【文献速递】【Nature】【2022年】【8月】
声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。
资本收益
An individual’s social network and community — their ‘social capital’ — has been thought to influence outcomes ranging from earnings to health. But measuring social capital is challenging. In two papers in this week’s issue, Raj Chetty and his colleagues use data on 21 billion friendships from Facebook to construct a Social Capital Atlas containing measures of social capital for each ZIP code, high school and college in the United States. The researchers measure three types of social capital: connectedness between different types of people, social cohesion and civic engagement. They find that children who grow up in communities where people of low and high socio-economic status interact more have substantially greater chances of rising out of poverty. The team then examines what might limit social interactions across class lines, finding a roughly equal contribution from lack of exposure — because children in different socio-economic groups go to different schools, for example — and friending bias, the tendency for people to befriend people similar to them.
人们认为，个人的社交网络和社区——他们的“社会资本”——会影响从收入到健康的各种结果。但衡量社会资本具有挑战性。在本周刊的两篇论文中，Raj Chetty和他的同事使用来自Facebook的210亿条友谊数据构建了一个社会资本图集，其中包含美国每个邮政编码、高中和大学的社会资本衡量指标。研究人员测量了三种类型的社会资本：不同类型的人之间的联系、社会凝聚力和公民参与。他们发现，在低社会经济地位和高社会经济地位的人，互动更多的社区中长大的儿童摆脱贫困的机会要大得多。然后，该团队研究了可能会限制跨阶级社交互动的因素，发现缺乏接触的影响大致相同——例如，因为不同社会经济群体的孩子上不同的学校——以及交友偏见，即人们与人交朋友的倾向类似于他们。
Interfaces between cells are created when cells stick to each other, a process usually mediated by adhesion molecules called adhesins. Engineering the formation of cell–cell interfaces and programming subsequent patterning using synthetic adhesins has proved challenging. In this week’s issue, Ingmar Riedel-Kruse and his colleagues present such a system based on synthetic adhesins in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The researchers used the four-colour theorem to mathematically and experimentally show that just four adhesins are sufficient to construct a logic to create any arbitrary interface pattern. The cover shows one such tiling pattern. Each dot corresponds to a colony of outwardly growing E. coli, and the lines are the interfaces formed when two bacteria carrying complementary adhesins meet and stick together. The adhesin logic is illustrated by the coloured shapes overlaid on part of the image. The four-adhesin toolkit could help drive the engineering of biosensors and biomaterials as well as shedding light on the evolution of multicellular systems.
当细胞相互粘附时，细胞之间就会产生界面，这一过程通常由称为粘附素的粘附分子介导。 使用合成粘附素设计细胞-细胞界面的形成和编程后续图案已被证明具有挑战性。在本周的期刊中，Ingmar Riedel-Kruse和他的同事们展示了这样一个基于大肠杆菌中合成粘附素的系统。研究人员使用四色定理通过数学和实验表明，仅四种粘附素就足以构建逻辑以创建任意界面模式。封面展示了一种这样的平铺图案。每个点对应一个向外生长的大肠杆菌菌落，而线条是两种携带互补粘附素的细菌相遇并粘在一起时形成的界面。粘附素逻辑由覆盖在部分图像上的彩色形状说明。四种粘附素工具包可以帮助推动生物传感器和生物材料的工程设计，并阐明多细胞系统的进化。
The cover captures the morning mist at Kaeng Krachan National Park in Thailand. Like every other aspect of life on Earth, forests are facing increased challenges posed by climate change. A collection of papers in this week’s issue probes the vulnerabilities and potential resilience of forests in a warming world. Three studies focus on North America: one examining the response of boreal species to warming and drought, another analysing the timing of stem growth in temperate deciduous forests, and a third revealing migration of white spruce (Picea glauca) into the Arctic tundra. In the tropics, one paper investigates the impact of phosphorus availability in the Amazon, while another assesses the reasons for increased mortality of tropical trees. Finally, a sixth paper shows how satellite imaging can be combined with machine learning to identify declining resilience in the world’s forests.
