【龙腾网】北风之神级潜艇–探索被认为“世界上最危险”的潜艇
正文翻译
October 30, 2020
The Borei class submarines started with Project 955, deployed in 1996. This is the first Russian submarine project since the dissolution of the Soviet unx.
Borei级潜艇始于1996年启动的955工程。这是苏联解体以后的第一个俄罗斯潜艇工程。
Introduce
介绍
Nuclear submarines are the most effective, independent and secretive of Russia’s strategic nuclear trio, operates in all weather conditions and can maintain a constant presence across oceans. In the present and near future, nuclear submarines will remain the most effective nuclear deterrent of Russia’s strategic nuclear trio.
核潜艇是俄罗斯战略核三位一体打击中最有效，最独立和最秘密的核潜艇，可以全天候值勤，并且可以在整个海洋中保持长年存在。在目前和不久的将来，核潜艇将仍然是俄罗斯战略核三位一体打击中最有效的核威慑力量。
Most recently, the Russian Navy commissioned the fourth Borei-class submarine, the Knyaz Vladimir, hull number K-549. It was also the first Borei-A, an upgraded version of the Borei class. The submarine is named after Knyaz Vladimir the Great.
最近，俄罗斯海军定购的北风之神级第四艘潜水艇弗拉基米尔，编号K-549。它也是第一艘北风之神-A，是北风之神级的升级型号。潜水艇以弗拉基米尔大帝（Knyaz Vladimir）命名。
In total, 10 Borei-class submarines will be built and join the Russian Navy, the last in 2027. Expected, 5 of these will be sent to the Pacific Fleet and the remaining 5 will be complement the Northern Fleet.
总共将建造10艘北风之神级潜艇并进入俄罗斯海军服役，最后一艘将于2027年入役。预期，其中5艘将被派往太平洋舰队，其余5艘将作为北方舰队的补充。
The Borei class submarines started with Project 955, deployed in 1996. This is the first Russian submarine project since the dissolution of the Soviet unx. In fact, Project 955 has been researched and developed since the Soviet era. When Russia took over, the project was redesigned to accommodate the Bulava ballistic missile, replacing the R-39UTTH Bark missile.
北风之神级潜艇始于1996年部署的955工程。这是苏联解体以来的第一个俄罗斯潜艇项目。实际上，自苏联时代以来，就已经对955工程进行了研究和开发。俄罗斯接管后，该项目经过重新设计，可携带圆锤弹道导弹，取代了R-39UTTH导弹。
Design
设计
Basically, the Knyaz Vladimir retains the same Borei class design. The submarine is 170 meters long, the beam is 13.5 meters, and the draft is 10m. The displacement when surfaced and submerged is 14,720 and 24,000 tons, respectively.
基本上，弗拉基米尔大帝号保留了与北风之神相类似的设计。潜水艇长170米，光束13.5米，吃水深度10m。当浮出水面和淹没时的排水量分别为14,720吨和24,000吨。
Borei-class nuclear submarines have a compact design, which significantly reduces the noise level compared with previous generations of strategic nuclear submarines. It uses rudders at the stern and stabilized wings like the US Navy’s Ohio ballistic missile submarine. Thanks to its compact size, the ship can move in shallow water. The Knyaz Vladimir submarine is said to have lower noise levels than the previous Borei class.
北风之神级核潜艇设计紧凑，与上一代战略核潜艇相比，可显着降低噪音水平。它在船尾使用水平稳定舵，类似于美国海军的俄亥俄弹道导弹潜水艇。得益于尺寸紧凑，该船可以在浅水中移动。据说弗拉基米尔大帝潜艇的噪音水平低于先前的北风之神级。
Borei is also the first class of Russian submarines to use a pump-jet propulsion system instead of using propellers like the previous submarines. Americans have been using pump-jet propulsions on Seawolf-class nuclear submarines since the 1990s.
北风之神级还是俄罗斯第一种使用泵喷射推进系统而不是像以前的潜艇那样使用螺旋桨的潜艇。自1990年代以来，美国人一直在“海狼”级核潜艇上使用泵喷射推进器。
The pump-jet propulsion offers higher efficiency, low resistance, especially when operating at high speeds. One outstanding advantage of a pump-jet engine is its low noise, which helps the submarine to reduce the sound signal when traveling.
