遇到有攻击性的老鼠时退缩。这个策略是有回报的
Jimmie Hicks to Xabel Ron
Yeah but then the regular people just call in exterminators, the professionals who will kill a lot more of them than just one person or family could've killed.
是啊，但普通人会叫来灭鼠人，这些专业人士会杀死比一个人或一个家庭杀死的多得多的老鼠。
Xabel Ron to Jimmie Hicks
I’ve been thinking over this issue. In an environment with an overabundance of food, animals do tend to grow larger, don’t they? That’s why salmon and deer are reported to grow smaller in the last decades.
我一直在思考这个问题。在食物过剩的环境中，动物确实会变得更大，不是吗？这就是为什么三文鱼和鹿在过去几十年里长得越来越小的原因。
Jimmie Hicks to Xabel Ron
Not just animals, humans too. The average human nowadays is taller and wider than the average human 100 or 200 years ago. That’s how an influx of vitamins and minerals affect the bodies of all species given enough time.
不只是动物，人类也一样。现在的普通人比100或200年前的普通人更高更宽。这就是在足够的时间内，维生素和矿物质是如何影响所有物种的身体的。
Georgette Wolf
When they squeak now, you’ll notice a very sharp New York accent…
当它们吱吱叫的时候，你会注意到它们有很尖锐的纽约口音……
Anthony Hoad
“20 inches and 2 pounds”
That’s not a rat, that’s a fucking chihuahua at this point.
“20英寸2磅”
那不是老鼠，那是他妈的吉娃娃。
Bitti Deva to Anthony Hoad
Lol.
哈哈
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Stephen Gandy
There is a mosquito, Culex pipiens molestus, that is unique to the London Underground…. The progenitor only bit birds.
有一种蚊子，叫地下库蚊，是伦敦地铁特有的....它的祖先只咬鸟。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Brian van der Spuy
On a Facebook group for birders that I belong to there was a debate about whether it is a good idea to feed bread and other human food to garden birds. Apparently not too healthy for them. But it set me wondering to what extent city birds have evolved over the centuries to adapt to this new environment. Not sure whether much research has been done on it, but it would not surprise me at all if city birds are far better adapted to eat human food than we think.
在我所属的一个Facebook观鸟者小组中，有一场关于用面包和其他人类食物喂花园鸟类是否是个好主意的辩论。显然对他们来说不太健康但这让我想知道，几个世纪以来，城市鸟类在适应这种新环境方面进化到了什么程度。我不确定是否对此做了很多研究，但如果城市鸟类比我们想象的更适应吃人类食物，我一点也不惊讶。
James Henry to Brian van der Spuy
Almost certainly a cultural adaptation rather than genetic, but in the UK robins are liked by humans and so are very bold in the presence of humans. In Europe - where they’re shot or eaten like any other bird - they’re just as wary as every other bird.
几乎可以肯定这是一种文化上的适应，而不是基因上的，但在英国，知更鸟很受人类的喜爱，所以在人类面前非常大胆。在欧洲，它们像其他鸟类一样被射杀或吃掉，因此它们和其他鸟类一样警惕。
Sam Joseph to Brian van der Spuy
It’s been proven that city song birds sing at higher decibel levels, to be heard over city noise; so I wouldn't be surprised.
I'm more concerned with how much public bird feeding has been helping the rats.
事实证明，城市歌唱的鸟以更高的分贝歌唱，以便在城市噪音中被听到；所以我不会感到惊讶
我更关心的是公众喂鸟对老鼠的帮助有多大。