封面捕捉到了泰国Kaeng Krachan国家公园的晨雾。与地球上生命的所有其他方面一样，森林正面临着气候变化带来的越来越多的挑战。本周刊中的一系列论文探讨了森林在变暖世界中的脆弱性和潜在恢复力。三项研究集中在北美：一项研究北方物种对变暖和干旱的反应，另一项分析温带落叶林中茎生长的时间，第三项揭示白云杉（Picea glauca）向北极苔原的迁移。在热带地区，一篇论文调查了亚马逊地区可用磷的影响，而另一篇论文则评估了热带树木死亡率增加的原因。最后，第六篇论文展示了如何将卫星成像与机器学习相结合，以确定世界森林的复原力下降情况。
Many gases can be dissolved in water, but the amount of gas that can be held by the liquid is relatively low. In this week’s issue, Jarad Mason and his colleagues present a system that creates permanently ‘porous’ water, allowing gases to be stored at high concentrations within the liquid. To achieve this, the researchers suspended tailored microporous nanocrystals in water and other aqueous solutions. The internal surfaces of the solids repel water molecules, thereby creating ‘dry’ pores that can readily adsorb gases from the surrounding liquid. This allowed the team to store gases, including oxygen and carbon dioxide, at much higher concentrations than is possible in water alone. The work could have implications in energy and biomedicine, because highly oxygenated water might be able to act as a solvent for electrocatalysis or a substitute for blood.
许多气体都可以溶解在水中，但液体能容纳的气体量相对较少。在本周的期刊中，贾拉德·梅森（Jarad Mason）和他的同事们展示了一个系统，该系统可以产生永久性“多孔”水，使气体能够以高浓度储存在液体中。为实现这一目标，研究人员将定制的微孔纳米晶体悬浮在水和其他水溶液中。固体的内表面排斥水分子，从而形成“干燥”的孔隙，可以很容易地从周围的液体中吸收气体。这使得该团队能够以比单独在水中高得多的浓度储存气体，包括氧气和二氧化碳。这项工作可能会对能源和生物医学产生影响，因为高含氧水可能可以作为电催化的溶剂或血液的替代品。
1.The social connections that shape economic prospects.
塑造经济前景的社会联系。
2.Escort proteins for cellular zinc ions.
护送蛋白用于细胞锌离子。
3.Nanowire device slips ahead in race to a primary standard for current.
纳米线设备在比赛中领先，达到了当前的主要标准。
4.Risk management alone fails to limit the impact of extreme climate events.
仅风险管理无法限制极端气候事件的影响。
5.From the archive: early science in Florence and fingerprint forgery.
来自档案：佛罗伦萨和指纹伪造的早期科学。
6.Akt protein boosts cancer metabolism through a two-pronged attack.
AKT蛋白通过双管齐下来增强癌症代谢。
7.Quantized current steps due to the a.c. coherent quantum phase-slip effect.
交流相干量子相滑效应导致量化电流步数。
8.Non-Hermitian morphing of topological modes.
拓扑模式的非厄米变形。
9.Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes.
高效的蓝色InGaN纳米级发光二极管。
10.Strong yet ductile nanolamellar high-entropy alloys by additive manufacturing.
添加制造的坚固而易延展的纳米层状高熵合金。
11.Pulsed hydraulic-pressure-responsive self-cleaning membrane.
脉冲液压压力反应性自我清洁膜。
12.Site-selective, stereocontrolled glycosylation of minimally protected sugars.
位置选择性，立体控制的最小保护糖的糖基化。
13.The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management.
风险管理中前所未有的洪水和干旱的挑战。
14.Timescales for pluton growth, magma-chamber formation and super-eruptions.
用于岩体生长、岩浆座室形成和超级爆发的时间尺度。
15.A male steroid controls female sexual behaviour in the malaria mosquito.
雄性类固醇控制疟疾蚊子中的女性性行为。
16.A time-resolved, multi-symbol molecular recorder via sequential genome editing.
