GRE阅读：瓷器的起源
The highly dispersed nature of Panzalco pottery throughout present-day Ecuador has led archaeologists to speculate about the pottery’s origins and significance. Jijon y Caaniano attributed the pottery’s distribution to trade, and based on the large quantities of pottery' recovered in the Ambato-Latacunga region of the central Ecuadorian highlands, he proposed that region as the probable locus of production. However. Porras suggests that inhabitants of the subtropical eastern Andean slopes, or montana, were the original producers of Panzalco. Porras’ theory involves the forced migration of the montana population from their homeland in the Queijo’s River valley into the Ecuadorian highlands. The gradual exodus and ensuing dispersal of the makers of this ware could account for the diffuse distribution of the materials.
1. The passage cites evidence supporting which of the following hypotheses?
A. Jijon y Caamano's hypothesis about the relationship between trade and the distribution of Panzaleo pottery
B. Jijon y Caamano’s hypothesis about the probable locus of Panzaleo pottery production
C. Porras’ hypothesis about who the original producers of Panzalcc pottery were
D. Porras’ hypothesis about the forced migration of certain peoples
E. Porras’ hypothesis about the dispersal of the original makers of Panzaleo pottery
2. It can be interred from the passage that Jijon y Caamano would probably agree with which of the following statements about the distribution of Panzalco pottery throughout Ecuador?
A. This distribution is not primarily the result of the relocation of th original makers of the pottery.
B.This distribution originally took p ace over a relatively short period of time.
C. This distribution could not have occurred without the forced migration of certain peoples.
D. This distribution was largely limited to the Ambato-Lataeunga region.
E.This distribution indicates that the Ambato-Lataeunga region was known primarily as trading center
答案：b a
【文章分析】
S1;视角上，无引用观点标志词，但出现【highly】表示语气程度词，说明作者观点评价事实。
此句话为全文探讨的核心对象，主要探讨Ecuador地区出现的瓷器起源和重要性。我们预期，下文会展开考古学家们的不同观点。
S2:视角上，出现引用观点标志词【attributed to】和【proposed that】表示为引用观点做推测，为上文的Ecuador地区瓷器的起源地进行推测。
出现【based on】表示为前提，说明jyc基于前提得出自己推测观点。
前提：jyc将瓷器的分布归结于贸易往来，同时他认为瓷器出现的地方在Ambato-Latacunga region of the central Ecuadorian highlands。
推测：所以，jyc认为Ambato-Latacunga region of…. Ecuadorian才是瓷器的可能发源地。本句话中的production对应上文的【original】表示为同义替换。
S3:视角上，出现引用观点标志词【sb suggest that】说明本句为引用观点。同时，本句话出现转折标志词【however】功能为对比，与上句话的jyc观点不一致。但本句话中的jyc和p的同一个对象为：Ecuador地区瓷器的发源。本句话在上下文关系中，为上文s1的起源地在信息上做推测解释型分析，在上文功能上为作者观点做展开。
P认为瓷器应该发源于Andean slopes, or montana。
S4:视角上，无任何引用观点标志词，但从信息上看为作者观点评价s3的p观点信息。
作者认为：p的理论包含了从montana被迫迁移到Ecuador地区。作者认为p的观点实际上和jyc是一样的，都是从Ecuador起源的。
作者实际上做的是一种调和作用【reconcile】，在调解s2 vs s3不同观点围绕同一件事儿做出的争论。什么是reconcile？当两个观点围绕同一件事得出不同的结论时，但又不能达成一致，作者这时会出来自己当和事老的角色，解决冲突。有时会直接reconcile，如本句评价了某人的观点。有时会引用一个事实、其他的新观点或转向补充信息的方式进行间接的reconcile。
最后，作者支持jyc的观点，这种行为在阅读上叫做【defend】;当两个观点围绕同一件事儿进行争论时，作者观点出来袒护（支持、认同）某一方观点时，就叫做defend了某人的观点。在选项中，我们题干中常能看见类似于【The passage cites evidence supporting/the author…】表示作者defend谁的观点。
S5:视角上，作者观点对自己的观点进行补充，在功能上继续完善调和的功能，在信息上为瓷器分布的原因作总结。
出现同义替换【The gradual exodus】指代s3中p的【The gradual exodus】，【ensuing dispersal】指代s2中的【pottery’s distribution to trade】。
作者认为p和jyc的观点都对，都是导致瓷器分布较稀疏的原因。
主线：s1-s4
【选项分析】
第一题，信息题，问：作者在文中使用例子支撑了谁？
考察的是当文中出现不同的观点围绕同一件事做纷争时，作者出来defend某一方。在文中作者defend（支持了）jyc的观点，认同e地区才是瓷器的起源地。
正确选项为B.
错误选项分析：
A. Jijon y Caamano's hypothesis about the relationship between trade and the distribution of Panzaleo pottery
首先，不是作者支撑的点，作者只认同Ecuadorian地区是发源地。其他的没提及。
C. Porras’ hypothesis about who the original producers of Panzalcc pottery were
错误，作者不认同p的观点。
D. Porras’ hypothesis about the forced migration of certain peoples
同上一个选项。
E. Porras’ hypothesis about the dispersal of the original makers of Panzaleo pottery
同上一个选项。
第二题，信息题，问：jyc对distribution of Panzalco pottery throughout Ecuador的看法？
看到sb agree with，首先要考虑引用观点或作者观点对于文中的人、事情、观点的直接看法，一般都看其有无自己观点的直接评论。没有直接的看法或自己观点被其他观点进行补充，且无冲突（质疑等）那么直接看补充的观点即可。因此，我们直接看最后一句话的作者观点对于瓷器的分散稀疏的补充，作者认为有两种可能：1.人口迁移 2.贸易往来。
直接选择A。
错误选项分析：
B.This distribution originally took pace over a relatively short period of time.
未提及时间长短。
C. This distribution could not have occurred without the forced migration of certain peoples.
过于绝对化，与作者补充的信息点不符。
D. This distribution was largely limited to the Ambato-Lataeunga region.
过于绝对化，信息错误。
E.This distribution indicates that the Ambato-Lataeunga region was known primarily as trading center
未提及的信息。
作者：alchemist·/alchemist97（都是我）
我声明本文章解析全部内容都为我一人创作：未经授权不得基于解析内容二次更改、创作、复制等。