泵喷射推进器可以提供更高的效率、更低的阻力，尤其是在高速运行时。泵喷气发动机的一个突出优点在于其低噪音，这有助于潜水艇在行驶中减少声音信号。
The noise level is to be five times lower when compared to the third-generation nuclear-powered Akula-class submarines and two times lower than that of the U.S. Virginia-class submarines. The acoustic signature of Borei is significantly stealthier than that of the previous generations of Russian SSBNs, but it have been reported that their hydraulic pumps become noisier after a relatively short period of operation, reducing the stealth capabilities of the submarine.
与第三代核动力阿库拉级潜艇相比，噪音水平要低五倍，比美国弗吉尼亚级潜艇要低两倍。北风之神级的声学特征明显低于几代俄罗斯SSBN级，但据说，它们的液压泵在相对较短的运行时间后变得更嘈杂，从而降低了潜艇的隐身性。
Propulsion
动力
The submarine’s engine is an OK-650B nuclear reactor with a capacity of 190 megawatts, in addition to an AEU steam turbine. They allow the ship to reach a maximum submerged speed of at least 46 km/h (25 kn; 29 mph).
该潜艇的发动机是一台OK-650B核反应堆和一台AEU蒸汽轮机，功率为190兆瓦。它们使船舶能够达到至少46 km / h（25 节; 29 迈）的最大水下行驶速度。
The Borei submarine’s sonar system has been completely redesigned, allowing the detection of enemy warships 50% farther than the US Navy’s Virginia class submarines. It consists of a complex set of digital devices that provide communication, target acquisition and detection capabilities, and a host of other auxiliary functions.
北风之神级潜艇的声纳系统已全部重新设计，与敌方军舰相比，探测能力比美国海军的弗吉尼亚级潜艇还要高50％。它由一组复杂的数字设备组成，这些设备可提供通信、目标锁定和检测功能以及许多其他辅助功能。
Armament
武器
The main armament of the Borei-class nuclear submarine is 16 R-30 Bulava intercontinental ballistic missiles. This is a ballistic missile launched from submarines, equipped for the Russian Navy, designed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology.
北风之神级核潜艇的主要武器是16枚R-30 圆锤洲际弹道导弹。这是由莫斯科热力技术研究所设计的，专为俄罗斯海军配备的潜射的弹道导弹。
The missile has three stages; the first and second stages use solid fuel propellant, while the third stage uses a liquid fuel to allow high maneuverability during warhead separation. It weighs 36.8 tons, has a range of 8,000 km.
导弹分为三级，第一级和第二级使用固体燃料推进剂，而第三级使用液体燃料以便在弹头分离后实现较高的机动性。它重36.8吨，射程8,000公里。
Using MIRV warheads for submarine-launched missiles would be many times more dangerous than land-launched missiles. Nuclear submarines constantly change launch positions, making it very difficult for the enemy to develop missile defense options.
海基发射使用分导式多弹头战斗部威慑作用要比陆基发射的导弹高出许多倍。核潜艇可持续改变发射位置，使敌人很难防御。
As for the Borei-A submarines, the main difference of these submarines from the original version is improved performance. Sound signature is significantly reduced thanks to the hull is covered with a material that absorbs sound from a special rubber compound. The electronics on board have also been upgraded to be more sophisticated.
至于北风之神级-A潜艇，这些潜艇与原级潜艇的主要区别在于性能提高。由于船体覆盖有可吸收噪音的特殊橡胶混合物的材料，因此大大降低了噪声信号，船上的电子设备也已变得更复杂。
The Borei class submarines are the most dangerous class of submarines that Russia currently owns. It can hit targets around the world with nuclear weapons. This makes submarines an indispensable part of Russia’s nuclear trio, providing the strongest retaliation against any nation that attacks Moscow with nuclear weapons.
北风之神级潜艇是俄罗斯目前拥有的最危险的潜艇。它可以用核武器打击世界任何目标。这使潜艇成为俄罗斯核三位一体核打击力量不可或缺的一部分，任何敢以核武器袭击莫斯科的国家都将受到最猛烈的报复。