通过顺序基因组编辑的时间分辨、多符号分子记录仪。
17.Social capital I: measurement and associations with economic mobility.
社会资本I：测量和与经济流动性的关联。
18.Social capital II: determinants of economic connectedness.
社会资本II：经济联系的决定因素。
19.Women are credited less in science than men.
女性在科学领域的评价少于男性。
20.Visual recognition of social signals by a tectothalamic neural circuit.
通过构造神经回路对社会信号的视觉识别。
21.Prefrontal feature representations drive memory recall.
前额叶特征表示驱动内存回忆。
22.Secreted fungal virulence effector triggers allergic inflammation via TLR4.
分泌的真菌毒力效应子通过TLR4触发过敏性炎症。
23.Akkermansia muciniphila phospholipid induces homeostatic immune responses.
Akkermansia muciniphila磷脂诱导稳态免疫反应。
24.Single-nucleus profiling of human dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
人类扩张和肥厚性心肌病的单核谱分析。
25.Integrated multi-omic characterization of congenital heart disease.
先天性心脏病的集成多组学表征。
26.PI3K drives the de novo synthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B5.
PI3K驱动从维生素B5的辅酶A的从头合成。
27.Deep whole-genome ctDNA chronology of treatment-resistant prostate cancer.
深层全基因组ctDNA的耐药性前列腺癌年表。
28.Sestrin mediates detection of and adaptation to low-leucine diets in Drosophila.
Sestrin介导果蝇中低亮氨酸饮食的检测和适应。
29.Recording gene expression order in DNA by CRISPR addition of retron barcodes.
通过CRISPR添加复古条形码记录DNA中的基因表达顺序。
30.A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19.
关于映射COVID-19的人类遗传结构的首次更新。
31.Sticky logic programs bacteria to form multicellular patterns.
粘性逻辑程序细菌形成多细胞图案。
32.The mystery of early milk consumption in Europe.
欧洲早期牛奶消费的奥秘。
33.Magnetically soft but mechanically tough alloys.
磁性柔软，但机械强的合金。
34.A short burst of reward curbs the addictiveness of ketamine.
短暂的奖励遏制了氯胺酮的成瘾性。
35.Improved organ recovery after oxygen deprivation.
氧气剥夺后的器官恢复改善。
36.Response of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to past and future climate change.
东南极冰盖对过去和未来气候变化的反应。
37.Experimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling.
光学随机冷却的实验证明。
38.Realizing a 1D topological gauge theory in an optically dressed BEC.
在光学着装的BEC中实现了1D拓扑仪理论。
39.Quantum cascade of correlated phases in trigonally warped bilayer graphene.
三角形双层石墨烯中相关相的量子级联。
40.Self-emergence of robust solitons in a microcavity.
在微腔中的稳健孤子的自我出现。
41.A mechanically strong and ductile soft magnet with extremely low coercivity.
具有极低矫正性的机械强和延性软磁铁。
42.Perovskite superlattices with efficient carrier dynamics.
具有有效载体动力学的钙钛矿超晶格。
43.4-bit adhesion logic enables universal multicellular interface patterning.
4位粘附逻辑可以实现通用多细胞界面图案。
44.Giant impacts and the origin and evolution of continents.
巨大的影响以及大陆的起源和进化。
45.Dairying, diseases and the evolution of lactase persistence in Europe.
欧洲乳制品，疾病和乳糖酶持久性的进化。
46.The developing bird pelvis passes through ancestral dinosaurian conditions.
发育中的鸟骨盆经过祖先的恐龙条件。
47.Transcriptome variation in human tissues revealed by long-read sequencing.
长阅读测序揭示了人体组织中的转录组变异。
48.Spatially resolved clonal copy number alterations in benign and malignant tissue.
良性和恶性组织中的空间分辨克隆拷贝数改变。
49.Dual action of ketamine confines addiction liability.
氯胺酮限制成瘾责任的双重作用。
50.Dopamine subsystems that track internal states.
跟踪内部状态的多巴胺子系统。
51.Cortical feedback loops bind distributed representations of working memory.
皮质反馈回路绑定了工作内存的分布式表示。
52.Teixobactin kills bacteria by a two-pronged attack on the cell envelope.
泰索杆菌素通过对细胞包膜的两种构造攻击杀死细菌。
53.A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
人体免疫系统的物理接线图。
54.Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body.
整个身体长期温暖的缺血后，细胞恢复。
55.Inhibition of ASGR1 decreases lipid levels by promoting cholesterol excretion.
抑制ASGR1通过促进胆固醇胞吐来降低脂质水平。
56.Brown-fat-mediated tumour suppression by cold-altered global metabolism.
棕色脂肪介导的肿瘤抑制被冷变化的全球代谢。
57.Architecture and self-assembly of the jumbo bacteriophage nuclear shell.
巨型噬菌体核壳的结构和自组装。
58.On yoctosecond science.
关于约秒科学。
59.Reply to: On yoctosecond science.
回复：关于约秒科学。
60.The early arrival of spring doesn’t boost annual tree growth.
春季的早期并不能促进每年的树木生长。
61.Twisted-graphene model draws inspiration from heavy elements.
扭曲的碳烯模型从沉重的元素中汲取灵感。
62.Low phosphorus levels limit carbon capture by Amazonian forests.
低磷水平限制了亚马逊森林的碳捕获。
63.Evidence at last that the proton has intrinsic charm.
终于有证据表明质子具有内在的魅力。
64.Genetic variants that edit risk of autoimmune diseases.
编辑自身免疫性疾病风险的遗传变异。
65.Plate tectonics controls ocean oxygen levels.
板块构造控制海洋氧气水平。
66.Evidence for intrinsic charm quarks in the proton.
质子中固有魅力夸克的证据。
67.Observation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser.
用短波长自电子激光观察Rabi动力学。
68.Self-oscillating pump in a topological dissipative atom–cavity system.
拓扑耗散原子-腔体系统中的自振荡泵。
69.Formation of moiré interlayer excitons in space and time.
在时空中形成Moiré层中激子。
70.A compute-in-memory chip based on resistive random-access memory.
基于电阻随机访问存储器的计算内存芯片。
71.Preservation of high-pressure volatiles in nanostructured diamond capsules.
在纳米结构钻石胶囊中保存高压挥发物。
72.Floating perovskite-BiVO4 devices for scalable solar fuel production.
浮动钙钛矿-BiVO4设备，用于可扩展的太阳能燃料生产。
73.Continental configuration controls ocean oxygenation during the Phanerozoic.
大陆构型控制显生宙期间的海洋氧合。
74.Tropical tree mortality has increased with rising atmospheric water stress.
随着大气水应力的增加，热带树死亡率增加了。
75.Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change.
在气候变化下森林复原力下降的新兴信号。
76.Even modest climate change may lead to major transitions in boreal forests.
即使是中度的气候变化也可能导致北方森林的重大变化。
77.Sufficient conditions for rapid range expansion of a boreal conifer.
足够的条件，可以快速扩展北方针叶树。
78.Warm springs alter timing but not total growth of temperate deciduous trees.
暖春会改变时间，但不会改变温带落叶乔木总生长量。
79.Direct evidence for phosphorus limitation on Amazon forest productivity.
直接证据表明亚马逊森林生产力的磷限制。
80.A new elpistostegalian from the Late Devonian of the Canadian Arctic.
来自加拿大北极泥盆纪晚期的新希望螈目（elpistostegalian）。
81.RNA editing underlies genetic risk of common inflammatory diseases.
RNA编辑是常见炎症性疾病的遗传风险。
82.Modular strategy for development of the hierarchical visual network in mice.
小鼠层次视觉网络开发的模块化策略。
83.Neurotensin orchestrates valence assignment in the amygdala.
神经降压素协调杏仁核中的价分配。
84.BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection.
BA.2.12.1，BA.4和BA.5由Omicron感染引起的逃逸抗体。
85.Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5.
SARS-COV-2 Omicron子变量BA.2.12.1，BA.4和BA.5的抗体逃避。
86.Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers.
截短的FGFR2是多种癌症中临床上可起作用的癌基因。
87.GTSF1 accelerates target RNA cleavage by PIWI-clade Argonaute proteins.
GTSF1通过PIWI-clade Argonaute蛋白加速靶RNA裂解。
88.Molecular interplay of an assembly machinery for nitrous oxide reductase.
一氧化二氮还原酶的组装机械的分子相互作用。
89.A new phase for the universal growth of interfaces.
界面普遍增长的新阶段。
90.35 years of channelling potassium ions.
输送钾离子35年。
91.Suspended pores boost gas solubility in water.
悬浮的孔增强了水中的气体溶解度。
92.Long-sought mediator of vitamin K recycling discovered.
发现了长期的维生素K回收介质。
93.From the archive: bacteriophage mystery, and air-pollution tests.
来自档案：神秘的噬菌体和空袭测试。
94.Persister cells that survive chemotherapy are pinpointed.
在化学疗法中存活下来的持久性细胞被精确定位。
95.Efficient generation of entangled multiphoton graph states from a single atom.
从单个原子中有效地生成纠缠的多光子图状态。
96.Quantum error correction with silicon spin qubits.
用硅自旋矩阵校正量子误差。
97.Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality in a one-dimensional polariton condensate.
在一维偏振子冷凝物中的Kardar–Parisi–Zhang普遍性。
98.Scalable single-mode surface-emitting laser via open-Dirac singularities.
通过开狄拉克奇点的可扩展单模表面发射激光器。
99.Mechanical integrated circuit materials.
机械集成电路材料。
100.Fast-charging aluminium–chalcogen batteries resistant to dendritic shorting.
快速充电的铝-硫电池可抵抗树枝状短路。
101.Microporous water with high gas solubilities.
微孔水具有高气溶性。
102.Integrated ozone depletion as a metric for ozone recovery.
集成的臭氧耗竭作为臭氧回收的度量。
103.Diverse mutational landscapes in human lymphocytes.
人淋巴细胞中的多种突变景观。
104.Live-seq enables temporal transcriptomic recording of single cells.
实时测序可以实现单细胞的时间转录组学记录。
105.Transformations of neural representations in a social behaviour network.
社会行为网络中神经表征的转变。
106.Pyramidal neuron subtype diversity governs microglia states in the neocortex.
锥体神经元亚型多样性控制新皮层中的小胶质细胞状态。
107.The retroelement Lx9 puts a brake on the immune response to virus infection.
Retroement LX9对病毒感染的免疫反应制动了。
108.Spatial multi-omic map of human myocardial infarction.
人体心肌梗死的空间多组图。
109.A non-canonical vitamin K cycle is a potent ferroptosis suppressor.
非典型的维生素K循环是一种有效的铁凋亡抑制剂。
110.Cell–matrix interface regulates dormancy in human colon cancer stem cells.
细胞-矩阵界面调节人结肠癌干细胞的休眠。
111.Ordered and deterministic cancer genome evolution after p53 loss.
p53损失后有序和确定性的癌症基因组进化。
112.Cryo-EM structure of an active bacterial TIR–STING filament complex.
活性细菌TIR–STING复合物的冷冻电镜结构。
113.Cyclic nucleotide-induced helical structure activates a TIR immune effector.
循环核苷酸诱导的螺旋结构激活TIR免疫效应子。
114.Structure of Tetrahymena telomerase-bound CST with polymerase α-primase.
与聚合酶α-蛋白酶结合的四膜烷端粒酶结合的CST的结构。
115.Reconstitution of a telomeric replicon organized by CST.
CST组织的端粒复制子的重建。
116.Structures of the human CST-Polα–primase complex bound to telomere templates.
与端粒模板结合的人CST-Polα原始酶复合物的结构。
